The association between mental health problems and crime in immigrants has attracted recent academic interest, with results suggesting that there were possible interactions between immigration, ...schizophrenia, and criminal behavior. However, very few studies have examined these interactions, especially in developing countries that have mass internal immigration. Therefore, this study sought to identify the associations between the sociodemographic, clinical, and criminal factors in migrants and non-migrants with schizophrenia who had been involved in criminal activities in China.
Forensic archives of suspects who had been referred for criminal responsibility assessments in the Sichuan West China Forensic Center from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed. The sociodemographic, and criminal activity information of the suspects were extracted, while the clinical and social function were measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) based on the archives. A Chi-squared test, a T-test, a Mann-Whitney U test, and Multinomial logistic regression were employed for the statistical analysis.
A total of 552 patients were reviewed and evaluated, 17.2% (
= 95) of which were migrants. The migrant patient group was younger than the non-migrant patient group. The BPRS and SDSS scores for the migrant patient group were lower than for the non-migrant patient group. The migrant patient group had more work experience and more had been employed at the time of the crime than the non-migrant patient group. The unemployed migrant patients were more likely to commit a property-related crime.
Compared to the non-migrant schizophrenia patient group, the migrant patient group had less severe psychiatric symptoms and less social function impairments. Employment was an important factor in preventing criminality in patients with schizophrenia, especially for migrant patients. Vocational rehabilitation focuses on developing appropriate employment that can significantly assist in schizophrenia patient recovery, which in turn could reduce their chances of committing crime. Besides, reducing other obstacles to stigma, housing and health insurance would also be beneficial to crime reduction.
Research on diagnostic competencies of teachers nowadays raises the question which person or situational characteristics moderate judgement accuracy. Beside this correlational approach, a stronger ...interest in understanding the cognitive processes involved in the genesis of diagnostic judgements has emerged. To address the theoretical gap regarding cognitive processes underlying diagnostic judgements, we propose a framework, called DiaCoM (Explaining Teachers’ Diagnostic Judgements by Cognitive Modeling). It aims at supporting (existing or envisioned) research that strives to test cognitively oriented explanations for processes and products of diagnostic judgements of teachers.
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•The DiaCoM framework models diagnostic judgements as information processing.•It systematizes the role of teacher and situation characteristics in diagnostic thinking.•The DiaCoM framework allows deriving and testing cognitive oriented hypotheses.•It supports coherent interpretation across studies and inspires further research.
This integrative review aims to render a systematic account of the role that teachers’ psychological characteristics, such as their motivation and personality, play for critical outcomes in terms of ...teacher effectiveness, teachers’ well-being, retention, and positive interpersonal relations with multiple stakeholders (e.g., students, parents, principals, colleagues). We first summarize and evaluate the available evidence on relations between psychological characteristics and these outcomes derived in existing research syntheses (meta-analyses, systematic reviews). We then discuss implications of the findings regarding the eight identified psychological characteristics—self-efficacy, causal attributions, expectations, personality, enthusiasm, emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and mindfulness—for research and educational practice. In terms of practical recommendations, we focus on teacher selection and the design of future professional development activities as areas that particularly profit from a profound understanding of the relative importance of different psychological teacher characteristics in facilitating adaptive outcomes.
In this study, the effects of gas flow and particle parameters on monodisperse and bidisperse particles were systematically modelled with CFD-DEM from multi-level characteristics: fluidity, ...periodicity and mixing. With increasing spouting gas velocity, the mixing rate increased and overall flow state changed from spout-fluid to the spout. By comparison, the increase of auxiliary gas velocity showed the opposite variation trend. For bidisperse particles, with increasing light and small particle ratios, the dominant particles of fluidization characteristics changed from coarse and heavy to light and small particles, whose variation regularities were similar to those of single particle size and density. Furthermore, the particle fluidity improved continuously and local particle concentration differences increased. Ultimately, the particle segregation mechanism was proposed by summarizing variation regularities of fluidization characteristics under different gas-solid actions. Besides, compared to particle density, the difference in particle size caused greater stratification, which would reduce the local mass transfer efficiency.
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•The spout-fluid bed is deeply analyzed from fluidity, periodicity and mixing.•The particle motion behaviors under different gas-solid actions are investigated.•The segregation mechanism between mono-and bidisperse particles is summarized.•The increase of light and small particles contributes to the fluidization quality.
In nature, plants are frequently subjected to a wide range of abiotic stresses that drastically reduce crop productivity. Deficit in irrigation is one of the main factors of abiotic stresses that ...affect agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on how to use water with brassinosteroids (Br) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)in deficit water conditions in order to reach comparatively good values of mango tree growth, productivity, and fruit quality as well as crop water productivity (WPC). A split-plot experiment in a complete randomized block system design study with 3 regulated deficit irrigation levels i.e. 100% IR (Irrigation requirement), 80% IR, and 60% IR was implemented in 2022 and 2023, each irrigation regime was combined with the foliar application of distilled water (control), 1 mg/L Br, 10 mM H2O2, 1 mg/L Br + 10 mM H2O2. Foliar treatments were applied at 3 different phenological stages: flower bud induction and differentiation, full bloom, and beginning of fruit set. The results showed that fruit shape index and acidity significantly improved as irrigation volume increased, however, the proportion of fruit mineral content and fruit chemical characteristics was inversely correlated with the volume of water. Meanwhile, moderate regular deficit irrigation (80% IR) achieved marked increases in leaf minerals and total chlorophyll content, fruit quality, yield, and water use efficiency. Drought stress (60% IR) significantly decreased fruit set, fruit retention, yield traits, and fruit physical and chemical properties, at the same time, significant improvements in the content of stress indicators (proline, total phenols, and carotenoids) were observed compared with control. All treatments with Br and H2O2 alone or in combination under drought stress had a pronounced effect in this regard. Overall, foliar spray of 1 mg/L Br+10 mM H2O2 was the most powerful treatment that emended the unpropitious effect of water stress.
•Br and H2O2 had a positive effect on withstand drought stress.•Br was more successful in mitigating drought-related damage.•Br and H2O2 can improve crop water productivity.•Br and H2O2 had a positive effect on fruit set and yield.•Br and H2O2 can improve nutritional status and fruit quality.
This Violent Empiretraces the origins of American violence, racism, and paranoia to the founding moments of the new nation and the initial instability of Americans' national sense of self.Fusing ...cultural and political analyses to create a new form of political history, Carroll Smith-Rosenberg explores the ways the founding generation, lacking a common history, governmental infrastructures, and shared culture, solidified their national sense of self by imagining a series of "Others" (African Americans, Native Americans, women, the propertyless) whose differences from European American male founders overshadowed the differences that divided those founders. These "Others," dangerous and polluting, had to be excluded from the European American body politic. Feared, but also desired, they refused to be marginalized, incurring increasingly enraged enactments of their political and social exclusion that shaped our long history of racism, xenophobia, and sexism. Close readings of political rhetoric during the Constitutional debates reveal the genesis of this long history.
The successful diffusion of new drugs is crucial for both pharmaceutical companies and patients-and of wider stakeholder concern, including for the funding of healthcare provision. Micro-level ...characteristics (the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of medical professionals), meso-level characteristics (the prescribing characteristics of doctors, the marketing efforts of pharmaceutical companies, interpersonal communication among doctors, drug attributes, and the characteristics of patients), and macro-level characteristics (government policies) all influence the diffusion of new drugs. This systematic literature review examines the micro- and meso-level characteristics of early prescribers of newly introduced drugs. Understanding the characteristics of early adopters may help to speed up the diffusion process, promote cost-efficient prescribing habits, forecast utilisation, and develop targeted intervention strategies.
The PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were chosen for their extensive coverage of the pertinent literature and used to identify 205 potentially relevant studies by means of a four-layered search string. The 35 studies deemed eligible were then synthetized carefully and critically, to extract variables relevant to this review.
Early adoption of new drugs is not a personal trait, independent of drug type, but early adopters share both micro- and meso-level characteristics. At prescriber level, doctors' interest in particular therapeutic areas, participation in clinical trials, and volume of prescribing-either in total or within the therapeutic class of the new drug-increase the likelihood of early adoption. The marketing efforts of pharmaceutical companies and doctors' professional and social interactions leading to prescribing contagion are very powerful predictors of new drug uptake. At patient level, doctors with younger patients, patients with higher socioeconomic statuses and/or patients with poorer health statuses are more inclined to prescribe new drugs early. In contrast, the socio-demographic characteristics of prescribers and many practice-related factors play little role in the adoption process.
The most powerful predictors of new drug uptake include the doctors' strong scientific commitment, high prescribing volume in total or in within the therapeutic class of the new drug, high exposure to marketing, and intense communication with colleagues.
•A meta-analysis of team communication and performance is conducted.•Team communication is significantly related to team performance.•Communication quality and frequency have different relationships ...with performance.•Additional types of communication exhibit different relationships with performance.•Team familiarity and virtuality moderate the relationship.
Although it is consistently identified as a critical component of team performance, team communication is often conceptualized in a variety of manners. The present meta-analysis addresses this inconsistency by examining the moderating influence of communication characteristics, as well as other salient team and task characteristics, on the relationship between team communication and performance. The findings revealed several fundamental insights. First, communication quality had a significantly stronger relationship with team performance than communication frequency. Second, further distinguishing between different communication types, classifying communication into the eight most commonly measured communication forms (e.g., knowledge sharing, information elaboration), has further value; information elaboration has the strongest relationship with performance while self-report frequency and objective frequency have the weakest relationships. Third, familiar and face-to-face teams exhibited a stronger relationship between communication and performance. These results indicate the necessity of distinguishing between different communication types in both practical and theoretical applications of team science.
In this study, the anthracite was preheated by a circulating fluidized bed under O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/CO2/H2O atmospheres. And the preheating and combustion characteristics of anthracite were ...studied. Compared with the O2/N2 atmosphere, the structural characteristics of preheated char was improved more obviously under the O2/CO2 and O2/CO2/H2O atmospheres when the oxygen concentration was 31%, which mainly reflected in the increase of BET surface and the increase of small aromatic rings. HCN was mainly NOx precursor during the preheating under different atmospheres. In addition, a novel comprehensive evaluation of ignition and stable combustion characteristics for preheated fuel was proposed. And the minimum thermal power required for preheated char combustion and the combustion heat of preheated coal gas were main factors affecting on the ignition and stable combustion characteristics. The highest combustion efficiency of anthracite was 98.85% under the O2/N2 atmosphere (the oxygen concentrations of primary gas, secondary gas and tertiary gas were 31.0%, 36.0% and 35.0%), and the lowest NO emission in tail flue gas was 24.24 mg/MJ under the air atmosphere.
•Preheating characteristics of anthracite are revealed under O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/CO2/H2O atmosphere.•Gasification intensity of anthracite is improved at high oxygen concentration under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres.•A novel comprehensive evaluation method determines ignition and stable combustion characteristics of preheated fuel.•Highest combustion efficiency of anthracite is 98.85%, and lowest NO emission is 24.24 mg/MJ.
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