Qualitative analysis of complex system objects, which include socio-economic systems, requires the involvement of new achievements in the methodology scientific knowledge. The main goal of the ...article is the search for new strategic approaches to improving the methodology of institutionalism in the plane of increasing importance of axiological aspects in modern science. Peculiarities of the problem orientation of modern science, which prompts the spread of "competing research programs", which widely practice interdisciplinary studies of highly complex non-equilibrium systems, are studied. Economic science cannot ignore political, social, spiritual and cultural components in the context of modern scientific knowledge. It is noted that global evolutionism focuses attention on the search for an evolutionary parameter and the importance of randomness, which are important for institutional changes in socio-economic systems. The importance of a systemic approach to solving insufficiently structured and complex economic problems, its value for the preliminary structuring of a qualitative problem in conditions of limited information in order to establish relationships between its components and its solution, has been clarified. It has been established that the synergistic concept of dissipative structure is important for understanding the origin, evolution and implementation of institutions in modern institutional analysis; integrates methods knowledge of modern science with elements of deterministic and probabilistic scientific knowledge; able to improve the methodological apparatus of institutional research. The main components and features of the civilizational approach – a general scientific research program, which is a kind of synthesis of systemic and synergistic approaches that are introduced in relation to the socio-economic system as an object of research – are substantiated.
The article deals with the particulars of the linguistic identity’s formulation of the scientific knowledge. The description of the means of the expression of the ontological, the axiological and the ...methodological aspects of the knowledge in a lecture speech of teachers in philology is proposed
The article aims to highlight the ideological aspect of functioning politically correct vocabulary in today’s political discourse. Realization of the set goal requires solving the following ...objectives: 1) to expand scholarly ideas about the interpretation of the linguistic phenomenon of political correctness as sociocultural and linguistic-behavioral ideology in political discourse; 2) based on the introduction of the concept “ideologeme”, to consider the classification of politically correct lexical units, used in political discourse. The study employs general scientific methods (analysis, generalization, systematization of scholarly literature on the issue under consideration), and special linguistic methods (method of distributional analysis, used to highlight the main semantic groups of politically correct vocabulary; elements of the component analysis, necessary to identify components of the meaning of politically correct vocabulary; method of linguostylistic analysis, used to study the functional features of politically correct vocabulary based on ideology). The study emphesizes that the phenomenon of political correctness can be considered as a set of linguistic and discursive components of the organization of the ideological life of modern society. It is able to ensure the creation of a system of values, the worldview, and in general, it involves the construction of reality. It also contributes to the dissemination and imposition of an opinion on one or another issue in society, mostly within the framework of political discourse. Political correctness deals with a situation in society where implicit rules of decency direct the ways of behavior in interactions between people of different races, genders, religions, and other potentially charged groups. It seems that political correctness in political discourse concerns all those areas where the interests of different groups of society collide on the issue of what is considered true or false, and who is considered “friend” or “stranger”. Political correctness as an ideology offers a polar view on social life, highlighting in it “good” (“right”) and “evil” (“bad”). Consequently, at the most abstract level, there are concepts that define the basic values of political correctness, as well as their “antipodes,” i.e., undesirable, unacceptable phenomena and attitudes that must be eradicated from social life (e.g., tolerant / intolerant, inclusive / exclusive). In general, it can be presented as a “good – evil” model of social life, which works and effectively serves the ideology of political correctness. Admittedly, the structure of the language of political correctness is not as homogeneous as it is commonly believed. Two broad layers of politically correct lexis that perform qualitatively different roles are considered: politically correct vocabulary, which includes the “acceptable” names of sociocultural phenomena, and politically correct ideologemes that are used to directly form a politically correct worldview. Ideologemes, as a result of the interaction of language and ideology, represent the optimal means for establishing the dominant worldview in the country, influence the transformation of the addressee’s already existing political worldview, explicitly or implicitly represent the basic ideological and value attitudes of a society. If politically correct vocabulary itself is an example of the “acceptable” language concerning different matters of life, then the ideologemes of political correctness set standards for assessing heterogeneous sociocultural phenomena. In turn, the attitudes and principles embedded in the ideologemes are implemented in the creation of politically correct vocabulary. Thus, ideologemes form the core of the linguistic representation of the ideology of political correctness. Their most common word-formation models involve exploiting the suffix -ism, the -free and -phobia components, the words “bias” and “sensitivity”. It can be argued that the ideologeme is a characteristic element of the global political context, since it is a kind of reference to a particular era, its meaning is detached from the direct meanings of the lexical units that make it up. An adequate understanding of the ideologeme is possible only in the context of the corresponding ideology and the context of a certain period of history.
Higher education in Ukraine is focused not only on the formation of specific competencies of future specialists, but also on the development of communicative competence, which in necessary for a ...modern specialist in any professional activity. Therefore, the improvement of training courses on the culture of communication is an actual pedagogical task. Improvement may consist in expanding the philosophical and axiological context of these courses. Such a context creates conditions not only for learning, but also for educating specialists of new generation. To this end, a methodology was developed and tested to introduce folk proverbs with relevant sentences into the courses on the culture of communication. In addition to the practical feasibility of this pedagogical initiative, it also sees a socio-philosophical content. This content is revealed through the understanding of the functions of proverbs in the communicative space of culture in the discourse of the paradigm of theatricality of being. Studies show that in the “theater” of being, folk proverbs are actualized in two aspects: 1) ontological, as “scenarios” of possible life situations and their consequences, which were interpreted popular wisdom; 2) dramaturgical, as “remarks”, capable of filling the “dialogue”/communication with a certain meaning, as a language artistic gesture. Both of these aspects imply an axiological aspect, since they create conditions for the transmission and consolidation of certain values inherent in the national culture. Combining all these aspects in the practice of introducing Ukrainian proverbs into communication culture courses contributes to the formation of additional competence among students - the ability to actualize cultural heritage in the modern conditions of social activity. Expansion (in perspective) of this practice through familiarizing students with similar proverbs of other nations will create the foundation for more effective inter-ethnic, intercultural communications.
Одной из актуальных задач современной паремиологии как отдельной лингвистической дисциплины является семантическое описание пословиц и их классификация на семантические типы по различным критериям. В ...статье исследуется категоризация семантики тувинских пословиц, дифференцируются и описываются их семантические типы по критерию «отношение к действительности» в эмпирическом и аксиологическом аспектах.
В результате исследования установлено, что пословицы тувинского языка по отношению их содержания к внеязыковой действительности могут в эмпирическом аспекте ей либо противоречить, либо не противоречить. Пословицы, содержание которых не противоречит действительности, подразделяются на номологические и не номологические в зависимости от выражения необходимых vs. случайных, существенных vs. несущественных, регулярных vs. нерегулярных связей между неединичными объектами. Пословицы, не имеющие номологического содержания, разграничиваются на трюистические и не трюистические на основе его общеизвестности vs. не общеизвестности, стереотипности vs. оригинальности, очевидности vs. неочевидности. Пословицы, не имеющие трюистического содержания, выражают в аксиологическом плане либо существенные, либо мало значимые в традиционной картине мира закономерности действительности и по этому признаку дифференцируются на сентенциональные и грегерические.
The article deals with axiological aspects of ideologeme “order” in the political discourse of Russia and the USA. It is also supplied with some results of comparative research of ideologeme “order” ...in Russian and American political discourse.
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