Background
Physician burnout is often assessed by healthcare organizations. Yet, scores from different burnout measures cannot currently be directly compared, limiting the interpretation of results ...across organizations or studies.
Objective
To link common measures of burnout to a single metric in psychometric analyses such that group-level scores from different assessments can be compared.
Design
Cross-sectional survey.
Setting
US practices.
Participants
A total of 1355 physicians sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile.
Main Measures
We linked the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) and Mini-Z Single-Item Burnout (MZSIB) scale to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in item response theory (IRT) fixed-calibration and equipercentile analyses and created crosswalks mapping PFI and MZSIB scores to corresponding MBI scores. We evaluated the accuracy of the results by comparing physicians’ actual MBI scores to those predicted by linking and described the closest cut-point equivalencies across scales linked to the same MBI subscale using the resulting crosswalks.
Key Results
IRT linking produced the most accurate results and was used to create crosswalks mapping (1) PFI Work Exhaustion (PFI-WE) and MZSIB scores to MBI Emotional Exhaustion (MBI-EE) scores and (2) PFI Interpersonal Disengagement (PFI-ID) scores to MBI Depersonalization (MBI-DP) scores. The commonly used MBI-EE raw score cut-point of ≥27 corresponded most closely with respective PFI-WE and MZSIB raw score cut-points of ≥7 and ≥3. The commonly used MBI-DP raw score cut-point of ≥10 corresponded most closely with a PFI-ID raw score cut-point of ≥9.
Conclusions
Our findings allow healthcare organizations using the PFI or MZSIB to compare group-level scores to historical, regional, or national MBI scores (and vice-versa).
Burnout syndrome (BOS) occurs in all types of healthcare professionals and is especially common in individuals who care for critically ill patients. The development of BOS is related to an imbalance ...of personal characteristics of the employee and work-related issues or other organizational factors. BOS is associated with many deleterious consequences, including increased rates of job turnover, reduced patient satisfaction, and decreased quality of care. BOS also directly affects the mental health and physical well-being of the many critical care physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who practice worldwide. Until recently, BOS and other psychological disorders in critical care healthcare professionals remained relatively unrecognized. To raise awareness of BOS, the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC) developed this call to action. The present article reviews the diagnostic criteria, prevalence, causative factors, and consequences of BOS. It also discusses potential interventions that may be used to prevent and treat BOS. Finally, we urge multiple stakeholders to help mitigate the development of BOS in critical care healthcare professionals and diminish the harmful consequences of BOS, both for critical care healthcare professionals and for patients.
Applying the concept of burnout to medical students before residency is relatively recent. Its estimated prevalence varies significantly between studies. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence ...of burnout in medical students worldwide.
We systematically searched Medline for English-language articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017. We selected all the original studies about the prevalence of burnout in medical students before residency, using validated questionnaires for burnout. Statistical analyses were conducted using the OpenMetaAnalyst software.
Prevalence of current burnout was extracted from 24 studies encompassing 17,431 medical students. Among them, 8060 suffered from burnout and we estimated the prevalence to be 44.2% 33.4%-55.0%. The information about the prevalence of each subset of burnout dimensions was given in nine studies including 7588 students. Current prevalence was estimated to be 40.8% for 'emotional exhaustion' 32.8%-48.9%, 35.1% 27.2%-43.0% for 'depersonalization' and 27.4% 20.5%-34.3% for 'personal accomplishment'. There is no significant gender difference in burnout. The prevalence of burnout is slightly different across countries with a higher prevalence in Oceania and the Middle East than in other continents.
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that one student out of two is suffering from burnout, even before residency. Again, our findings highlight the high level of distress in the medical population. These results should encourage the development of preventive strategies.
Little is known about burnout among European vascular surgeons (VSs). In this study, the prevalence of burnout and its associated risk factors were investigated among all VSs and vascular surgeons in ...training (VSTs) in Denmark.
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to all clinical active VSs and VSTs on January 1, 2020. Validated assessment tools were used to measure burnout and aspects of the psychosocial work environment.
A total of 104 VSs and VSTs were invited to participate, and 82% (n = 85) completed the survey. The majority of the respondents were male (60%; n = 50) and VSs (67%; n = 61). Of the respondents, 82% (n = 70) reported either light (54%; n = 46), moderate (22%; n = 19), or severe (6%; n = 5) personal burnout. More than 50% (n = 47) reported work-related burnout, light (39%; n = 33), moderate (9%; n = 8), and severe (7%; n = 6), respectively, whereas 35% (n = 30) reported patient-related burnout, light (31%; n = 26), moderate (2%; n = 2), and severe (2%; n = 2), respectively. Respondents with more than four 24-hour on-call shifts per month had significantly higher work-related burnout scores, whereas respondents with home-living children and those aged 45 to 59 years showed significantly higher personal and patient-related burnout, respectively. There were strong associations between personal and work-related burnout and the psychosocial work environment, especially work organization and interpersonal relations, but not job demands. The prevalence of burnout was unevenly distributed across departments, with the most affected department having a burnout occurrence twice the least affected department.
Based on a national survey conducted among all clinical active VSs and VSTs in Denmark, more than 80% (n = 70) suffered from burnout, of whom 28% (n = 24) suffered from moderate to severe personal burnout. The strong association with the psychosocial work environment, and the significant differences between departments, suggest that burnout is modifiable through changes in the work environment.
Burnout is a state of physical or mental collapse caused by overwork or stress. Burnout during residency training has gained significant attention secondary to concerns regarding job performance and ...patient care. The new COVID-19 pandemic has raised public health problems around the world and required a reorganization of health services. In this context, burnout syndrome and physical exhaustion have become even more pronounced. Resident doctors, and especially those in certain specialties, seem even more exposed due to the higher workload, prolonged exposure and first contact with patients. This article is a short review of the literature and a presentation of some considerations regarding the activity of the medical residents in a non-Covid emergency hospital in Romania, based on the responses obtained via a questionnaire. Burnout prevalence is not equal in different specialties. We studied its impact and imagine the potential steps that can be taken in order to reduce the increasing rate of burnout syndrome in the pandemics.
•The prevalence estimate of burnout was 49% and 5% for severe burnout in French physicians•Emergency physicians, junior residents and physicians with high number of night shifts were found at higher ...risk for burnout.•Some specialties like psychiatrists were insufficiently explored and may be targeted in future studies.
Burnout syndrome is the consequence of chronic work-related stress exposure and is 2–3 times higher than in physicians than in other professions. Many studies exploring burnout in French physicians have been published with inconsistent data regarding its prevalence and associated factors.
To assess the prevalence of burnout and associated factors in French physicians in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Studies assessing the prevalence of French physician's burnout and its three dimensions emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) were selected in the following databases from 2000 to April 2017: MEDLINE, BIOSIS WEB OF SCIENCE, PASCAL ET FRANCIS, SCIENCES DIRECT, PSYCHinfo, and BDSP. Burnout was defined by one abnormal score in one or more of the 3 dimensions of the MBI scale (EE, DP or PA). Severe burnout was defined by the association of high scores of EE and DP, and low score of PA. High EE was defined by an EE score ≥27. High DP was defined by a score ≥10. Low PA was defined by a score ≤33.
A total of 37 studies and 15,183 French physicians were included in the present meta-analysis. The random effects pooled prevalence estimate was 49% (95% CI 45%–53%, P < 0.001, I2 = 93.1%) for burnout, 5% (95% CI 4–7, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.7%) for severe burnout, 21% (95% CI 19–24, P < 0.001, I2 = 94.7%) for high EE, 29% (95% CI 25–33, P < 0.001, I2 = 96.7%) for high DP, and 29% (95% CI 24–34, P < 0.001, I2 = 97.7%) for low PA. Emergency physicians were found to have a trend to higher rates of burnout (P = 0.051), and significantly more severe burnout compared to other physicians (b = 0.05, seb = 0.02, P = 0.019). Junior residents were found to have higher rates of DP; junior residents, sample size, and monthly number of night shifts were associated with lower PA; and anesthesiologists were found to have lower rates of high EE and high DP.
Burnout is highly prevalent in French physicians. Some recommendations may be suggested to reduce this rate, including reducing the number or duration of night shifts to increase personal accomplishment and targeting emergency physicians and junior residents in priority. Other specialties should be explored in future studies.
Evidence of burnout in health-system pharmacists Durham, Mary E; Bush, Paul W; Ball, Amanda M
American journal of health-system pharmacy,
2018-December-1, 2018-Dec-01, 2018-12-01, 20181201, Volume:
75, Issue:
23 Suppl 4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
PURPOSE.Results of a study to determine levels of and risk factors for professional burnout among health-system pharmacists are reported.
METHODS.The Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey ...(MBI-HSS) was distributed to a target population of health-system pharmacists to assess study participants for burnout, which is characterized by feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Health-system pharmacists were solicited via email through a professional network listserver to complete an anonymous, electronic questionnaire regarding burnout. Demographic information, employment characteristics, and responses to the MBI-HSS were collected using a cross-sectional cohort survey methodology. Descriptive statistics were used to assess MBI-HSS scores and risk factors associated with burnout.
RESULTS.Of the 371 survey responses received, 329 were complete and included in the final analysis. Overall, 175 study participants (53.2%) reported scores indicating a high degree of burnout on at least 1 subscale of the MBI-HSS. Twenty-eight respondents (8.5%) had scores indicating burnout on all 3 subscales. Average scores were 22.9, 6.2, and 36.3 for feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, respectively. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for burnout were identified. The findings warrant further research on burnout prevention and action to promote resilience in the profession.
CONCLUSION.Half of health-system pharmacists assessed using the MBI-HSS in this study identified themselves as being at risk for burnout.
Sleep disturbance and burnout are prevalent among primary and secondary school teachers. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between sleep disturbance and burnout, and the mechanisms ...connecting this link. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep disturbance and burnout among urban teachers, as well as to investigate this influencing mechanism further with resilience as a moderator.
14,218 primary and secondary school teachers provided valid data. We assessed demographic information, sleep disturbance, burnout, and resilience. Multivariable logistic regression, Spearman correlation, and moderation analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbance and burnout and the moderating role of resilience.
Of the participants, the prevalence of sleep disturbance and sleep deprivation among teachers was 20.0% and 31.7%, respectively. Additionally, 58.4% of teachers reported moderate or severe burnout, and 15.3% had both sleep disturbance and burnout. Sleep disturbance was significant and positively related to burnout. Resilience was found to moderate the association between sleep disturbance and burnout.
These findings suggested strong associations between sleep disturbance and burnout. Interventions in improving resilience may protect teachers with sleep disturbance from burnout.
•A large representative sample of Chinese teachers was used.•Sleep disturbance was highly associated with a higher risk of burnout.•Resilience was found to moderate the association between sleep disturbance and burnout.•Interventions in improving resilience may protect teachers with sleep disturbance from burnout.
Burnout is a syndrome marked by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low job satisfaction. Rates of burnout in orthopaedic surgeons are higher than those in the general population and many ...other medical subspecialties. Half of all orthopaedic surgeons show symptoms of burnout, with the highest rates reported in residents and orthopaedic department chairpersons. This syndrome is associated with poor outcomes for surgeons, institutions, and patients. Validated instruments exist to objectively diagnose burnout, although family members and colleagues should be aware of early warning signs and risk factors, such as irritability, withdrawal, and failing relationships at work and home. Emerging evidence indicates that mindfulness-based interventions or educational programs combined with meditation may be effective treatment options. Orthopaedic residency programs, departments, and practices should focus on identifying the signs of burnout and implementing prevention and treatment programs that have been shown to mitigate symptoms.
The prevalence of physician burnout is well documented, and resilience training has been proposed as an option to support physician well-being. However, the resilience of physicians compared with ...that of the US working population is not established, and the association between resilience and physician burnout is not well understood.
To evaluate resilience among physicians and US workers, and to determine the association between resilience and burnout among US physicians.
A cross-sectional national survey study of 5445 US physicians and a probability-based sample of 5198 individuals in the US working population was conducted between October 12, 2017, and March 15, 2018.
Resilience was measured using the 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (total scores range from 0-8; higher scores indicate greater resilience); burnout was measured using the full Maslach Burnout Inventory with overall burnout indicated by a score of at least 27 on the 0 to 54 emotional exhaustion subscale and/or at least 10 on the depersonalization subscale (higher scores indicate greater burnout).
Of 30 456 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 5445 (17.9%) completed surveys (2995 men 62.1%; median IQR age of 53 42-62 years). In multivariable analysis, mean (SD) resilience scores were higher among physicians than the general employed population (6.49 1.30 vs 6.25 1.37; adjusted mean difference, 0.25 points; 95% CI, 0.19-0.32; P < .001). Among physicians, resilience was associated with burnout. Physicians without overall burnout had higher mean (SD) resilience scores than physicians with burnout (6.82 1.15 vs 6.13 1.36; adjusted mean difference, 0.68 points, 95% CI, 0.61-0.76; P < .001). Each 1-point increase in resilience score was associated with 36% lower odds of overall burnout (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60-0.67; P < .001). However, 392 of 1350 physicians (29%) with the highest possible resilience score had burnout.
The findings of this national survey study suggest that physicians exhibited higher levels of resilience than the general working population in the US. Resilience was inversely associated with burnout symptoms, but burnout rates were substantial even among the most resilient physicians. Additional solutions, including efforts to address system issues in the clinical care environment, are needed to reduce burnout and promote physician well-being.
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