Abstract The papers included in this section represent the effort of the Task Force on Nutrition of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology to synthetize the evidence-based concepts on ...nutritional support of the elderly cancer patients. In the attempt of presenting a comprehensive overview of the topic, the panel included experts from different specialties: basic researchers, nutritionists, geriatricians, nurses, dieticians, gastroenterologists, oncologists. Cancer in elderly people is a growing problem. Not only in almost every country, the proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group, but cancer per se is also a disease of old adult-elderly people, hence the oncologists face an increasing number of these patients both now and in the next years. The are several studies on nutrition of elderly subjects and many other on nutrition of cancer patients but relatively few specifically devoted to the nutritional support of the elderly cancer patients. However, the awareness that elderly subjects account for a high proportion of the mixed cancer patients population, in some way legitimates us to extend some conclusions of the literature also to the elderly cancer patients. Although the topics of this Experts' Consensus have been written by specialists in different areas of nutrition, the final message is addressed to the oncologists. Not only they should be more directly involved in the simplest steps of the nutritional care (recognition of the potential existence of a “nutritional risk” which can compromise the planned oncologic program, use of some oral supplements, etc.) but, as the true experts of the natural history of their cancer patient, they should also coordinate the process of the nutritional support, integrating this approach in the overall multidisciplinary cancer care.
Background: Cancer has become one of the most common debilitating systemic diseases, and it’s responsible for a large number of worldwide deaths annually, In cancer patients, QoL is affected by the ...specific diagnosis, its meaning for the patient, the disease’s , impact on the patient’s physical and mental condition, short- and long-term adverse effects of treatment, the patient’s coping mechanisms, and the reactions of their family members or other individuals . Objectives: The main objective of this prospective study is to assess the nutritional state of cancer patients and correlate nutritional state with response and tolerability to the treatment line along with the survival of the patients and help to increase awareness to clinical application of nutritional therapy with oncological therapy. Patients and Methods: 300 cancer patient,( Age> 18 years - <70 years); 30% of patients presented with breast cancer , 16% of patients with colon cancer, 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer ,12 % of patients with NHL ,1% of patients with glioma. Results: the mean cumulative proportion of event-free patients for the study group was at 0.95 (SE,0.01) at 1 month, 0.88 (SE, 0.02) at 3 months, and 0.75 (SE, 0.03) at 6 months. Conclusion: Assessment of nutritional status in cancer patients is more accessible and designed through the application of MUST scoring system on patients at the time of first presentation and along the treatment course. It allows signing down all symptoms and changes occur, classification of the patients' conditions and design a treatment protocol according to severity.
Aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of depression in cancer patient caregivers and to identify factors affecting depression and quality of life of cancer caregivers.
Relevant ...research articles were retrieved after literature search in several electronic databases. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates of the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety; their respective scores, and quality of life scores. Significant relationships between depression and factors related to depression and quality of life reported in individual studies were identified.
Thirty studies were included. Overall, 21,149 caregivers were appraised in these studies (age 52.65 years 95% CI: 49.65, 55.65; 31.14% 28.40, 33.89 men). The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 42.30% 33.31, 51.29 % and 46.55% 35.59, 57.52, respectively. Quality of life score, as measured with Caregiver Quality of Life-Cancer scale was 64.55 47.44, 81.66. Patient's condition, caregiving burden, duration of caregiving, spouse caregiver, caregiver being unemployed, caregiver with chronic disease, caregiver's sleep quality, caregiver's avoidance, financial problems, and female sex were positively associated with depression whereas overall quality of life of caregiver, pre-loss grief, caregiver's education level, caregiver's age, caregiver's sense of coherence, and caregiver's bondage with patient were negatively associated with depression in caregivers.
A considerably high prevalence of depression is found in cancer patient caregivers. Several factors may affect depression and their quality of life of cancer patient caregivers.
Caregiver burden is commonly used in nursing literature, however, a study exploring the caregiver burden of an advanced lung cancer patient has not yet been clearly defined. Therefore, this study ...Aims to develop an operational definition and analyze the attributes, antecedents and consequents of the theoretical concept of caregiver burden of advanced lung cancer. An electronic search from four different sources, such as online databases (PubMed, CINAHL (Cummulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health) Plus with Full Text, Chochrane Library, Google Scholar), journal articles, dictionaries and official health websites (both government and non-government). The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Advant. The attributes, antecedents and consequents of the concept were identified. The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as Low Self- Efficacy, Multifaced Strain, and Overload. The antecedents included Caregiver’s characteristics, Health status, Insufficient financial resources, and social support. The consequences of the caregiver’s burden resulted in negative change, including decreased quality of Life, Health function, and psychological problems. A clear definition of caregiver burden was developed. The finding of this concept analysis can be used in Nursing practice, education and administration
In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer film (P (ANI)@MIP) on the electrode surface was fabricated using aniline as a functional monomer and octreotide (OC) as a template molecule. The ...developed P (ANI)@MIP was electrochemically electropolymerized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Each step of MIP production was evaluated by viewing the Fe (CN)63-/4- signal obtained using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The P (ANI)@MIP film layer was studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman, and contact angle measurements. The parameters consisting of monomer, template ratio, cycle number, removal solution, removal time, and rebinding time were optimized to obtain the best electrochemical sensor. The developed method was validated in line with ICH guidelines. The linear range, LOD, and LOQ were found as 10–80 fM, 0.801 fM, and 2.670 fM, respectively. The selectivity of the method was tested with the response of somatostatin and lanreotide from the same growth hormone family by comparing the OC response. The developed P (ANI)@MIP/GCE sensor is the first reported method for electrochemical analysis of OC. The P (ANI)@MIP/GCE sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for OC. The novel MIP sensor was used to determine OC in cancer patient plasma samples. The concentration of OC in cancer patients varied between 8.98 ng/mL and 10.10 ng/mL.
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•The first MIP study to determine ultra-trace anti-cancer Octreotide (OC) drug.•The P (ANI)@MIP/GCE sensor exhibited a linear between 10 fM-80 fM OC with LOD of 0.801 fM.•The validated P (ANI)@MIP/GCE sensor was applied to neuroendocrine cancer patients.
Purpose
Immunogenomics and earlier, pioneering studies, particularly by Whiteside and colleagues, have indicated a positive role for B-cells in breast cancer, as well as a positive role for ...gamma-delta T-cells. However, these studies have been completely limited to assessing breast cancer tumor tissue.
Methods and Results
Our analyses here has shown that blood-borne T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) chain sequences were associated with greater overall survival, of particular note due to the comparative longevity of primary breast cancer patients, whereby assessments of disease-free, but rarely overall survival parameters are possible. Additional immunogenomics approaches narrowed the overall survival correlations to specific, TRG complementarity determining region-3, amino acid (AA) sequence chemical features, independently of many common, confounding variables in the breast cancer setting, such as estrogen or progesterone receptor status.
Conclusions
These results are discussed in the context of patient age and with regard to potential antigenic targets, based on the chemistry of the TRG CDR3 AA sequences associated with the higher survival rates.
Tumor ecosystems are composed of multiple cell types that communicate by ligand-receptor interactions. Targeting ligand-receptor interactions (for instance, with immune checkpoint inhibitors) can ...provide significant benefits for patients. However, our knowledge of which interactions occur in a tumor and how these interactions affect outcome is still limited. We present an approach to characterize communication by ligand-receptor interactions across all cell types in a microenvironment using single-cell RNA sequencing. We apply this approach to identify and compare the ligand-receptor interactions present in six syngeneic mouse tumor models. To identify interactions potentially associated with outcome, we regress interactions against phenotypic measurements of tumor growth rate. In addition, we quantify ligand-receptor interactions between T cell subsets and their relation to immune infiltration using a publicly available human melanoma dataset. Overall, this approach provides a tool for studying cell-cell interactions, their variability across tumors, and their relationship to outcome.
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•Ligand-receptor interactions in tumors were investigated using single-cell RNA-seq•Identified interactions were regressed against phenotypic measurements of tumors•The approach provides a tool for studying cell-cell interactions and their variability
Tumors are composed of cancer cells and many non-malignant cell types, such as immune and stromal cells. To better understand how all cell types in a tumor cooperate to facilitate malignant growth, Kumar et al. studied communication between cells via ligand and receptor interactions using single-cell data and computational modeling.
Purpose
This study aimed to systematically review published research on the use of the teach-back method among cancer patients and provide basic data for developing effective nursing interventions.
...Methods
Using a PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparisons, Outcomes, Study Designs) framework, we reviewed 246 studies from selected electronic databases—CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycInfo, RISS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL, and KCI—and selected five studies for further analysis. We evaluated the reference quality using Cochrane’s risk of bias and risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies, following which we performed reviews and analyses.
Results
Five studies were selected for the final analysis, including four quasi-experimental studies and one randomized controlled experimental study. The intervention programs were provided mostly by outpatient clinics. The cancer types of the subjects were breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer in four and one study, respectively. The number and duration of the interventions varied depending on the content. The number of outcome variables ranged from 1 to 5, depending on the study; among these, self-efficacy, symptom experience, and distress were used. Teach-back intervention programs significantly affected happiness, health literacy, anxiety about death, symptom experience, distress, and self-efficacy.
Conclusion
This study found that teach-back interventions have positive health outcomes including happiness, uncertainty, self-efficacy, self-management behavior, symptom experience, distress, anxiety, and health literacy among cancer patients. However, it found no effects with regard to drug administration, functional measurements, or satisfaction. Future research should continuously examine the teach-back approach and assess its positive health outcomes for cancer patients.
Caring for patients with cancer can result in significant burden, anxiety, and depression among family caregivers, leading to alterations in their mental and physical wellbeing. Evidence on the level ...of cancer caregivers' burden, depression, anxiety, their role in assisting their patients, and other patient and caregiver factors that play in improving/worsening the outcomes, is limited. This study explored the prevalence of caregiving burden, depression, and anxiety with a focus on the patient and caregiver-related factors among cancer family caregivers.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of caregivers of adult patients with cancer in Zanjan, Iran between 2019 and 2020. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) were used to measure outcome variables. Clinical and basic characteristics of the caregivers and patients were also collected. An independent samples
-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise linear regression were performed using SPSS software version 26.
Mean ± standard deviation age of the caregivers (167 men and 133 women) was 40.77 ± 12.56. Of the caregivers, 46.3, 53, and 30.7% showed severe depression, anxiety, and burden, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between ZBI with both BDI
= 0.19,
< 0.01 and BAI
= 0.20,
< 0.01. Caregiving ≥24 months (
= 14.36,
< 0.001), outpatient care setting (
= -12.90,
< 0.001), being retired (
= -12.90,
< 0.001), depression (
= 0.28,
< 0.001), supplemental health insurance (
= -7.79,
< 0.001), being illiterate (
= 7.77,
< 0.01), surgery (
= 8.55,
< 0.01), ECOG1 (
= 4.88,
< 0.01), and patient's age (
= 0.11,
< 0.05) were found to be significant predictors of caregiving burden.
High levels of depression, anxiety, and burden were observed among the caregivers of patients with cancer. These findings underline the importance of paying close attention to the needs and psychological challenges of this population.
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