ABSTRACT
This article argues that the vernacular of development, as deployed in and about African communities, is a racial vernacular. It is a racial vernacular of development because it is deployed ...within, in this case, the resource extraction industry (as well as within the broader development enterprise) in ways that sustain racial thought, index particular racial meanings, and prescribe social practices. How do we understand the processes through which racial codes are embedded and naturalized in practices ranging from the management and bureaucracy of resource extractions to the power structure of the world system that places African sovereignty below Western nongovernmental organizations and corporations? The development complex incorporates the unequal material relationships and processes that structure engagement between the Global South and the Global North, and its racial vernacular is the primary discursive scaffolding for these relationships. development, race, resource extraction, Ghana
RESUMEN
Este ensayo argumenta que la lengua vernácula del desarrollo, como es utilizada en y acerca de comunidades africanas, es una lengua vernácula racial. Es una lengua vernácula racial del desarrollo porque es utilizada dentro, en este caso, la industria de extracción de recursos (así como dentro de la empresa más amplia del desarrollo) en formas que sostienen un pensamiento racial, cataloga significados raciales particulares, y prescribe prácticas sociales. ¿Cómo entendemos los procesos a través de los cuales códigos raciales están embebidos y naturalizados en prácticas que van desde la gestión y la burocracia de extracciones de recursos hasta la estructura de poder del sistema mundial que coloca la soberanía africana por debajo de organizaciones no gubernamentales y corporaciones occidentales? El complejo del desarrollo incorpora las relaciones materiales desiguales y los procesos que estructuran la interacción entre el Sur Global y el Norte Global, y su lengua vernácula racial es el andamiaje discursivo primario para estas relaciones. desarrollo, raza, extracción de recursos, Ghana
The Donate Speech campaign has so far succeeded in gathering approximately 3600 h of ordinary, colloquial Finnish speech into the
Lahjoita puhetta
(
Donate Speech
) corpus. The corpus includes over ...twenty thousand speakers from all the regions of Finland and from all age brackets. The primary goals of the collection were to create a representative, large-scale resource to study spontaneous spoken Finnish and to accelerate the development of language technology and speech-based services. In this paper, we present the collection process and the collected corpus, and showcase its versatility through multiple use cases. The evaluated use cases include: automatic speech recognition of spontaneous speech, detection of age, gender, dialect and topic and metadata analysis. We provide benchmarks for the use cases, as well downloadable, trained baseline systems with open-source code for reproducibility. One further use case is to verify the metadata and transcripts given in this corpus itself, and to suggest artificial metadata and transcripts for the part of the corpus where it is missing.
I investigate the interpretation of the associative plural tó/dó in Colloquial Burmese based on original fieldwork. I report that in a conjunction of associative plurals, there is an available ...reading where the named individuals in the conjunction internally satisfy the plural requirement. I call this the internal plural reading, a reading which has not been previously observed in the literature. I propose that the named individuals in a conjunction of associative plurals can satisfy each other's plural requirement if the Burmese associative plural has a meaning that ixs post-suppositional. The proposal is inspired by Brasoveanu & Szabolcsi 2013's treatment of conjunctions of additive phrases in some languages, but our proposals crucially differ in that associative plurals contribute assertive meaning rather than not-at-issue meaning.
Rachel Jeantel was the leading prosecution witness when George Zimmerman was tried for killing Trayvon Martin, but she spoke in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and her crucial testimony ...was dismissed as incomprehensible and not credible. The disregard for her speech in court and the media is familiar to vernacular speakers and puts Linguistics itself on trial: following Saussure, how do we dispel such 'prejudices' and 'fictions'? We show that Jeantel speaks a highly systematic AAVE, with possible Caribbean influence. We also discuss voice quality and other factors that bedeviled her testimony, including dialect unfamiliarity and institutionalized racism. Finally, we suggest strategies for linguists to help vernacular speakers be better heard in courtrooms and beyond.
This paper shows the results of an analysis of humor in conversations in Peninsular Spanish, balanced between the short disruption of the progress of conversation and the sustained humor along a ...sequence. 67 conversations of a total duration of approximately 945 min were compiled, and from these conversations 148 humorous sequences were extracted. The data shows a trend (40%) towards the Least Disruption Principle (Eisterhold et al., 2006; Attardo et al. 2011, 2013), since irony and humor occur in a single turn and responses are limited to a later turn in 14% of instances. However, our corpus supports a wide-ranging trend towards sustained humor (Attardo, 2019) over more than three turns (46%). Additionally, the type of response (Kotthoff, 2003) is analyzed: to the said (11.36%), to the implied (19.32%), laughter (13.64%) and mixed responses (55.68%). Our analysis of humorous sequences indicates that there is a consistent framework in which as mixed responses increase, the humorous mode is fostered in colloquial conversations.
•Corpus-based study in Peninsular Spanish.•Quantitative and qualitative research on humor and irony in 67 real conversations.•Balance between the Least Disruption Principle (Eisterhold et al., 2006) and the sustained humor (Attardo, 2019).•Study of reactions beyond an intervention: to the said, to the implicated, with laughter and mixed response (according to Kotthoff, 2003).
Cet article, qui porte sur les messages textes en français québécois, considère cette pratique langagière comme un lieu privilégié de l’expression du vernaculaire. L’analyse situe la langue des ...textos dans le débat qui a cours sur la diglossie et la variation en français. S’appuyant sur une analyse de textos tirés du corpus Texto4Science, l’article explique comment cette pratique vernaculaire s’appuie, comme l’oral familier, sur une grammaire qui se distingue de façon systématique du français de référence. De l’examen des données se dégage une grammaire à la fois variable et perméable. Enfin, l’article examine l’émergence d’une scripta vernaculaire et une néographie qui révèlent un effort délibéré de représenter des variantes vernaculaires.
Abstracta
Nuestra habilidad para entender las emociones de los demás en el habla es clave para conseguir una interacción
social exitosa. Estudios procedentes de varias disciplinas apuntan que la ...prosodia es un elemento fundamental para que este éxito
se produzca. Partiendo de la premisa de que la emoción es principalmente una reacción o respuesta a un estímulo previo, en este
trabajo hemos analizado si es posible establecer una relación entre el enunciado que provoca la reacción emocional (detonador) y
la respuesta emocional propiamente dicha, observando el comportamiento de las magnitudes acústicas (F0, dB y VEL) en el marco de
la conversación coloquial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis: (a) la reacción sintagmática, entendida como la
reacción a lo anterior (sea a la intervención de un hablante previo o sea a la parte no emocional de la intervención de un mismo
hablante); y (b) la reacción paradigmática, esto es, qué sucede con los parámetros acústicos mencionados si son cotejados con el
registro medio del hablante (F0, dB, VEL). Los resultados del análisis acústico-estadístico señalan que hay regularidad y
direccionalidad manifiestas en el comportamiento de la F0 en las relaciones sintagmáticas. Esta regularidad, sin embargo, no es
extrapolable a las otras dos magnitudes, ni a las reacciones paradigmáticas.
The present study sheds light on epistemic stance of discourse markers nih on the assessment conducted on YouTube food reviews spoken in colloquial Jakartan Indonesian. Nih indicates speakers’ claim ...of sharing knowledge. The speakers position themselves as the ones who have knowledge and share it with the watchers who are assumed as the ones with no knowledge of the objects. Mostly, nih is used in the first assessment. In the second assessment, the speakers tend to illustrate the unclear aspect of the first assessment by applying nih. The speakers also apply simile when assessing the dishes to associate the items assessed with more common items. Thus, it will be easier for the audience to comprehend every detail of the assessment. Nih tends to collocate with demonstratives nih, ni, and ini. With the collocations, the speakers guide the hearers to notice the objects or the actions before distributing the knowledge.
Arabic dialects also called colloquial Arabic or vernaculars are spoken varieties of Standard Arabic. These dialects have mixed form with many variations due to the influence of ancient local tongues ...and other languages like European ones. Many of these dialects are mutually incomprehensible. Arabic dialects were not written until recently and were used only in a speech form. Nowadays, with the advent of the internet and mobile telephony technologies, these dialects are increasingly used in a written form. Indeed, this kind of communication brought everyday conversations to a written format. This allows Arab people to use their dialects, which are their actual native languages for expressing their opinion on social media, for chatting, texting, etc. This growing use opens new research direction for Arabic natural language processing (NLP). We focus, in this paper, on machine translation in the context of Arabic dialects. We provide a survey of recent research in this area. We report for each study a detailed description of the adopted approach and we give its most relevant contribution.
PDF
