The article systematizes information about the sources of β-glucan, its technological functions and practical aspects of its use in dairy and milk-based products. According to the analysis of ...scientific information, the main characteristics of β-glucan classifications were considered: the source of origin, chemical structure, and methods of obtention. It has been established that the most popular in the food technology of dairy products are β-glucans from oat and barley cereal, which exhibit pronounced technological functions in the composition of dairy products (gel formation, high moisture-binding capacity, increased yield of finished products, formation of texture, and original sensory indicators). The expediency of using β-glucan from yeast and mushrooms as a source of biologically active substances that ensure the functional orientation of the finished product has been revealed. For the first time, information on the use of β-glucan of various origins in the most common groups of dairy and milk-based products has been systematized. The analytical review has scientific and practical significance for scientists and specialists in the field of food production, in particular dairy products of increased nutritional value.
A plethora of research studies show that beetroot is a rich source of alkaline minerals and promising bioactive substances with positive health benefits. In contrast, beetroot is also well known for ...its high nitrate content, which is linked to adverse health effects. The process of cultivating beetroot was modified to include fertilization with biochar that contained elevated levels of sodium salt (antagonists of potassium). The obtained data indicates that the biochar in combination with sodium led to the transformation of mineral nitrogen into soil organic matter, thereby reducing the nitrate content in the beetroot. This finding has a significant economic impact because it allows raw beetroot intake to increase, or respectively postpones the negative health implications associated with nitrate intake. In addition to increased yields (by 2.4 t ha−1), it was confirmed that biochar has the potential to increase the water retention capacity of the topsoil.
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•Application of biochar improves activity of soil biota and water management of topsoil.•Higher activity of soil biota turns mineral nitrogen into immobilized organic forms.•Fertilization with sodium reduced nitrate intake into beetroot.
Abstract Bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp. present the potential for inhibiting various pathogens, making them a promising starting point in the search for new antimicrobial substances. In this ...study, bacteria were isolated from sediment samples from humid areas of a Natural Conservation Unit in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The isolate Bacillus sp. sed 1.4 was selected for production of antimicrobial activity, and was characterized by MALDI-TOF and 16S rDNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bacillus sed 1.4 was closely related to Bacillus altitudinis and Bacillus pumilus. The cell-free supernatant was partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200) and an ultrafiltration membrane. Partial purification resulted in specific activity of 769.23 AU/mg, with a molecular mass of approximately 148 kDa. This antimicrobial substance showed stability at 100°C for 5 min, and was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes. An antimicrobial effect against Listeria species was observed. Considering the importance of the Listeria genus in the area of food safety, this antimicrobial activity should be further explored, specifically in the field of dairy products and with a focus on food biopreservation studies.
Ginseng roots, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, obtained from cultivated ginseng grown in the Kaesong province (North Korea) and Primorye (Russia) were extracted using the supercritical CO2 extraction ...method. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry identification. The results showed the spectral peaks of typical ginsenosides with some other minor groups, and major differences were observed between the spectra of the two ginseng samples. The use of a pressure of 400 bar and higher allowed an increase in the yield of ginsenosides in comparison with similar previous studies
Resumen En la actualidad, la industria alimentaria da prioridad a la seguridad y calidad de los productos, enfrentándose al desafío de mantener la integridad sensorial y nutricional. Para abordar ...este desafío, se vienen explorando tecnologías no térmicas emergentes que ofrecen ventajas significativas en la mejora de la calidad de los alimentos frente a las tecnologías convencionales. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión integral de cómo estas tecnologías innovadoras pueden transformar el panorama tradicional del procesamiento de alimentos tal como lo conocemos. Las tecnologías no térmicas tienen el potencial de reducir el consumo de energía destinado a la producción, procesamiento y envasado de alimentos, en comparación con los tratamientos térmicos convencionales. Además, estas tecnologías son particularmente adecuadas para preservar eficientemente los compuestos bioactivos presentes en los alimentos. En esta revisión se describen los principios fundamentales, aplicaciones, ventajas y limitaciones de las tecnologías emergentes en el procesamiento de alimentos. En estas tecnologías se incluyen, campo eléctrico pulsado, ultrasonido, plasma frío, alta presión, irradiación, diodos emisores de luz, luz pulsada y campos magnéticos oscilantes. A pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios respecto al tema, se requiere mayor investigación para optimizar y mejorar la eficiencia de la aplicación de estas tecnologías, solas o en combinación, en el procesamiento de alimentos. La bioaccesibilidad y bioactividad de los compuestos, el valor nutricional, la vida útil y los aspectos sensoriales pueden ser variables de interés.
In the present study, the potential of waste fish scales for obtaining a valuable bioactive material was evaluated. Acid soluble collagen from golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) scales was isolated ...and characterized successfully. Proximate composition, denaturation temperature, Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), amino acid composition, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), antioxidant and antimicrobial activity analyses were performed for the extraction of collagen and extracted collagen was compared with commercial collagen. As a result, an alternative and useful source for mammalian collagen for the industrial applications like food and cosmetics was extracted from the fish scale waste material, which may help mitigate the management of natural wastes or environmental problems.
Bu çalışmada değerli bir biyoaktif materyal elde etmek amacıyla atık balık pullarının potensiyali incelenmiştir. Altınbaş kefal (Chelon auratus) pullarından asitte çözünür kollajen izole edilerek karakterize edilmiştir. Ekstrakte edilen kollajenin besin kompozisyonu, denatürasyon sıcaklığı, Sodyum dodesil sülfat jel elektroforezi (SDS-PAGE), amino asit bileşimi, Taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve Enerji dağılımlı X‑ışınları spektrometre (SEM-EDS), Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektrofotometre (FTIR), Termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivite analizleri yapılarak ticari kollajenle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, balık pulu atıklarından, doğal atıkların veya çevre sorunlarının yönetimine katkı sağlayacak, memeli kollajenine alternatif, gıda ve kozmetik gibi endüstriyel alanlarda kullanılabilecek bir kaynak elde edilmiştir.
Grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer) is a popular edible mushroom in Thailand due to its high nutritional and medicinal benefits. This study aims to study the effects of ...temperature (100–140 °C), pressure (4–7 bar), and extraction time (20–60 min) on the extraction of crude polysaccharides with environmentally friendly pressurized hot water. The extraction conditions were optimized by the maximize yield using response surface method based on a central composite design (CCD). The temperature was the main factor affecting the increase in the extracted yield. The optimum extraction conditions were 140 °C, 10 bar, and 26.79 min, with a corresponding yield of 31.31 ± 2.55%. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content of crude polysaccharides was 401 ± 8.24 mg GAE/g dry mushroom. In addition, the total glucan content was indicated as 34.50 ± 1.79 g/100 g dry mushroom, which was separated as 32.47 ± 1.95 mg/100 g of β-glucans and 2.04 ± 0.98 mg/100 g of α-glucans.
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•Possibilities and strategies of rationality use of sapropels are shown.•Extraction of bioactive substances from sapropel by supercritical CO2 is suggested.•Treatment by supercritical ...CO2 largely improves further sapropels conversion.•Solid residues after CO2 extraction are used to obtain carbon-mineral materials.
An integrated approach to the processing of sapropel with the use of supercritical CO2 extraction of bioactive substances with carbon dioxide at the first step of the process is discussed. The dependences of the yield and composition of extracts (8−35 MPa, 50 °C) and features of sapropel are established. Further carbonization of the solid residue remaining after extraction results in organic-rich products (phenol and its mono, dialkyl and methoxy derivatives, hydrocarbons C14-C22) and carbon-mineral materials with a total pore volume of 0.681–1.211 cm3 g−1. It was found that the introduction of the initial stage of treatment with supercritical CO2 allows not only extracting valuable amino acids, but also affects the yield, composition and properties of liquid and solid sapropel transformation products at subsequent stages of heat treatment.
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world and has become an urgent problem for global public health. Bioactive substances are widely used for the treatment of ...liver cancer due to their widespread availability and reduced side effects. This review summarizes the main pathogenic factors involved in the development of liver cancer, including metabolic fatty liver disease, viral infection, and alcoholic cirrhosis, and focuses on the mechanism of action of bioactive components such as polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenols, peptides, and active bacteria/fungi. In addition, we also summarize transformation methods, combined therapy and modification of bioactive substances to improve the treatment efficiency against liver cancer, highlighting new ideas in this field.
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