•Manufacturing shares in developing countries have not changed since 1970.•Premature deindustrialization is not attributed to sector-specific factors.•It is due to a concentration of manufacturing ...activities in specific countries.•Path of industrialization will likely remain important for developing countries.
Manufacturing has traditionally played a key role in the economic development of developing countries. In recent years, it has been argued that the importance of manufacturing has diminished over the last 20–25years, resulting in premature deindustrialization or non-industrialization in developing countries. This study explores whether the low levels of industrialization in developing countries are attributable to long-term changes in opportunities available to the sector around the globe. The study’s findings show that the manufacturing sector’s value added and employment contribution to world GDP and employment, respectively, have not changed significantly since 1970. The declining manufacturing value added and manufacturing employment share in many developing countries has not been caused by changes in the sector’s development potential but has instead resulted from a shift of manufacturing activities to a relatively small number of populous countries, thus resulting in a concentration of manufacturing activities in specific developing countries. As was the case in the last millennium, industrialization has continued to play a key role in the growth of developing countries, which have sustained rapid and long-term growth for the last 25years. Achieving economic development by following the path of industrialization will likely remain important for low-income countries because they are able to take advantage of their backwardness relative to those countries which have already experienced rapid industrialization with a disproportionately large share of manufacturing activities, and could soon enter a mature stage of industrialization.
In this paper, we have made a comprehensive assessment of the extent and various socio-economic implications of energy poverty in India. Amartya Sens's capability approach to development underpins ...the analysis of household-level data taken from the India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II), 2011-12 using the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI). The overall results show that energy poverty is widespread in India and the existence of energy poverty also coincides with the other forms of deprivations such as income poverty and social backwardness. For example, Dalits (Lower Caste) and Adivasis (Tribal) are found to be extremely energy poor compared to the other social groups in India. The results also reveal that it is the responsibility of women to manage the domestic chores such as collection of firewood and making of dung cake in traditional Indian households. Inefficient use of such biomass fuels is found to cause health hazards.
•Energy poverty in India is assessed based on Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI).•Energy poverty is widespread in India with large geographical variation across states.•Energy poverty coincides with socioeconomic backwardness of people.•Energy poverty is associated with health hazards like Asthma and Tuberculosis.•Access to energy may increase labor market participation of women.
Backwardness is a multifaceted term comprising various dimensions that can be quantified with the help of specific representative indicators. This study intends to explore the state of backwardness ...and identify underdeveloped areas in the districts of Rajouri and Poonch that share a 230-km-long border along the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan and have always been under the continuous threat of cross-border disturbances and aggressive posturing from both sides, which has primarily affected the region's local communities geo-economically and socio-psychologically. A comprehensive block-level index of backwardness has been employed by applying Principal Component Analysis on 20 indicators across five dimensions—basic amenities, demography, education and health, agriculture, and water resources for mapping and quantifying the backwardness in the region. Here, the relative difference in the degree of development among the blocks measures backwardness. The results reveal that 15 blocks of the study area are the most backward, and only five blocks fall in the low category of backwardness. The results also reflect that most of the backward blocks are on the study area's eastern and south-western margins, as the former is characterized by high altitude, hilly terrain, and dense forests, whereas the latter forms the border between India and Pakistan, affected mainly by ceasefire violations. The findings provide vital insights for policymakers to prioritize targeted development programs and provision of basic amenities, improve education and healthcare, manage water resources sustainably, foster peace building, and involve local communities. This study primarily revolves around the 'contesting' spaces and border geographies and subsequent levels of development geographically, which would help researchers and policymakers worldwide understand the binary of backwardness and border geographies spatially.
•Seeks to gain insights whether developing countries benefit more from the backwardness advantage for economic growth in the information age.•Examines this question through theoretical, descriptive ...and rigorous econometric analyses.•Econometric analyses are based on an exhaustive sample of 163 countries with a time span from 1996 to 2016.•Provides solid empirical evidence that developing countries reap significantly greater growth gains from internet adoption.
This paper seeks to gain insights into whether developing countries benefit more from the backwardness advantage for economic growth in the Information Age. The paper examines this concern through three complementary approaches. First, it derives theoretical grounds from the existing economic models to support the hypothesis that the internet, inter alia, enables developing countries to reap greater growth gains from technology acquisition and catch-up. Second, the paper uses descriptive evidence to show that the growth landscape has indeed shifted decisively in favor of developing countries in the Internet Age in comparison to the pre-internet period. Third, using rigorous econometric techniques with data of 163 countries over a 20-year period, 1996–2016, the paper evidences that developing countries on average reap significantly greater growth gains from internet adoption in comparison to the average advanced country. The paper discusses policy implications from the paper's findings.
The formation of directions for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period requires a logical and well-grounded conception built on the principles of modern science. In ...modern research, much attention is paid to the development of methodological support for the development of conceptions and conceptional provisions as a basis for the development of the country. However, there is currently no single scientifically grounded conception for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» after the war. The aim of the article is to substantiate the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period. The main postulates of classical and neoclassical theories and conceptions that examine the problems of backwardness of countries by directions and dynamics of socioeconomic development, as well as individual authors’ models that describe various modifications of the «traps of backwardness» are generalized. The basic postulates of modern European research on the problems of recovery of the socioeconomic development after crises are defined. On this basis, a theoretical platform for the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» is proposed. The effectiveness of the use of cognitive models to address the needs of the theory and practice of Ukraine’s post-war exit from the «trap of backwardness» is shown. The draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period is substantiated, containing a number of hypotheses and provisions, which together solve an important scientific and practical task of creating a mechanism and conditions for overcoming and destroying the trap of backwardness in Ukraine, as well as excluding the causes and possibilities of its reproduction in the post-war and long-term periods. Theoretical and practical problems that can be solved on the basis of the implementation of the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» presented in the article are structured.
This paper explores the educational inequality of the Muslim community in India. It examines the socio-economic and political factors responsible for the marginalisation of the community. It covers ...the perceptions of education within Islam and the history of the teaching of the Muslim community in India. It tries to comprehend the challenges within the community to access education. Furthermore, it looks at the education of the Muslim community in India. Afterwards, it also explores the factors that determine the educational status of the community. Moreover, it interrogates how in the absence of government intervention, it redresses the community's backwardness; therefore, the role played by civil society organizations is very important to analyse. Hence the paper inspects the role of NGOs as social capital in the educational development of the community.
Objective: To analyze the recent formation of San Quintin Valley. Methodology: for this study is mixed, which allows us: under a qualitative approach, to recover its constitution process in its ...previous administrative assignment and analyze the participation of local actors; and under a quantitative approach, relevant data are retrieved to show the occupational and economic structure of the area. Results: The relevance of local actors, and governmental actors in this process; an integrated population composition of indigenous people; the challenges they face in terms of urbanization, economic, education and health; Limitations: Limited statistical information. Conclusions: the new municipality has as challenge the generation of its own institutionality, as well as the management of the necessary support at the state and federal level to solve the great social and urban lags.
Objetivo: el objetivo es analizar la reciente conformación como municipio de San Quintín. Metodología: para este estudio es mixta, lo que nos permite: bajo un enfoque cualitativo, recuperar su proceso de constitución en su anterior adscripción administrativa y analizar la participación de los actores locales; y bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, se recupera información de bases de datos oficiales cuantitativa para la construcción y establecimiento de la estructura ocupacional y económica de la zona. Resultados: relevancia de los actores locales y gubernamentales; una poblacional integrada por población de origen indígena, los retos en urbanización, económicos, educativos y salud. Limitaciones: limitada información estadística Conclusión, el nuevo municipio tiene como reto la generación de su propia institucionalidad, así como la gestión de los apoyos necesarios a nivel estatal y federal.
Introduction: Psychomotricity has taken on an important role in the educational field, since motor development is closely related to learning (Berruezo & Adelantado, 2000). A good internalization ...corporal scheme will allow an adequate construction of later development milestones and the improvement of an emotional and personal balance (Cremades, 2015). This study aims to demonstrate that Bernard Aucouturier's (2004) Psychomotor Practice methodology allows an improvement in motor development backwardness in 4-year-old children. METHOD: A quasi-experimental intervention was carried out with a pre-test phase, an intervention phase and a post-test phase with a group of 18 children of 4-year-old. For this, qualitative and quantitative instruments were used: qualitative pre-assessment (Hernández, 2015), Preschool Psychomotricity Assessment Scale (De la Cruz & Mazaira, 1998) (quantitative) and field notebook (qualitative), used by researchers. RESULTS: the Experienced Psychomotricity model seeks a significant improvement in motor development in the analyzed sample, especially in balance, arm and leg coordination, and body schema (in themselves and with respect to others). DISCUSSION: the improvements obtained in motor development converge with the affective and attitudinal improvements that we have observed individually in children, favoring and impregnating the rest of the group.
Introducción: La psicomotricidad ha tomado un papel relevante en el ámbito educativo, pues el desarrollo motor está estrechamente relacionado con el aprendizaje (Berruezo y Adelantado, 2000). Una buena interiorización del esquema corporal permitirá una adecuada construcción de hitos posteriores del desarrollo y la mejora de un equilibrio emocional y personal (Cremades, 2015). Este estudio pretende demostrar que la metodología de Psicomotricidad Vivenciada de Bernard Aucouturier (2004), permite una mejora del retraso madurativo motor en niños de 4 años. MÉTODO: se realizó una intervención cuasi experimental con una fase de pretest, fase de intervención y fase postest con un grupo de 18 niños de 4 años de edad. Para ello, se utilizaron varios instrumentos de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo: pre-evaluación cualitativa (Hernández, 2015), Escala de Evaluación de la Psicomotricidad en Preescolar (De la Cruz y Mazaira, 1998) (cuantitativa) y cuaderno de campo (cualitativo), utilizado por los investigadores. RESULTADOS: el modelo de Psicomotricidad Vivenciada procura una mejora significativa del desarrollo motor en la muestra analizada, sobre todo, en el equilibrio, la coordinación de brazos y piernas y el esquema corporal (en sí mismos y respecto a los demás). DISCUSIÓN: las mejoras obtenidas en el desarrollo motor convergen con las mejoras afectivas y actitudinales que hemos observado de manera individual en los niños, favoreciendo e impregnando al resto del grupo.
Based on data from a free of cost smartphone app, this paper presents a methodology to compute and integrate six transport disadvantage indicators into a widely used measure of social exclusion in ...Mexico, namely, social backwardness index (SBI). It is presented the case of Zacatecas metropolitan area as an example. The results are obtained through Latent Class Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, comparing the effect of transport disadvantage on SBI. A major improvement over the official methodology is that the novel measure can be computed for highly spatially disaggregated units of analysis such as neighborhoods and urban blocks.
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