The effects of canopy treatment with chitosan and the effects of the vineyard location on the quality parameters, volatile and non-volatile profiles, and sensory profile of Pinot Noir wines from ...South Tyrol (Italy) were studied. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to identify the most relevant compounds associated with the variability in phenolics and anthocyanins (analyzed by UHPLC-MS), volatile components (HS-SPME-GCxGC-ToF/MS), and basic enological parameters. A clear separation of low-altitude wines (350 m.a.s.l.), which had a high concentration of most of the identified volatile compounds, compared to high-altitude wines (800 and 1050-1150 m.a.s.l.) was pointed out. Low altitude minimized the concentration of the most significant anthocyanins in wines from a valley bottom, presumably due to reduced sun exposure. Wines obtained from chitosan-treated canopies, and, more particularly, those subjected to multiple treatments per year showed a higher amount of the main non-volatile phenolics and were sensorially described as having "unpleasant flavors" and "odors", which might suggest that grape metabolism is slightly altered compared to untreated grapevines. Thus, optimization of the treatment with chitosan should be further investigated.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of chitosan dip (1% w/v) and vacuum packaging on the shelf life of fresh chicken burgers packaged in LDPE/PA/LDPE bags and stored ...at 4 ± 1
°
C for up to 12 days. Furthermore, the possible correlation among microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory indices was investigated. Burger treatments included: aerobic packaging (AP, control), vacuum packaging (VP), chitosan dipping (CHI), and vacuum packaging plus chitosan dipping (VP + CHI). Microbiological Total viable count (TVC),
Pseudomonas
spp.,
Brochothrix thermosphacta
, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), physicochemical color, pH, total volatile basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), and Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and sensory (odor, taste, and texture) analyses were carried out. Results showed that the majority of microbiological, physico-chemical, and sensory analysis parameters varied significantly (
p
< 0.05) depending on treatment. Based primarily on sensory, followed by microbiological and physico-chemical data, the shelf life of chicken burgers was 4 days for AP samples, 8 days for VP samples, 10 days for CHI treated samples, and 12 days for the VP + CHI treated samples. Finally, a positive and significant correlation (
p
< 0.05) was observed among most microbiological, sensory, and physico-chemical data, introducing new data relating initial TVC to TVB-N values regarding alternative treatments of minced chicken meat for its optimum preservation.
Due to medicinal value, phenolics are of great interest. Many investigations have already been conducted on
Linum album
Kotschy ex Boiss to increase these valuable compounds especially lignans. In ...the present work, the hairy roots of the
L. album
were treated with 200 mg L
−1
chitosan for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and the lignan contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To understand the governing upstream routes, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA), the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the amino acids, polyamines, and phenylpropanoids were determined by HPLC and spectroscopy techniques. The levels of regulatory molecules (H
2
O
2
, NO, and SA) enhanced at first hours of treatment and the antioxidant enzymatic activities increased in correlation with them. This observation might be attributed to adjustment of the oxidative status and direction of the elicited cells toward specific defensive responses. The content of amino acids, polyamines, and phenylpropanoids underwent a time-dependent reprogramming. The amino acid metabolism shifted toward the elevated levels of glutamate, aspartate, arginine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine after 24 h as well as correlated with the modulation of polyamines and phenylpropanoids. After 72 h, there was a channeling of the cell metabolism towards the accumulation of secondary metabolites, mainly podophyllotoxin, 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin, catechin, and vitexin. These results propose the complex relationship between the regulatory molecules and the profile of nitrogenous compounds enhanced the phenolics accumulation.
Key Message
Chitosan treatment of
Linum album
hairy roots activates signaling network accompanied by modulation of nitrogenous compounds and alteration of defensive pathways towards production of phenylpropanoids.
Biodegradable jute geotextiles (JGTs) are an effective reinforcing material for unpaved roads, but its serviceability is limited because of faster microbial degradation. Different methods are in use ...to improve the serviceability of jute geotextiles. In this paper, the influence of CA-chitosan treatment, road design, and rainfall intensity on the time-dependent serviceability of JGTs has been studied. Chemically treated jute geotextiles are laid in unpaved road designs with and without sand layer, for 30, 60, and 90 days' duration, and are exposed to simulated rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm/hr. With an increase in time of usage, breaking load and puncture resistance decrease due to microbial attack, and pore size decreases due to clogging of soil in JGTs. Chemical treatment is observed to have a greater influence on the serviceability, followed by the presence of a sand layer in road design and the rainfall intensity and shows retention % in tensile strength of 87.42% and 91.21% after 30 days duration. Further, the overall performance of CA-chitosan treated JGTs is observed to be better than untreated JGTs.
The use of chitosan, a partially deacetylated chitin, to fractionate aqueous solutions of caseinmacropeptides (CMPs) was studied. The polycationic character of chitosan at acidic pH values allows the ...formation of complexes with negatively charged CMP molecules, inducing their flocculation. Glycosylated CMP (GMP) has higher affinity for chitosan than nonglycosylated forms (NGMP). The carboxylic groups in the carbohydrate moiety of the GMP increase the negative charge of the molecule and may play a role in the selective precipitation. At pH 5.0, 0.08 mg/mL of chitosan completely removed the GMP whereas 70% of NGMP remained in solution. As the pH increased, the amount of chitosan to ensure complete removal of GMP increased up to 0.19 and 0.34 mg/mL for pH 6.0 and 6.6, respectively. Keywords: Glycosylated CMP; fractionation; chitosan treatment; caseinmacropeptide
The effects of germinating types and treatments of acetic acid, water-soluble and water-insoluble chitosan on the germination ratio and sprout length of brown rice were investigated in this study. ...The treatment of 0.001% acetic acid improved the germination ratio and sprout growth of brown rice in the germinating types of a air-exposure method after water-soaking (Type Ⅱ) and a repetitive method of water-soaking and air-exposure (Type Ⅲ), not water-soaking method (Type Ⅰ). The treatment of water-soluble chitosan with higher concentration caused higher germination ratio and faster sprout growth.
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