The U.S. detention center at Guantanamo Bay has long been synonymous with torture, secrecy, and the abuse of executive power. It has come to epitomize lawlessness and has sparked protracted legal ...battles and political debate. For too long, however, Guantanamo has been viewed in isolation and has overshadowed a larger, interconnected global detention system that includes other military prisons such as Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan, secret CIA jails, and the transfer of prisoners to other countries for torture. Guantanamo is simply - and alarmingly - the most visible example of a much larger prison system designed to operate outside the law.Habeas Corpus after 9/11 examines the rise of the U.S.-run global detention system that emerged after 9/11 and the efforts to challenge it through habeas corpus (a petition to appear in court to claim unlawful imprisonment). Habeas expert and litigator Jonathan Hafetz gives us an insider's view of the detention of enemy combatants and an accessible explanation of the complex forces that keep these systems running. In the age of terrorism, some argue that habeas corpus is impractical and unwise. Hafetz advocates that it remains the single most important check against arbitrary and unlawful detention, torture, and the abuse of executive power.
The consummate guide on the contemporary management of complex skull base tumors from renowned multidisciplinary experts! An increased understanding of the biology and molecular characterization of ...skull base tumors has led to innovative new approaches. Endoscopic tumor resection, surgical reconstruction, and advances in radiation delivery, chemotherapy, and targeted biologic therapy, have greatly expanded treatment options for patients with these challenging tumors. The updated second edition of Comprehensive Management of Skull Base Tumors by master surgeons Ehab Hanna, Franco DeMonte, and an impressive group of global experts reflects expanded knowledge of skull base tumors and evidence-based advances. This generously illustrated second edition is organized into three sections with 42 chapters. Section I features expanded coverage of endonasal skull base anatomy and surgical principles, as well as radiotherapeutic advances such as proton therapy and stereotactic radiation. Section II is focused on site- specific procedures with emphasis on surgical approaches, and Section III focuses on tumor-specific considerations with emphasis on multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Core topics of this thorough book include pathology, genetics, diagnostic considerations, surgical reconstruction, rehabilitation, chemotherapy, functional outcomes, quality of life issues, neurocognitive assessment, and cerebrovascular management. Key Features * In-depth discussion of anatomic regions of the cranial base, including surgical anatomy, regional pathology, differential diagnosis, clinical assessment, diagnostic imaging, and surgical approaches * Incidence, epidemiology, pathology, staging, multidisciplinary treatment, outcome, and prognosis for a wide range of neoplasms including squamous cell carcinoma, chondrosarcomas, chordomas, meningiomas, schwannomas, paragangliomas, pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, epidermoids, and fibro-osseous lesions * Outstanding illustrations, surgical and clinical photos, imaging, tables, and videos new to this edition, enhance understanding of complex skull base tumors The most comprehensive resource available today on the management and treatment of skull base tumors, this book is essential reading for neurosurgical and otolaryngology residents. It will also benefit surgeons who specialize in oromaxillofacial, craniofacial, and plastic and reconstructive surgery.
•Coordination chemistry of penta-, hexa- and heptadentate Schiff base ligands.•Penta-, hexa- and heptadentate Schiff base ligands with donor sets combining N, O, S or P donors.•Structural aspects of ...their transition metal, main group, lanthanide and actinide complexes.•Linear and macrocyclic pentadentate Schiff bases and their metal complexes.•Discussion of structures and physico-chemical properties of SB metal complexes.
Novel ligand platforms that promote reactivity are of long standing and continued interest in coordination chemistry, with Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes representing one of the most versatile and long standing topics of interest. The synthesis and structure of polydentate Schiff bases and their metal complexes is fascinating, because it reveals a great richness of structural, physico-chemical and catalytic properties. Given the simplicity and ease of access to multidentate Schiff bases and their metal complexes, investigation of such compounds is essential to precise and understand structure–property relationships in order to optimize and improve their use in a wide range of fields, including catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, magnetism, electrochemistry, nanoscience, energy materials, and biological applications. This review highlights the recent developments of pentadentate, hexadentate, heptadentate and macrocyclic Schiff base ligands containing various donor sets made of different combinations of N, O, S or P donor atoms and their metal complexes (essentially mononuclear), as well as presenting synthetic methods and interesting structures of complexes formed by first-to-third row transition metals (from group 4–12), main group elements, lanthanides and actinides. This review is divided into three main sections, each of them corresponding to one type of denticity of the Schiff base under consideration. Each category is described with representative examples according to a periodic order, and emphasis is given to the coordination aspects. Their catalytic, magnetic and biological properties are also outlined. This review that contains 359 references should act as a source of information to researchers interested to work in this domain and stimulate further investigation in this fascinating area of Schiff base coordination compounds.
Sinonasal tumors invading anterior skull base is difficult to treat in Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery. Treatment requires the collaboration of ear, nose and throat (ENT) and neurosurgeon to ...remove the tumor completely. This study was to evaluate the outcome of combined technique nasal endoscopic and subfrontal approach in case of sinonasal tumors involving anterior skull base.
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
The study was a cross-sectional study that had taken place at Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery Department of Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam. All 45 patients were enrolled and underwent the surgery. 71.1% of these cases were malignant tumors. The ratio of sinonasal malignant tumor is squamous cell carcinoma and esthesioneuroblastoma were 24.4% and 11.1%, respectively. All the cases were diagnosed as sinonasal tumor invading anterior skull base and successfully removed by combining nasal endoscopic approach with subfrontal craniotomy.
The combined nasal endoscopic with subfrontal craniotomy for resection nasoethmoid tumor invading the brain show a good result. This technique is an important adjunct that contribute to the treatment of anterior skull base tumor involving the brain.
In recent years, much progress has been made on the development of aerospace materials for structural and engine applications. Alloys, such as Al-based alloys, Mg-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, and ...Ni-based alloys, are developed for aerospace industry with outstanding advantages. Composite materials, the innovative materials, are taking more and more important roles in aircrafts. However, recent aerospace materials still face some major challenges, such as insufficient mechanical properties, fretting wear, stress corrosion cracking, and corrosion. Consequently, extensive studies have been conducted to develop the next generation aerospace materials with superior mechanical performance and corrosion resistance to achieve improvements in both performance and life cycle cost. This review focuses on the following topics: (1) materials requirements in design of aircraft structures and engines, (2) recent advances in the development of aerospace materials, (3) challenges faced by recent aerospace materials, and (4) future trends in aerospace materials.
“How I Do It”—Skull Base Surgery Bernardo, Antonio; Evins, Alexander I.
World neurosurgery,
April 2023, 2023-Apr, 2023-04-00, 20230401, Volume:
172
Journal Article
Abstract
Rfam is a database of RNA families where each of the 3444 families is represented by a multiple sequence alignment of known RNA sequences and a covariance model that can be used to search ...for additional members of the family. Recent developments have involved expert collaborations to improve the quality and coverage of Rfam data, focusing on microRNAs, viral and bacterial RNAs. We have completed the first phase of synchronising microRNA families in Rfam and miRBase, creating 356 new Rfam families and updating 40. We established a procedure for comprehensive annotation of viral RNA families starting with Flavivirus and Coronaviridae RNAs. We have also increased the coverage of bacterial and metagenome-based RNA families from the ZWD database. These developments have enabled a significant growth of the database, with the addition of 759 new families in Rfam 14. To facilitate further community contribution to Rfam, expert users are now able to build and submit new families using the newly developed Rfam Cloud family curation system. New Rfam website features include a new sequence similarity search powered by RNAcentral, as well as search and visualisation of families with pseudoknots. Rfam is freely available at https://rfam.org.
Background
Sinonasal and skull‐base tumors that previously required open resection can often be completely resected via an endonasal approach. The nasoseptal flap (NSF) is the workhorse vascularized ...tissue flap for the endoscopic reconstruction of large skull‐base defects from tumor resections. The objective of the current article is to describe a novel modification of the NSF for simultaneous reconstruction of skull‐base and medial orbital wall defects.
Methods
An extension of the standard NSF to include mucosa of the lateral nasal wall was developed for closure of simultaneous skull‐base and medial orbital wall defects. Outcomes including successful cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak closure, orbital edema, and postoperative cosmesis are reported. Eyelid edema was characterized according to the Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis (SPREE) scale.
Results
Three patients underwent reconstruction using the modified NSF (average age 75 years). The average defect size of the skull base was 3.6 ± 0.1 cm by 2.3 ± 0.2 cm. The average defect size of the medial orbit was 2.7 ± 0.1 cm by 2.6 ± 0.1 cm. All defects were successfully covered intraoperatively using the lateral nasal wall extension of the NSF. Two patients developed mild eyelid edema, whereas 1 individual had no noticeable swelling (SPREE classification 2, 2, and 1). All patients were successfully sealed at last clinical follow up (average 28 weeks).
Conclusion
The modification of the NSF described here provides excellent coverage for reconstruction of large anterior skull‐base defects and simultaneous medial orbital wall defects.
Effects of Nd content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gravity cast Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-0.8Mg alloys are reported. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been used to ...quantitatively examine the microstructural changes at different Nd contents. It is found that adding 0.2% Nd to the as-cast Al-12Si-4Cu-2Ni-0.8Mg alloys has little influence on tensile properties at ambient temperature, but improves them at elevated temperature. The optimal UTS is 118.5 MPa at 300 °C and 74.2 MPa at 350 °C. It is due to the disappearance of the unstable phases at high temperature such as θ-Al2Cu, γ-Al7Cu4Ni and parts of Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and formation of the high melting block-like Nd-containing phases.
•Adding 0.2% Nd to alloy has little influence on tensile properties at 25 °C.•Adding 0.2% Nd to alloy improve the tensile properties beyond 300 °C.•Nd results in the disappearance of the unstable phases at high temperature.•The morphologies of Nd-containing phases changes with Nd increases.
Abstract
The MODOMICS database has been, since 2006, a manually curated and centralized resource, storing and distributing comprehensive information about modified ribonucleosides. Originally, it ...only contained data on the chemical structures of modified ribonucleosides, their biosynthetic pathways, the location of modified residues in RNA sequences, and RNA-modifying enzymes. Over the years, prompted by the accumulation of new knowledge and new types of data, it has been updated with new information and functionalities. In this new release, we have created a catalog of RNA modifications linked to human diseases, e.g., due to mutations in genes encoding modification enzymes. MODOMICS has been linked extensively to RCSB Protein Data Bank, and sequences of experimentally determined RNA structures with modified residues have been added. This expansion was accompanied by including nucleotide 5′-monophosphate residues. We redesigned the web interface and upgraded the database backend. In addition, a search engine for chemically similar modified residues has been included that can be queried by SMILES codes or by drawing chemical molecules. Finally, previously available datasets of modified residues, biosynthetic pathways, and RNA-modifying enzymes have been updated. Overall, we provide users with a new, enhanced, and restyled tool for research on RNA modification. MODOMICS is available at https://iimcb.genesilico.pl/modomics/.
PDF
