Abstract The 2018 African swine fever (ASF) outbreak highlighted the importance of biosecurity in food production systems. Despite the significant economic impacts, the sociopsychological ...consequences on decision-making have been overlooked. Previous studies have focused on algebraic models and simulation-based models without considering the complex psychological and social factors that influence farmers' biosecurity behaviors and decision-making processes. This study aims to classify livestock producers into distinct subgroups based on their attitudes towards biosecurity. We conducted a survey presenting producers with three scenarios to assess their willingness to report suspected ASF cases, trust in government agencies, risk perception, biosecurity knowledge, willingness to purchase livestock insurance, motivation to invest in biosecurity, readiness to report suspected infections, and intention to contact a veterinarian. Using latent class analysis, we identified three distinct classes: Biosecurity Sceptics, Biosecurity Compliant, and Biosecurity Ultra-Compliant. Our results show that producer characteristics significantly influence biosecurity attitudes and class membership, with small-scale producers less likely to adopt ultra-compliant biosecurity practices. Attending at least one eradication program encouraged biosecurity compliance. This research informs the design of targeted food policy and risk communication strategies that account for attitudes of livestock producers to encourage biosecurity adoption and reduce the likelihood of Tier 1 disease incursion.
This article presents a simulation model of the effect of the COVID-19 Biosafety protocol in the Queues for the return to face-to-face classes as a basis for the return of educational activities. The ...restrictive measures to face the COVID-19 pandemic, greatly affected the normality of the development of activities carried out in higher education, constituting a great challenge since the measures and conditions of return and access to institutions are different from what was previously carried out before the pandemic. The objective of this article is to carry out a simulation of queues through SIMIO (Logistics process simulation software), where the number of students expected per day and the average entry times are taken into account to adjust them to an exponential distribution, from this information loaded into the simulation it is They will determine if the times increase or decrease taking into account the theory of queues and conditions presented in the study such as the probability distribution of the times of each of the processes involved in the process of accessing the University facilities.
The Biosecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China is the first basic, comprehensive, systematic, and overarching law of biosecurity in China, involving biosecurity risks, national biosecurity ...governance, and systems for minimizing the biosecurity threats. This article elaborates on the formulation, content, features, and significance of the law, and provides an outlook for its evolution.
Since COVID-19 affects tourism globally, understanding what influences biosecurity behaviour is essential. However, few theoretically conceptualized studies have been conducted on COVID-19 ...biosecurity travel behaviour. To fill this gap, this study built and tested a comprehensive research model that includes non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), psychological and financial resilience, and biosecurity behaviour, along with four moderators. Results reveal that NPIs have a great effect on biosecurity behaviour and the four moderators partially differentiate international travel behaviour, suggesting substantial theoretical and practical implications for tourism-related biosecurity practices.
This book examines social processes that have contributed to growing pesticide use, with a particular focus on the role governments play in urban aerial pesticide spraying operations. Beyond being ...applied to sparsely populated farmland, pesticides have been increasingly used in densely populated urban environments, and when faced with invasive species, governments have resorted to large-scale aerial pesticide spraying operations in urban areas. This book focuses on New Zealand's 2002–2004 pesticide campaign to eradicate the Painted Apple Moth, which is the largest operation of its kind in world history, whether we consider its duration (29 months), its scope (at its peak the spraying zone was 10,632 hectares/26,272 acres), the number of sprayings that were administered (the pesticide was administered on 60 different days), or the number of people exposed to the spraying (190,000+). This book provides an in-depth understanding of the social processes that contributed to the incursion, why the government sought to eradicate the moth through aerial pesticide spraying, the ideological strategies they used to build and maintain public support, and why those strategies were effective. Urban Aerial Pesticide Spraying Campaigns will be of great interest to students and researchers of pesticides, environmental sociology, environmental history, environmental studies, political ecology, geography, medical sociology, and science and technology studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Colletotrichum is a genus of major plant pathogens causing anthracnose diseases in many plant crops worldwide. The genus comprises a highly diverse group of pathogens that infect a wide range of ...plant hosts. The life styles of Colletotrichum species can be broadly categorised as necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic, latent or quiescent and endophytic; of which hemibiotrophic is the most common. The differences in life style depend on the Colletotrichum species, the host species, the physiological maturity of the host and environmental conditions. Thus, the genus Colletotrichum provides a unique opportunity for analysing different life style patterns and features underlying a diverse range of plant–pathogen interactions. This review describes the various modes of life styles of Colletotrichum species, the underlying mechanisms of infection and colonisation, and implications the life styles have for plant biosecurity. Knowledge of life styles of Colletotrichum species will enable the development of improved diagnostics and application of integrated disease control methods to mitigate the risk of incursion of exotic Colletotrichum species.
This study assessed potential risk factors associated with introduction of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) into dairy cattle herds in the Galicia region, northwestern Spain. The study ...was carried out with data collected from 93 dairies enrolled in a voluntary MAP control program. Information on potential risk factors was obtained through personal interviews with the farmers and veterinarians in charge of the control program of each farm. In addition, blood samples were taken annually over 2 years from cows on the farms in the program, and analyzed with a commercial ELISA to detect antibodies to MAP. Fecal samples of all ELISA-positive cows were analyzed using PCR. Based on χ2 test and Fisher's exact test, purchase practices, shared manure truck, shared materials, and visitors per month who contacted animals were found to be significantly associated with farm MAP infection status. Multiple logistic regression indicated that purchase practices and herd size (included as a potential confounder) are the variables that best predict MAP status.
The present study was conducted to investigate the internal and external biosecurity levels and their association with Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler farms in Khartoum State, Sudan. ...Sixty-six broiler farms were selected. A questionnaire of 77 questions on internal and external biosecurity measures was administered during each farm visit. A total of 360 blood samples were collected and used for serological examination to detect antibodies against M. gallisepticum. The overall score of biosecurity was 0.57, and the average score of internal biosecurity (0.75) was higher (p < /em><0.01) than the average score of external biosecurity (0.51). Poor internal biosecurity practices were observed in 23.4% of broiler farms, whereas most farms (93.6%) recorded poor external biosecurity. A significant (p < /em><0.01) positive correlation was encountered between the external biosecurity and the number of houses (0.62), as well as the number of workers (rs= 0.54). Both internal and external biosecurity displayed significant positive correlations with the number of birds (rs= 0.64, 0.35; p < /em>< 0.05). Fifty percent of the farms were positive for M. gallisepticum. The disease incidence correlated positively with the spread of manure on neighboring farms (rs= 0.44, p < /em><0.05). A negative correlation was observed between the presence of Mycoplasma and the distance between farms (rs= -0.50, p < /em><0.01) as well as farm enclosure (rs= -0.44, p < /em><0.05). It is concluded that broiler farms in Khartoum State exhibited low biosecurity measures and a high seroprevalence of M. gallisepticum infection. Further efforts are necessary to improve external biosecurity practices.
•This paper identified several biosecurity frameworks and mitigations in Tanzania's terrestrial crops that could be adapted for seaweeds.•It is pivotal for Tanzania to build a network and ...collaboration with other seaweed-producing countries and international organisations such as the network they have for terrestrial crops.•It is essential to have a biosecurity framework, specifically including seaweed and following the existing frameworks for terrestrial crops.•There is need for further studies to deepen the understanding of both the pathogen and abiotic factors affecting biosecurity in the seaweed industry in Tanzania.
A decline in seaweed production in Tanzania is attributed to a rising prevalence of pathogens that have subsequently reduced the quantity and commercial value of the crop. This constraint has led to severe socio-economic implications for the seaweed industry, threatening the livelihoods of tens of thousands of farmers. Despite the growing demands for seaweed biomass and its significant economic benefits for low- and mid-income earners, the fundamental development of seaweed aquaculture lags far behind that of terrestrial agriculture in terms of biosecurity and technology of production practices.
This paper highlights the biosecurity mitigation measures implemented in the agricultural sector in Tanzania that could be adapted to the seaweed cultivation industry: the use of disease-resistant seedlings; use of fertilizer; site selection; quarantine; preferential selection; pruning; timing of planting; crop rotation; intercropping and pathogen surveillance. These mitigations supported by biosecurity legislation and policies would contribute to increasing production yields and greater economic returns for the seaweed farmers.
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