The Functions of the Invective Lexicon Huseynova, Ulvuyye Shirzad kizi
Traektorii͡a︡ nauki : mezhdunarodnyĭ ėlektronnyĭ nauchnyĭ zhurnal,
10/2023, Volume:
9, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Invective vocabulary has recently been of interest to linguists, so we paid attention to the semantic development of this layer of language. The article aims to investigate this layer and how this ...layer is formed. The formation of invective vocabulary occurs mainly with the help of the following lexico-semantic methods: the transition of ordinary language into invective due to the means of linguistic expressiveness. Of particular interest is the communicative aspect of the use of invectives. Even though that many words are quite often used as abuses not only in live communication but also in many texts, this possible meaning is not always recorded in dictionaries.
La moral de la forma coloquialista que se desarrolla en Latinoamérica durante la década del sesenta encuentra en la comunicabilidad un principio poético que opera como garante del compromiso ...histórico del género. En el seno del circuito poético posterior al regreso de la democracia en Argentina en 1983, la revista argentina Diario de poesía (1986-2012) problematiza, en el marco del programa objetivista naciente, los vínculos entre poesía y realidad. En este contexto, la formación interroga los presupuestos del coloquialismo, a la vez que recupera como horizonte la construcción de una lengua coloquial
The demonstrative/filler neige in Mandarin Chinese is potentially contentious outside that language,as it bears resemblance in terms of pronunciation with a racial slur in English. Nonetheless, ...neigedoes not possess any racist connotation in Mandarin Chinese, and its analysis needs to take intoconsideration historical and contextual information. The form neige is a colloquialism of its formalequivalent nage, which has functioned as a demonstrative determiner/pronoun or a discoursemarker in verbal communication since ancient periods. The derivation of nei from na is realisedvia suppression of the demonstrative with the numeral yi ‘one’, and this phenomenon occurredeven before Mandarin was invented as a national lingua franca. Differently from languages suchas English in which the number of homophones is limited, Chinese contains an enormous amountof syllables with myriads of homophones, owing to the fact that Chinese is a tone language thatdepends on tone implications to differentiate meanings and syllables/words are hence predominantlymono- or bi-morphemic. As a consequence, homophones pertaining to Chinese aboundboth language-internally and cross-linguistically. Among the repercussions of homophony are theliterary inquisitions during the Qing era that sabotaged freedom of creation. Therefore, the interpretationand comprehension of neige need to be objective and impartial.
Millennials’ “Get a ‘Real Job’” O’Connor, Amy; Raile, Amber N. W.
Management communication quarterly,
05/2015, Volume:
29, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This study provides a replication of Clair’s research on the colloquialism “real job.” Colloquial meanings are influenced by generational and sociocultural changes; thus, a replication exposes how ...Millennials who are coming of age during the Great Recession understand the phrase. Analysis of data from 139 currently matriculated Millennials suggests that a real job provides a salary that is utilitarian rather than lucrative, offers medical and retirement benefits, and is fulfilling. Our analysis revealed four themes that are presented under the broad categories of acceptance (right of passage; mark of distinction) and rejection (meaningless concept; relativism) of the colloquialism. Overall, participants were divided about the utility of the term and nearly half of the students rejected that a real job exists. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Abstract
Colloquialization has been identified as one of the most crucial change processes of the English language, through
which written genres gradually shift towards spoken styles. Colloquialism ...refers to the synchronous features resulting from
colloquialization. There is limited research into the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating colloquialism in Chinese or how
Chinese colloquialism manifests in different spoken and written genres. To extract the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating
colloquialism in Chinese, this study used a corpus-driven approach to determine and compare keywords and phrase frames from two
training Chinese corpora and those keywords and phrase frames with higher frequencies were retained for further testing.
With the development of the Internet, there has been a significant increase in various types of textual information. However, when people engage in the composition of formal texts, they often ...incorporate their colloquial habits, which can diminish the professionalism and formality of the text. Existing research on Chinese texts primarily focuses on correcting misspelt characters that are visually or phonetically similar, as well as obvious grammatical errors, such as redundancy, omissions, and incorrect word order. However, there is limited research addressing the correction of text that exhibits colloquial expressions without apparent grammatical errors or misspelt characters. This article proposes a novel technique that utilizes deep learning methods to directly transform colloquial textual expressions into formal written expressions. Firstly, a parallel corpus dataset of written and spoken language is constructed using a back-translation strategy. Then, an end-to-end learning mechanism based on neural machine translation is employed, with colloquial text as the source language and written text as the target language. This allows the model to directly transform the colloquial text into text with a formal style. Finally, an evaluation of the proposed approach is conducted using the bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) and manual assessment techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that the technology proposed in this paper performs well in the task of de-colloquialization in Chinese texts. The contribution of this paper lies in proposing an automated method for collecting a substitute for manually annotated parallel corpora of spoken and written language, which significantly saves time and reduces the manual cost of constructing the dataset. Furthermore, the application of end-to-end learning techniques from neural machine translation to the task of de-colloquialization allows the trained model to directly generate written language flexibly based on the input of spoken language. This presents a novel solution for the task of the de-colloquialization of Chinese text.
This study examines Chinese post-1980s women's meanings of work at the intersections of gender, generation, and culture. A feminist ventriloquial approach is used to tease out the enactment of ...tensions in the communicative constitutions of the colloquialism hao gongzuo ("good work"). Figures such as women's personal aspirations, gender roles, cultural and generational values, and the material conditions of the Chinese workplace ventriloquize into their everyday constructions. This study finds that post-1980s women are both perpetuators and dissidents of gendered and national-cultural work ideology as they negotiate various tensions to frame good work as wending (stable), timian (face adding, status promoting), and yourenyouyu (fulfilling, achieving). Situated in the context of a transitional developing country rooted in Eastern traditions, this study unpacks how various discursive and material forces engage in tensional constructions of work meanings and sheds light on women's career socialization and gender equity in the Chinese workplace.
The Victorian period in Britain saw the curious emergence of the word 'brick' as a term of high praise, picking out for commendation certain qualities of character: reliability and a lack of whimsy. ...The novels and everyday conversation of the period were full of such phrases as 'you're a brick' or 'he's a regular brick'. In this paper, I trace the history of this phrase in the respectable as well as popular literature of the period, including some ironic attempts to claim for it a classical pedigree. I offer some hypotheses about how we might understand the metaphor of the brick in terms of the needs and values of mainstream British (and more generally, imperial) culture in the period. As an illuminating contrast, I consider the fate of a similar metaphor from mid-twentieth-century culture, 'square', which picks out roughly similar qualities of character but to reprove them. I conclude with some theoretical reflections on how the study of outdated colloquialisms might bring the resources of historical linguistics to bear on the study of the history of moral concepts.
The paper presents selected translations of Don Giovanni’s libretto originally written by Lorenzo da Ponte (translations by: K. Konopacka/L. René, G. Janiak, A. Księżopolska‑Makuracka, S. Barańczak) ...and discusses various types of stylization present in them.
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