In this groundbreaking volume on the human rights of children, acclaimed analyst, political theorist, and biographer Elisabeth Young-Bruehl argues that prejudice exists against children as a groupand ...that it is comparable to racism, sexism, and homophobia. This prejudicechildismlegitimates and rationalizes a broad continuum of acts that are not in the best interests of children, including the often violent extreme of child abuse and neglect. According to Young-Bruehl, reform is possible only if we acknowledge this prejudice in its basic forms and address the motives and cultural forces that drive it, rather than dwell on the various categories of abuse and punishment.There will always be individuals and societies that turn on their children," writes Young-Bruehl, breaking the natural order Aristotle described two and a half millennia ago in his Nichomachean Ethics." In Childism, Young-Bruehl focuses especially on the ways in which Americans have departed from the child-supportive trends of the Great Society and of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.Many years in the making, Childism draws upon a wide range of sources, from the literary and philosophical to the legal and psychoanalytic. Woven into this extraordinary volume are case studies that illuminate the profound importance of listening to the victims who have so much to tell us about the visible and invisible ways in which childism is expressed.
Objective: Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for children aims not only at improving symptoms but also at changing the quality of life. To our knowledge, no studies exist to date that focused on ...both aspects. In this paper, we investigated changes in problem behavior and health-related quality of life based on long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy with children suffering from emotional and behavioral disorders. Method: We investigated 76 children in the treatment group and analyzed pre- and post-treatment symptoms. Furthermore, we compared the outcome data with a control group of 27 children of similar age and diagnoses who received no psychotherapy, both under routine care conditions. The children included in the study were treated on average for 66 sessions. Parent and adolescent ratings on the Achenbach Scales and the Quality of Life Inventory for Adolescents were compared before and after treatment. Results: We found a highly significant improvement of internalizing symptomatology based on parent ratings with a large effect. Different from prior investigations based on short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy we found changes in quality of life with large effects. Conclusion: These findings indicate that long-term psychodynamic treatment can improve life quality in children beyond symptom change.
Objective: Children with behavioral problems often have problems with symbolic play organization, specifically with the regulation of negative affect and its representation. One of the aims of ...psychodynamic therapy with these children is enhancing their symbolic and mentalizing capacities in play. This study investigated the associations between promoting mentalization, and the growth of symbolic play and affect regulation. Method: The sample included 48 children with behavioral problems, who underwent long-term psychodynamic treatment informed with mentalization principles, with good outcome. Three hundred twenty-nine sessions were coded for children's symbolic play and affect regulation strategies, and each treatment was rated for adherence to mentalizing principles. Results: Hierarchical linear modeling showed quadratic growth of variables, wherein symbolic play initially increased followed by a deceleration in change, whereas affect regulation initially decreased followed by an increase. Adherence to mentalizing principles was associated with both symbolic play and affect regulation. A two-way interaction between time in treatment and adherence to mentalization showed that in high adherent treatments, affect regulation increased towards the end of treatment, whereas in low adherent treatments, there was no change. Conclusion: Results show support for the association between adherence to mentalization and growth of affect regulation and symbolic play in psychodynamic therapy.
Il Museo del Giocattolo e del Bambino di Cormano è il primo nel suo genere in Italia. Con l’obiettivo di salvaguardare e tramandare la memoria storica dell’infanzia, raccoglie giocattoli, memorie e ...testimonianze di un percorso storico che parte dal 1700 e arriva agli anni Ottanta del Novecento. L’idea che lo sorregge è quella di un museo inteso come esposizione degli oggetti, ma anche come luogo di incontro, scontro, ritorno e partecipazione, come stimolo educativo del bambino.
The paper explores the phenomenology of major depression and suicidal ideation in children, offering a brief overview of relevant findings in psychiatry, with particular reference to statistical ...evidence, and outlining psychoanalytic models, including Jungian as well as the post‐Kleinian and Bionian vertices. Bowlby's seminal contribution to the understanding of mourning processes in relation to Freud's theory is also considered. The case of an eight‐year‐old boy is examined, with particular attention to a series of drawings that the patient produced over the two years of his psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The therapy was interrupted abruptly by his parents.
Cet article explore la phénoménologie de la dépression grave et de l'idéation suicidaire chez les enfants. Il offre un rapide aperçu des découvertes sur ce sujet en psychiatrie, faisant particulièrement référence aux données statistiques, et donnant les grandes lignes des modèles psychanalytiques, notamment les perspectives Jungiennes ainsi que post‐Kleiniennes et Bionniennes. L'apport majeur de Bowlby pour la compréhension des processus de deuil en relation avec la théorie freudienne est également pris en compte. Le cas d'un garçon de huit ans est étudié, en s'appuyant sur une série de dessins que le patient produisit au cours de deux années de psychothérapie psychanalytique. La thérapie fut interrompue abruptement par ses parents.
Dieser Artikel untersucht die Phänomenologie der schweren Depression und Suizidgedanken bei Kindern, bietet einen kurzen Überblick über relevante Erkenntnisse in der Psychiatrie, mit besonderem Bezug auf statistische Beweise, und skizziert psychoanalytische Modelle, einschließlich Jungianischer sowie Postkleinianischer und Bionischer Eckpunkte. Auch Bowlbys grundlegender Beitrag zum Verständnis von Trauerprozessen in Bezug zu Freuds Theorie wird berücksichtigt. Der Fall eines achtjährigen Jungen wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer Reihe von Zeichnungen untersucht, die der Patient in den zwei Jahren seiner psychoanalytischen Psychotherapie angefertigt hat. Die Therapie wurde von seinen Eltern abrupt beendet.
Questo articolo esplora la fenomenologia della depressione grave e dell'ideazione suicida nei bambini, offrendo una breve panoramica dei risultati rilevanti in psichiatria, con particolare riferimento all'evidenza statistica, e delineando i modelli psicoanalitici, inclusi i vertici junghiani, post‐kleiniani e bioniani. Viene anche considerato il contributo fondamentale di Bowlby alla comprensione dei processi di lutto in relazione alla teoria di Freud. Il caso di un bambino di otto anni viene esaminato, con particolare attenzione ad una serie di disegni che il paziente ha prodotto durante i due anni della sua psicoterapia psicoanalitica. La terapia venne interrotta bruscamente dai suoi genitori.
В статье исследуется феноменология основных депрессивных и суицидальных представлений у детей и предлагается краткий обзор соответствующих психиатрических концепций, подкрепленных конкретными статистическими данными, а также психоаналитических моделей, включая как юнгианскую, так и пост‐кляйнианскую и бионианскую. Кроме того, обсуждается ценный вклад, который внес в понимание процессов горевания в контексте теории Фрейда Джон Боулби. Описывается случай восьмилетнего мальчика, при этом особое внимание уделяется серии рисунков, сделанных пациентом в течение двух лет его психоаналитической психотерапии. Терапия была внезапно прервана его родителями.
El presente trabajo explora la fenomenología de la depresión mayor y la ideación suicida en niños, ofreciendo una breve reseña de las conclusiones relevantes en psiquiatría, particularmente en lo referente a evidencia estadística, y describiendo modelos psicoanalíticos, incluyendo una perspectiva Junguiana, así como post‐Kleiniana y Bioniana. También se considera la contribución seminal de Bion a la comprensión de los procesos de duelo en relación con la teoría de Freud. Se explora el caso de un niño de ocho años, con particular atención a una serie de dibujos que el paciente produjo a lo largo de dos años de psicoterapia psicoanalítica. La terapia fue interrumpida abruptamente por sus padres.
让我走吧:儿童的抑郁症和自杀性幻想
本文探讨了儿童重度抑郁症和自杀意念的现象学, 对精神病学的相关发现进行了简要概述, 特别参考了统计学证据, 并概述了相关的精神分析模型, 包括荣格以及后克莱因学派和比昂学派。鲍尔比 (Bowlby)对弗洛伊德有关的哀悼过程的开创性理解也被本文考虑。文章研究了一个八岁男孩的案例, 特别关注了病人在接受分析性心理治疗的两年中产生的一系列绘画。治疗被他的父母突然打断了。
In questa generazione di bambini di età prescolare emergono evidenti cambiamenti, nell’imparare e nel giocare, che sono strettamente collegati alla loro familiarità con i dispositivi mobili e alla ...disponibilità di risorse digitali per apprendere esplorando, manipolando e soprattutto giocando. È il medium basato sull’interazione diretta ad aver innescato il cambiamento, portando nuove opportunità di apprendere facendo. Allo stesso tempo le applicazioni per dispositivi mobili (app) creano dubbi nei docenti e nei genitori, sia sull’opportunità di usarle precocemente, sia sulle modalità per sceglierle. Considerata la prossimità di questi strumenti, l’ambito scientifico sta ancora cercando di fornire delle risposte in merito. A partire da tali studi e da considerazioni di tipo pedagogico, l’intento del contributo è quello di classificare le app educative e di individuarne le potenzialità e gli indicatori per orientare la scelta.
<a href=;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=19212514&;>Hear the author interview on NPR's Morning Edition
If you believe the experts, “child’s play”; is serious ...business. From sociologists to psychologists and from anthropologists to social critics, writers have produced mountains of books about the meaning and importance of play. But what do we know about how children actually play, especially American children of the last two centuries? In this fascinating and enlightening book, Howard Chudacoff presents a history of children’s play in the United States and ponders what it tells us about ourselves.
Through expert investigation in primary sources-including dozens of children's diaries, hundreds of autobiographical recollections of adults, and a wealth of child—rearing manuals—along with wide—ranging reading of the work of educators, journalists, market researchers, and scholars-Chudacoff digs into the “underground” of play. He contrasts the activities that genuinely occupied children's time with what adults thought children should be doing.
Filled with intriguing stories and revelatory insights, Children at Play provides a chronological history of play in the U.S. from the point of view of children themselves. Focusing on youngsters between the ages of about six and twelve, this is history “from the bottom up.” It highlights the transformations of play that have occurred over the last 200 years, paying attention not only to the activities of the cultural elite but to those of working-class men and women, to slaves, and to Native Americans. In addition, the author considers the findings, observations, and theories of numerous social scientists along with those of fellow historians.
Chudacoff concludes that children's ability to play independently has attenuated over time and that in our modern era this diminution has frequently had unfortunate consequences. By examining the activities of young people whom marketers today call “tweens,” he provides fresh historical depth to current discussions about topics like childhood obesity, delinquency, learning disability, and the many ways that children spend their time when adults aren’t looking.
The school of Rome Bloomer, W. Martin
2011, 2011., 20110328, 2011-04-27
eBook, Book
This fascinating cultural and intellectual history focuses on education as practiced by the imperial age Romans, looking at what they considered the value of education and its effect on children. W. ...Martin Bloomer details the processes, exercises, claims, and contexts of liberal education from the late first century BCE to the third century CE—the epoch of rhetorical education. He examines the adaptation of Greek institutions, methods, and texts by the Romans, and traces the Romans’ own history of education. Bloomer argues that while Rome’s enduring educational legacy includes the seven liberal arts and a canon of school texts, its practice of competitive displays of reading, writing, and reciting were intended to instill in the young social as well as intellectual ideas.
Traumi cranici del bambino Orliaguet, G.; Uhrig, L.
EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione,
November 2016, 2016-11-00, Volume:
21, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Il trauma cranico (CT) è la lesione più frequente nel bambino traumatizzato (60-70% dei casi), ma il trauma cranico grave ne rappresenta solo il 10% circa dei casi. L’analisi dell’evoluzione clinica ...immediatamente dopo l’incidente permette di definire tre categorie di CT: lieve, moderato e grave. Questa classificazione clinica molto semplice permette di stabilire le basi della gestione iniziale. Il bambino con trauma cranico grave deve essere considerato potenzialmente politraumatizzato. L’ipertensione intracranica post-traumatica è più frequente nei bambini che negli adulti, soprattutto a causa di una compliance cerebrale inferiore. Nei bambini, a causa di una zona di autoregolazione vascolare cerebrale più stretta, per una stessa piccola variazione di pressione arteriosa media, il flusso ematico cerebrale può variare in modo significativo e portare o a un’ischemia cerebrale o a un’iperemia con un aumento della pressione intracranica. Tutti i metodi di monitoraggio utilizzati hanno dei limiti e non forniscono le stesse informazioni; è, quindi, usuale associarli nel quadro di un monitoraggio multimodale. Benché i dati siano meno chiari che nell’adulto, mantenere una pressione di perfusione cerebrale maggiore o uguale a 45-50 mmHg nei lattanti e maggiore o uguale a 55-65 mmHg nei bambini più grandi sembra l’obiettivo terapeutico da raggiungere. La maggior parte delle terapie proposte nell’adulto è utilizzabile nel bambino, a condizione di realizzare un adeguamento che tenga conto della fisiologia e della farmacologia del bambino.
The history of hospitals is related to institutional care and is one of the most interesting chapters of the twentieth-century urban events in Verona (Italy). The current Hospital of Borgo Trento was ...before built in 1914 as Children’s Alessandri Hospital; in 1942 it was transformed and it expanded to grow into the New Hospital Centre. The competition for the Children’s Alessandri Hospital, announced in 1904, was won by architect Giovanni Tempioni, who considered essential for the new hospital a “mortuary room and an anatomical room for cadaveric lessons”. Relevant was the evolution of design for the Pavilion of reception, study and management of death in the New Hospital Center, built by the engineer Pio Beccherle. The Anatomo-pathological Institute became independent, innovative and technologically modern.
