Background: Adipose tissue contains complex populations of large and small adipocytes. Changes in fat cell size (FCS) distribution with weight loss are unclear, especially with regards to small ...adipocytes. The aim was to evaluate changes in FCS distribution in two depots following weight loss and determine the association with fat mass loss and anthropometrics. Methods: Healthy adult volunteers (6 men/4 women; Age 33 ± 11 years; BMI 35 ± 6 kg/m2) underwent DXA and subcutaneous abdominal and thigh fat biopsies before and after 6 weeks of 50% inpatient caloric restriction. Osmium-fixed adipocytes were sized with a Coulter counter. Cell size distributions were fit to nonlinear regression to obtain peak large cell diameter (LCD), nadir diameter (midpoint between large and small populations), and percentage of small cell (cells with diameter < nadir diameter). Results: Fat mass, waist and thigh circumferences decreased (Д = -4.0 kg, Д = -8.1 cm, and Д = -3.8 cm, p's < .0001). Abdominal LCD (Д = -13.2 |im, p = 0.01) and nadir (Д = -7.3 |im, p = 0.03) also decreased. In repeated measures correlation accounting for cell sizes before and after weight loss, abdominal LCD and nadir were associated with fat mass loss (rrm = 0.68, p = 0.02; rrm = 0.63, p = 0.04) and decrease in waist circumference (rrm = 0.70, p = 0.02; rrm = 0.60, p = 0.05). There was a borderline decrease in thigh LCD and nadir (Д = -5.5 im, p = 0.09; Д = -6.1 im, p = 0.11). Thigh LCD and nadir were associated with fat mass loss (rrm = 0.66, p = 0.03; rrm = 062., p = 0.04) but not change in thigh circumference. Percentage of small cells did not change in either depot and was not associated with changes in fat mass. Conclusions: Caloric restriction reduces adipocyte LCD and nadir. These changes are associated with fat mass loss. As waist circumference decreases, abdominal LCD and nadir decreases in tandem. Changes in percent of small cells were not seen. This indicates that larger fat cells should be considered as phenotypic targets for weight loss.
En cada deporte es importante optimizar peso y composición corporal y la genética y los datos antropométricos pueden influir en rendimiento deportivo y salud, sobre todo en deportistas menores.
Este ...estudio analiza 60 nadadoras artísticas entre 9 y 17 años, divididas en tres grupos de edad: ?12, 13-15 y 16-17 años. Se realizó un análisis de medidas antropométricas, edad de menarquia, genotipo relacionado con rendimiento (gen ACTN3) y resultados deportivos, con objetivo de relacionar estos parámetros entre sí en los grupos de edad.
Las nadadoras de mayor edad mostraron tendencia a portar el genotipo heterocigoto RX de ACTN3. En este estudio, la práctica de este deporte podría tener impacto en índice de masa corporal, pliegue tricipital, peso y edad de menarquia. La mayor prevalencia del genotipo heterocigoto ACTN3 R577X podría ofrecer una ventaja, pero el rendimiento en competición de las nadadoras artísticas tuvo poca relación con sus medidas antropométricas.
Durante la temporada 2017-2018 y siguiendo el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría, se evaluó la composición corporal el somatotipo y proporcionalidad de 25 ...jugadoras españolas de elite de 15-18 años (15,48 ± 1,05). El porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) analizado por antropometría estuvo en un rango de 14,21% - 17,30 % y mediante BIA entre 24,20%-29,63%. La menor adiposidad correspondió a jugadoras de banda y la mayor a porteras y delanteras. El somatotipo medio fue 3,67-4,10-1,90 para el conjunto de la muestra; En la categoría sub-18 (3,10-4,33-1,82) la dispersión somatotípica fue menor y la mesomorfia mayor que en la categoría Sub 16 (3,20-3,97-1,95). En análisis de proporcionalidad, mostro que las jugadoras, sobre todo las Sub18, presentan menores pliegues subcutáneos y mayores perímetros en la extremidad inferior que el modelo Phantom.
Introduction Sole reliance on body mass index (BMI) as an indirect measure of obesity may lead to imprecise predictions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk. Adding an indirect measurement of fat ...distribution, such as neck circumference (NC), may be insufficient for improving sensitivity. A simple method without measuring blood pressure might be useful in remote locations. We compared anthropometric ratios to determine if they alone predicted the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) or could be replacement variables for the NC item in the alternative scoring of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire (SBQ). Methods Eighty-six participants with anthropometric measurements from the ongoing Assessing Daily Activities Patterns through occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study were included. We evaluated the following ratios: neck-stature ratio (NSR), neck-wrist ratio (NWR), and the waist-stature ratio (WSR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses evaluated each ratio’s ability to predict AHI≥15 and AHI≥30. We further evaluated the SBQ’s ability to predict AHI≥15 and AHI≥30 with each ratio subsequently replacing the NC item in the SBQ. Each ratio was dichotomized at the mean, with a score of 1 being greater than the mean in lieu of the NC item. Results Mean age was 40.2 (40% male), and mean BMI was 30.2 kg/m2. The mean NCs were 40.2 cm for males and 35.1 cm for females. The ROCs for the NSR, NWR, WSR, and SBQ predicting AHI≥15 were 0.72, 0.71, 0.59, and 0.64, respectively (p=.22), and were 0.57, 0.57, 0.47, and 0.56, respectively (p=.017), predicting AHI≥30. When each ratio replaced NC in the SBQ, ROCs were 0.70, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.64, respectively (p=.45), predicting AHI≥15 and 0.51, 0.54, 0.49, and 0.55, respectively (p=.08), predicting AHI≥30. Conclusion Anthropometric ratios that relate NC to body frame, NSR and NWR, performed similarly to the SBQ when predicting AHI ≥30. The simple alternative scoring with NSR and NWR replacing NC performed similarly in SBQ prediction. The NSR and NWR may have useful application in remote areas. Support (If Any) 1R01HL117995-01A1
Introducción: caracterizar los deportistas es fundamental. En fútbol profesional se efectúa, aunque no de forma estandarizada. Esta investigación es la primera fase de un modelo de evaluación y ...seguimiento. Objetivo: describir el perfil de las variables del control biomédico y deportivo en un equipo de futbolistas profesionales. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 32 futbolistas. Variables agrupadas en: 1) identificación; 2) antecedentes deportivos; 3) antropométricas; 4) monitoreo del entrenamiento; 5) fuerza; 6) GPS. Las mediciones se efectuaron según protocolo estandarizado. Se presentan las medias y desviaciones estándar (DE), medianas y rango intercuartíl (RIQ), y frecuencias relativas. En componentes claves se efectúan análisis por posición de juego. Resultados: la edad media fue 24,0 + or - 4,6. El tiempo como profesional fue de 5,5 años. Las lesiones ligamentarias y musculares fueron los antecedentes más comunes con 31,5 % y 22,9 %, respectivamente; el 71,0 % ocurrieron en competencia. Los arqueros y delanteros tuvieron mayores porcentajes de masa adiposa. Defensas y volantes presentaron las mayores distancias recorridas con 64.560 y 64.386 metros, respectivamente. Los defensas y delanteros alcanzaron las mayores frecuencias de sprint (>27km/h). Los mayores desequilibrios de fuerza lo registraron los arqueros (50 % rodilla izquierda), seguidos de un 33,0 % en los volantes. Se evidenció alta heterogeneidad en los valores de creatina quinasa (CPK). Conclusión: un modelo estandarizado e interdisciplinario permite determinar el estado nutricional y antecedentes, monitorizar la carga y perfil de juego, evaluar los desequilibrios y marcadores de sobrecarga muscular; con miras a reducir el riesgo de lesiones y aumentar el rendimiento. Characterization of the biomedical and sports profile in professional soccer players Introduction: Characterizing athletes is essential. In professional soccer it is done, although not in a standardized way. This research is the first phase of an evaluation and monitoring model. Objective: To describe the profile of the variables of biomedical and sports control in a team of professional soccer players. Methods: Descriptive study in 32 soccer players. Variables were grouped in: 1) identification; 2) sports background; 3) anthropometry; 4) training monitoring; 5) strength; 6) GPS. Measurements were made according to standardized protocol. The means and standard deviations (SD), medians and interquartile range (IQR) and relative frequencies are presented. Analysis by playing position is carried out on key components. Results: The mean age was 24.0 + or - 4.6. The time as a professional was 5.5 years. Ligament and muscle injuries were the most common antecedents with 31.5% and 22.9%, respectively; 71.0% occurred in competition. Goalkeepers and forwards had higher percentages of fat mass. Defenders and midfielders had the longest distances covered with 64.560 and 64.386 meters, respectively. Defenders and forwards reached the highest sprint frequencies (>27km /h). The greatest strength imbalances were recorded by goalkeepers (50% left knee), followed by 33.0% in midfielders. High heterogeneity was evidenced in creatine kinase (CPK) values. Conclusion: A standardized and interdisciplinary model allows determining nutritional status and antecedents, monitoring load and playing profile, evaluating imbalances and muscle overload markers; with the aim of reducing the risk of injury and increasing performance.
Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates heat and secretes anti- i nflammatory cytokines, known as BATkines, and is a potential strategy for promoting cardiometabolic health. A recent study ...demonstrated that BAT contributes to the utilization of certain serum amino acids (AAs), such as valine and leucine, which are known as branchedchain AAs (BCAAs), especially in subjects with high BAT following 2 hours of cold exposure. We hypothesized that the plasma AA profile would correlate with total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region (total-Hbsup) measured by near- i nfrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRtrs), and be a practical biomarker in the clinical setting. Therefore, in this study, we examined the relationship between the plasma AA profile under thermoneutral conditions (normal room temperature) and NIRTRS-determined BAT density (BAT-d) in a large-scale sample of both men and women. Methods: One hundred Seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22-68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total-Hbsup, an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using NIRtrs. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (>74 pM) or lower (<74 pM) total-Hbsup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. Results: When adjusted for the false discovery rate, total-Hbsup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, P = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, P = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, P = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, P = 0.020), respectively. Conclusions: A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for high and low BAT-d.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de una muestra internacional de jugadores de pádel de alto nivel de ambos sexos. ...En el estudio participaron 29 jugadores (15 varones y 14 mujeres) de categoría absoluta. Un total de 16 variables antropométricas fueron evaluadas. Se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en las variables masa, talla e IMC (p<0,001); en los pliegues tricipital, muslo, pierna (p<0,001) y en el sumatorio de 6 pliegues; en los perímetros brazo, muslo (p<0,001) y pierna (p<0,03); y en todos los diámetros analizados (p<0,001). Asimismo se encontraron diferencias en los componentes endomórfico (p<0,01), mesomórfico (p<0,001) y ectomórfico (p<0,05) del somatotipo. Los jugadores presentan un somatotipo mesomórfico-endomórfico y las jugadoras endo-mesomórfico. Esta investigación aporta datos biotipológicos actualizados de referencia para el pádel de élite.
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