19. Yüzyıl'da Osmanlı saǧlık sisteminde köklü deǧişiklikler olmuş, memleketin pek çok yerinde gereksinime yönelik yeni hastaneler inşa edilmiştir. Osmanlı arşiv belgelerine göre gureba hastanelerinin ...kurulması ve sürdürülmesine yönelik yazışmaların bazıları hastanenin kurulup faaliyete geçmesiyle sonuçlanmışken, bazıları da akim kalmıştır. Bezmi Âlem Valide Sultan ve İzmir Gureba Hastaneleri dışında konuyu aydınlatacak çapta ayrıntılı çalışmalar bulunmamakla birlikte T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlıǧı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlıǧı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) fonlarında Sivas'ta bir gureba hastanesi yapılmasına dair yazışmalar mevcuttur. Kayıtlara göre Sivas'ta 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren bir gureba hastanesi inşası için yazışmaların yapıldıǧı, inşaatının 20. Yüzyılın başlarında sürdüǧü ve hastaneye bir müdür atandıǧı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sivas Gureba Hastanesi'nin mevcut BOA arşivi belgeleriyle Sivas Kadı Sicilleri ışıǧında kuruluşu ve faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır.
This is an open access book. This book focuses on the research of advanced structures and anti-seismic in civil engineering. It features the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements ...related to civil and structural engineering. Subjects in this book include: ·Engineering Structure and Seismic Resistance ·Structural Mechanics Analysis ·Components and Materials ·Structural Seismic Design ·3D Printing Concrete ·Other Related Topics The works of this book promote development of civil and structural engineering, resource sharing, flexibility, and high efficiency. Thereby, it also promotes scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, research centers, and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.
This paper presents a mix design method for ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) prepared with high-volume supplementary cementitious materials and conventional concrete sand. The method involves ...the optimization of binder combinations to enhance packing density, compressive strength, and rheological properties. The water-to-cementitious materials ratio is then determined for pastes prepared with the selected binders. The sand gradation is optimized using the modified Andreasen and Andersen packing model to achieve maximum packing density. The binder-to-sand volume ratio is then determined based on the void content, required lubrication paste volume, and compressive strength. The optimum fiber volume is selected based on flowability and flexural performance. The high-range water reducer dosage and w/cm are then adjusted according to the targeted mini-slump flow and compressive strength. Finally, the optimized UHPC mix designs are evaluated to determine key properties that are relevant to the intended application. This mix design approach was applied to develop cost-effective UHPC materials. The results indicate that the optimized UHPC can develop 28-days compressive strength of 125 MPa under standard curing condition and 168–178 MPa by heat curing for 1 days Such mixtures have unit cost per compressive strength at 28 days of 4.1–4.5 $/m
3
/MPa under standard curing.
Wastewater discharge from the textile industry poses significant health problems for humans. As a result, the effluent waters are often rich in dyes, whose low natural decomposition capacity makes ...their treatment complex, thus contributing to environmental degradation. It becomes imperative to implement effective solutions for treating these contaminated waters, with a primary goal: to make them fit for human consumption. The present study focuses on the development of green TiOsub.2 nanoparticles (TiOsub.2-NP) using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as a precursor, along with the extract of Astragalus boeticus (A.B). These green TiOsub.2 nanoparticles have been developed for use as highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of two types of dyes: Reactive Yellow 161 (RY161), an anionic dye, and Crystal Violet (CV), a cationic dye. The structural, microstructural, and optical properties of the synthesized material were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis methods. The results of these analyses revealed that the nanoparticles have a size of approximately 68 nm, possess an anatase structure, exhibit a spherical surface morphology, and have a band gap of 3.22 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material demonstrated a 94.06% degradation of CV dye in a basic environment (pH = 10) within 30 min, with an initial CV concentration of 10 mg/L and a catalyst mass of 1 g/L. Additionally, it achieved a 100% degradation of RY161 dye in an acidic environment (pH = 4) within 90 min, with an initial RY161 concentration of 30 mg/L and a catalyst mass of 1 g/L. Furthermore, the recycling study indicated that the green TiOsub.2 NPs catalyst could be effectively reused for up to five cycles. These experimental findings suggest that the developed TiOsub.2 catalyst holds significant potential as an eco-friendly solution for remediating aqueous media polluted by both anionic and cationic dyes.
The construction industry has experienced phenomenal growth because of technological advancements in the past couple of decades. Prefabrication constitutes a sizeable share of this industry and is ...being adopted all over the world. The method of casting construction elements in a controlled environment and assembling them on-site has revolutionised the industry. Research on various aspects of the technology is ongoing around the world, and an impressive number of articles have been published. However, the prefab technology, materials used, and terminology have varied across locations, which may have hindered the method’s wider acceptability. By evaluating technical articles published between 1991 and 2022, this report analyses the present body of knowledge regarding prefab technology, its evolution, sustainability, and stakeholder views. This technology effectively contributes around 40% in time saving, 27% in cost reduction, 30% in reduced carbon emissions, and 84% in on-site wastage reduction. It also increases quality, gives a dependable alternative for meeting mass construction targets, is energy efficient, and provides environmentally conscious options. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a snapshot of the prefab industry spanning three decades, detailing a wide range of factors affecting the industry.
Construction industry is very labor-intensive and one of the major sources of employment in the world. The industry is experiencing low productivity with minimum technological innovations for ...decades. In recent times, various automation technologies including 3D printing have received increasing interests in construction. 3D printing in construction is found to be very promising to automate the construction processes and have the potential of saving laborious work, material waste, construction time, risky operation for humans, etc. There has been a comprehensive body of research conducted to understand the recent advances, future prospects and challenges of large-scale adoption of 3D printing in construction projects. Being one the labor-intensive industries, this study also investigates the possible impact on the labor market with increasing adoption of 3D printing in construction. It is found that 3D printing can reduce significant number of labors which can solve the labor shortage problem, especially for the countries where construction is heavily dependent on immigrant workers. In contrast, 3D printing might not be favorable for the countries where construction is one of the main workforces and labor is less expensive. Moreover, 3D construction printing will also require people with special skills related to this new technology.
Environmental pollutants emitted by various construction work and heavy equipment from construction sites, not only undermine the human living environment but also cause conflicts with residents near ...the construction sites. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the real-time monitoring indices of environmental pollutants in building construction using the data-mining technique for managing the environmental pollutant emissions inside the construction site and reducing the ambient pollution levels that can impact on the residents near construction sites. Based on the real-time empirical data measured from sensors at a construction site every five minutes during earthwork, this study determined the key impact factors affecting the noise, vibration, and dust in construction sites, as monitoring indices. Then the feasibility of using the real-time monitoring indices for each environmental pollutant was proven through the application of the current relevant policies. The results of this study showed that by controlling the monitoring indices of environmental pollutants in construction sites, the proportions at which the levels of noise, vibration, and dust exceed the current policies can be reduced by up to 61.7%, 3.4%, and 81.2%, respectively. By using the methodology and results of this study, construction companies can systemically plan their construction work considering the key equipment to be used and can effectively manage the pollutants inside the construction sites.
•This study proposed real-time monitoring indices of pollutants in construction sites.•Feasibility study of pollutants was conducted based on the empirical data.•Various key impact factors affecting the environmental pollutants were determined.•Using the monitoring indices in construction site, pollutants levels can be reduced.•Environmental pollutants can be effectively managed by controlling monitoring indices.
The steel–concrete interface Angst, Ueli M.; Geiker, Mette R.; Michel, Alexander ...
Materials and structures,
04/2017, Volume:
50, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Although the steel–concrete interface (SCI) is widely recognized to influence the durability of reinforced concrete, a systematic overview and detailed documentation of the various aspects of the SCI ...are lacking. In this paper, we compiled a comprehensive list of possible local characteristics at the SCI and reviewed available information regarding their properties as well as their occurrence in engineering structures and in the laboratory. Given the complexity of the SCI, we suggested a systematic approach to describe it in terms of local characteristics and their physical and chemical properties. It was found that the SCI exhibits significant spatial inhomogeneity along and around as well as perpendicular to the reinforcing steel. The SCI can differ strongly between different engineering structures and also between different members within a structure; particular differences are expected between structures built before and after the 1970/1980s. A single SCI representing all on-site conditions does not exist. Additionally, SCIs in common laboratory-made specimens exhibit significant differences compared to engineering structures. Thus, results from laboratory studies and from practical experience should be applied to engineering structures with caution. Finally, recommendations for further research are made.
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