Fermented plant extract (FPE) is a plant functional food which originates from Japan. FPEs use various plants as materials, and they are fermented by various microorganisms to make a beverage or ...other physical forms. With plenty of nutrients and active substance, FPE provides many health benefits.
In this review, we present a brief summary of the recent research progresses in traditional and modern FPE products, including microorganisms used, manufacturing technology, bioactive substances and health benefits.
FPE has many benefits to human, not only to health but also to industry, and other aspects. The development prospects of FPE products has great potential.
•The use of microorganisms in traditional and modern FPEs differs a lot because of different fermentation process.•Numerous bioactive substances have been found in FPEs, which makes the product have more functions.•With large quantities and types of bioactive substances, FPE products display numerous health benefits.
In this study, the fermentation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with a series of probiotics was investigated using optimization to enhance good flavor and remove deodorization from the ...high-yield protein Chlorella. Bacillus velezensis SW-37 was screened for their deodorizing and proteolytic activity on C. pyrenoidosa. The ideal fermentation conditions were determined as pH value of 9.30, liquid-to-material ratio of 8.80 mL/g, inoculum concentration of 10%, fermentation time of 24 h, and temperature of 37 °C. Under the optimized conditions, the protein extraction rate of C. pyrenoidosa reached 61.20%, and the hydrolysis rate of the protein reached 56.96%. Compared to unfermented C. pyrenoidosa (unFC), the number of volatiles was reduced from 30 to 24. In addition, aromatic substances such as isophorone, 3-methyl-p-anisaldehyde, and fumaric acid were produced to improve the flavor of fermented C. pyrenoidosa (FC) products. This study provided an effective fermentation method for improving the flavor of Chlorella and obtaining high-yield protein, which was expected to contribute to the development of Chlorella protein in various fields of the food industry.
•The optimal fermentation condition for obtaining high protein yields is provided.•Bacillus velezensis SW-37 is a good strain for fermenting Chlorella pyrenoidosa.•Fermentation endows Chlorella pyrenoidosa with higher nutritional properties.•Fermentation improves protein extraction and flavor of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Display omitted
•Rosmarinic acid was the main phenolic acid in extracts from basil and lemon balm.•Foliar applied chitosan lactate enhanced the accumulation of bioactive substances.•Chitosan lactate ...augmented the activity of antioxidant enzymes.•Chitosan lactate can stimulate photosynthesis and plant growth.
An increase in the content of secondary metabolites in herbal plants is desirable due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. Therefore, the effects of foliar spray of 100 mg/L or 500 mg/L of chitosan lactate (ChL) on the accumulation of selected phenolics and physiological parameters of basil and lemon balm were investigated. In basil, the concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA) increased after application of 100 mg/L of ChL. In turn, in lemon balm both ChL concentrations increased the accumulation of RA and anthocyanins, while the level of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was elevated only at the dose of 100 mg/L of ChL. Elicitation of basil with 500 mg/L of ChL increased the shoot biomass. Therefore, such an elicitor as ChL can enhance the accumulation of valuable phytochemicals in Lamiaceae species. This simple and non-laborious method can be used for elicitation of herbal plants in production of functional food.
Background and Objective:
The cellular microenvironment, diet, and lifestyle play a key role in the occurrence of colorectal cancer. Due to its rising trend, attempts are being made to devise novel ...biointerventions as adjunct to conventional therapies to prevent this deadly disease. “Metabiotics,” the beneficial metabolic signatures of probiotics are emerging as potential anticancer agent due to their ability to alter metabolic processes in the gut lumen and reduce the severity of colon carcinogenesis. Although beneficial attributes of metabiotics have been elucidated
in vitro
, yet their anticancer mechanism
in vivo
needs to be explored. Thus, the present study was performed to envisage anticancer potential of metabiotic extract obtained from indigenous probiotic,
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
MD 14, in early experimental colon carcinogenesis.
Materials and Methods:
Sprague–Dawley rats were daily administered with low, medium, and high dose of metabiotic extract orally along with a single dose of weekly intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine up to 6 weeks and monitored for the markers of early colon carcinogenesis.
Results:
It was observed that the medium dose of metabiotic extract attenuated early colon carcinogenesis by reducing fecal procarcinogenic enzymes, oxidants, aberrant crypt foci, vis-à-vis downregulating oncogenes K-ras, β-catenin, Cox-2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulating tumor suppressor p53 gene leading to almost normal colon histology.
Conclusions:
It can be suggested that metabiotics modulate experimental colorectal cancer and could be used as a promising alternative of probiotics, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
The ancient traditional Chinese drink Bian-Que Triple-Bean Soup made by fermentation (FTBS) of
subsp
YM313 and
YQ336 is a potential functional drink. The effect of fermentation on the flavor and ...biological activity of FTBS was evaluated by analyzing its chemical composition. Five volatile flavors were detected in modified FTBS. Fermentation decreased the proportion of nonanal (beany flavor substances) but significantly increased the total flavone contents, phenol contents and many bioactive small molecule substances in FTBS. The changes of these substances led to the significant improvement of FTBS sensory evaluation, antioxidant activity and prebiotic potential. This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the fermentation of edible plant-based foods and transformation from traditional food to industrial production.
Studies have shown that a lot of traditional Chinese medicines could improve the immunity of the body. Dangdi oral liquid (DDO) was mainly composed of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui), ...Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Dihuang), Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Niuxi), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Gancao). In this study, the rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was used to identify the potentially effective compounds of DDO. Then the immune activity of DDO was measured by lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytic function, NK cell activity, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, hemolytic plaque number, sIgA content and immune organ index. The results showed that a total of 51 compounds were identified. In addition, DDO could significantly promote the lymphocyte proliferation, improve macrophage phagocytic ability, NK cell activity, hemolytic plaque number, sIgA content and immune organ index compared with control group, and the medium dose possessed the best efficacy (P＜0.05). These results indicated that DDO could enhance the immunity of mice.
With the ecological crisis and serious problems of marine biofouling, the bionic antifouling strategy of natural organisms is explored for the construction of antifouling coating and replacement of ...the traditional toxic antifouling coating. In this work, inspired by Laminaria japonica's ability to inhibit marine fouling by the combination with physical micromorphology, chemical composition and bioactive substances, a novel PDMS-based antifouling coating with multiple synergistic antifouling properties is fabricated by layer by layer (LbL) self-assembly method. Firstly, the natural active substance (capsaicin) is introduced into the nanocapsule by the microemulsion method (CAP@CS). Subsequently, the nanocapsules are stably deposited on PDMS surface modified by the guanidine-hexamethylenediamine-PEI / sodium alginate (GHPEI/ALG)*n films through LbL assembly method to prepare the (GHPEI/ALG-CAP@CS-x)*n films with multiple antifouling properties. Our study indicates that this biomimetic surface has excellent antifouling ability against bacteria (99.2 ± 0.6 %) and diatoms (0.08 ± 0.05 %), which proves the great potential applications of this synergistic antifouling strategy demonstrated in marine engineering in the future.
Herein this paper is inspired by the antifouling performance of Laminaria japonica, the morphology of it is reproduced by moulding process, and then the nanocapsules (CAP@CS) containing bioactive substances (capsaicin) are deposited on the structured PDMS surface by layer-by-layer assembly method to form (GHPEI/ALG-CAP@CS-x)*n films. The bionic surface combined with physical, chemical and biological antifouling strategies shows multiple synergistic antifouling properties. Display omitted
•Materials utilize the multiple synergistic effects of physical morphology, chemical composition and bioactive substances;•Capsaicin@chitosan nanocapsules containing natural active substances are prepared by microemulsion polymerization;•The microstructure surface of Laminaria japonica is reproduced using molding process;•The biomimetic microstructure surface is prepared by layer-by-layer assembly method;•Biomimetic materials have excellent antifouling ability of anti-diatom and antibacterial.
Chinese dwarf cherry (Cerasus humilis) is a wild fruit tree and medicinal plant endemic to China. Its fruits are rich in various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which ...contribute greatly to their high antioxidant capacity. In this study, the contents of bioactive substances (chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total flavonoids, and total phenols), antioxidant capacities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS+) scavenging ability, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) in differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits of four varieties were determined and compared. The results revealed that anthocyanin, total flavonoids and total phenols were the three main components responsible for the antioxidant activity of C. humilis fruits. ‘Jinou No.1’ fruits with dark red peel and red flesh had the highest contents of anthocyanin, total flavonoids, and total phenols, as well as the highest antioxidant capacities; ‘Nongda No.5’ fruits with yellow-green peel and yellow flesh had the highest contents of carotenoids and chlorophyll, while ‘Nongda No.6’ fruit had the highest ascorbic acid content. To further reveal the molecular mechanism underlying differences in the accumulation of carotenoids and flavonoids among differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits, the expression patterns of structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two compounds were investigated. Correlation analysis results revealed that the content of carotenoids in C. humilis fruits was very significantly positively correlated with the expression of the ChCHYB, ChZEP, ChVDE, ChNSY, ChCCD1, ChCCD4, ChNCED1, and ChNCED5 genes (p < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ChZDS (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin content was very significantly positively correlated with ChCHS, ChFLS, and ChUFGT expression (p < 0.01). The total flavonoid content was very significantly positively correlated with the expression of ChCHS, ChUFGT, and ChC4H (p < 0.01) and significantly positively correlated with ChFLS expression (p < 0.05). This study can provide a basis for understanding the differences in the accumulation of bioactive substances, and is helpful for clarifying the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of various carotenoids and flavonoids among differentially pigmented C. humilis fruits.
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season in Indian in 2006 to study the effects of foliar applications of different concentrations of seaweed extract (prepared from ...Kappaphycus alvarezii) on nutrient uptake, growth and yield of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. grown under rainfed conditions without the application of chemical fertilizers. The foliar spray was applied twice at seven concentrations (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5 and 15% v/v) of seaweed extract. Foliar applications of seaweed extract significantly enhanced yield parameters. The highest grain yield was recorded with applications of 15% seaweed extract, followed by 12.5% seaweed extract that resulted in 57% and 46% increases respectively compared to the control. The maximum straw yield was also achieved with 15% seaweed extract application. Improved nutrient uptake (N, P, K and S) was also observed with seaweed extract applications. Thus, under rainfed soybean production, foliar applications of seaweed extracts could be a promising option for yield enhancement.
ABSTRACT Fruits are highly susceptible to quality deterioration and spoilage during postharvest storage. Edible coating emerges as an effective strategy to prolong the postharvest life of fruit and ...enhance their quality during storage. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a polysaccharide derivative widely applied in various industries due to its excellent barrier and mechanical properties. CMC has been utilized as an edible coating material for postharvest preservation of fruit for many years. Ongoing research is centred on the development of composite films by integrating CMC with natural biopolymers or potential active agents to augment their functionality in postharvest fruit preservation. This review consolidates findings on composite coatings of CMC combined with various materials for fruit storage and preservation, shedding light on the challenges associated with such composite coatings.
PDF
