Attachment between an infant and his or her parents is a major topic within developmental psychology. An increasing number of psychologists, evolutionary biologists and anthropologists are ...articulating their doubts that attachment theory in its present form is applicable worldwide, without, however, denying that the development of attachment is a universal need. This book brings together leading scholars from psychology, anthropology and related fields to reformulate attachment theory in order to fit the cultural realities of our world. Contributions are based on empirical research and observation in a variety of cultural contexts. They are complemented by careful evaluation and deconstruction of many of the underlying premises and assumptions of attachment theory and of conventional research on the role of infant-parent attachment in human development. The book creates a contextual cultural understanding of attachment that will provide the basis for a groundbreaking reconceptualization of attachment theory.
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood Studies navigates our understanding of the historical, political, social and cultural dimensions of childhood.
Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to view categories as reflecting something deep, stable, and informative about their members. Scholars from diverse disciplines have long ...theorized that psychological essentialism has negative ramifications for inter‐group relations, yet little previous empirical work has experimentally tested the social implications of essentialist beliefs. Three studies (N = 127, ages 4.5–6) found that experimentally inducing essentialist beliefs about a novel social category led children to share fewer resources with category members, but did not lead to the out‐group dislike that defines social prejudice. These findings indicate that essentialism negatively influences some key components of inter‐group relations, but does not lead directly to the development of prejudice.
Three studies examined the implications of essentialism‐‐induced via exposure to generic language‐‐for children's beliefs and attitudes towards a novel social group. Across studies, hearing generic language led children to have more essentialist beliefs about the group and to share fewer resources with group members, but did not lead to out‐group dislike. Essentialism thus underlies some negative intergroup phenomena, but does not lead directly to the development of prejudice.
Abstract
Background
During the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, psychological problems like anxiety, depression, irritability, mood swings, inattention and sleep disturbance are fairly common among ...quarantined children in several studies. A systematic review of these publications to provide an accurate burden of these psychiatric/behavioral problems is needed for planning mitigating measures by the health authorities.
Methods
Different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, medRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched for articles describing psychological/behavioral complications in children/adolescents with/without pre-existing behavioral abnormalities and their caregivers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Only original articles with/without comparator arms and a minimum sample size of 50 were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate of various psychological/behavioral problems was calculated using a random-effect meta-analysis.
Results
Fifteen studies describing 22 996 children/adolescents fulfilled the eligibility criteria from a total of 219 records. Overall, 34.5%, 41.7%, 42.3% and 30.8% of children were found to be suffering from anxiety, depression, irritability and inattention. Although the behavior/psychological state of a total of 79.4% of children was affected negatively by the pandemic and quarantine, at least 22.5% of children had a significant fear of COVID-19, and 35.2% and 21.3% of children had boredom and sleep disturbance. Similarly, 52.3% and 27.4% of caregivers developed anxiety and depression, respectively, while being in isolation with children.
Conclusion
Anxiety, depression, irritability, boredom, inattention and fear of COVID-19 are predominant new-onset psychological problems in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with pre-existing behavioral problems like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have a high probability of worsening of their behavioral symptoms.
Bins, bodies, and brains Boyce, Niall
The Lancet,
06/2024, Volume:
403, Issue:
10442
Journal Article, Book Review
Peer reviewed
Cynthia refers to the children's television show Blue Peter, whose presenters used discarded objects for craft projects, and we see a clip of an old episode. Maria, we learn, has been in foster care ...for a decade, following a hoarding-related accident that took her mother out of the picture. Maria offers no explanation for her behaviour beyond a few fragmented statements: “I can smell a memory”, she declares at one point; at another, “Bins. In an age of weightless CGI in cinema, it's a welcome shock to see a film that is so skilled in portraying tactile physical—and mental—reality.
•A critical gap in the tourism literature—children’s tourist experiences is discussed.•Reasons for the scarcity of studies on children are highlighted.•Recommendations on how children’s experiences ...should be revealed are suggested.•Children’s voices ought to be included in tourism research.
This research note discusses a critical gap in the tourism literature—children’s travel, and specifically, their tourist experiences based on their own perspectives. The paper highlights a few reasons for the scarcity of studies on children, followed by a recommendation on how children’s experiences should be revealed, arguing that children’s voices ought to be heard if the aim of scholarly inquiry is to conceptualize the tourist experience comprehensively and responsibly.
Childhood Psychosis is a well-structured and informative study that explores childhood psychosis and its different manifestations in depth, with special emphasis on the relation between psychosis and ...autism. Tendlarz uses clinical cases to illustrate different aspects of psychoanalytic theories and treatments.
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