Population density is a serious problem for the existence of the peasant community and its agricultural landscape. In this situation, deagrarianization becomes a necessity because the economies scale ...of farming are becoming smaller and not profitable for peasants. This paper aims to analyze the community's strategy in maintaining its agrarian landscape. Data for this study were obtained through community case study method. Live in strategy is done for 2.5 months to deepen understanding at the community. The results showed that the peasant community was actively defend not to get out from agriculture. Expansion by increasing land ownership and reducing population numbers are the two main strategies. This strategy allows the ratio of agrarian landscape and agrarian density not to make the younger generation lose the opportunity to own agricultural land. Optimism to increase ownership of agricultural land for the younger generation is done by buying agricultural land from those who are not interested in pursuing agriculture.Keywords: land ownership, agriculture, deagrarianization, community strategyIntisari: Kepadatan penduduk merupakan masalah serius bagi eksistensi komunitas petani dan bentang agrarianya. Dalam situasi serupa ini, deagrarianisasi menjadi sebuah keniscayaan karena skala ekonomi usaha tani menjadi semakin kecil dan tidak menguntungkan bagi petani. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi komunitas dalam mempertahankan bentang agrarianya. Data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh melalui metode studi kasus komunitas. Pendalaman di tingkat komunitas dilakukan dengan live in selama 2,5 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas petani secara aktif berstrategi untuk tidak keluar dari pertanian. Ekspansi dengan menambah kepemilikan lahan dan mengurangi jumlah populasi merupakan dua strategi yang utama. Strategi ini memungkinkan rasio bentang agraria dan kepadatan agraris tidak membuat generasi yang lebih muda kehilangan kesempatan untuk memiliki lahan pertanian. Optimisme menambah kepemilikan lahan pertanian bagi generasi yang lebih muda dilakukan dengan cara membeli lahan pertanian dari mereka yang sudah tidak berminat menekuni pertanian.Kata Kunci: kepemilikan lahan, pertanian, deagrarianisasi, strategi komunitas
Despite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in Eldoret municipality, health care service of young street females (YSFs) is still deficient. The ...present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections (RTI) health services among the target population.
A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10–24 years. The study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the respondents.
The study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in Eldoret municipality. A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package (97.1%) when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase (51.0%)(p＜0.001). Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention; 72.0% and 94.1% of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase, respectively (p = 0.011).
The study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females.
•Despite the availability of a dedicated clinic for the street families, there is still low uptake of services.•This study employed the use of community strategy package as an intervention to increase utilization of health services amongst young street females.•The intervention gave positive outcome and the study findings can be useful in formulating interventions for promoting the health of young street females.
We argue for embedding land use policy in broader strategies of community development as a way of contributing to the long-term success of communities and identify enabling factors for strategy ...formation and for coordination between land use policy and such strategy. In analysing eight case communities in Alberta, Canada, we identified several types of non- coordination involved: non-coordination between institutions organizing land use (‘land use tools’), non-coordination between land use tools and broader development strategies and non-coordination between such strategies and circulating narratives on the long-term. Higher level actors, single sector economies, prior strategies, strength of local administration, identity and ideology are factors shaping the formation of strategy and the coordination between strategy, long-term perspectives and land use tools. If strategy emerges, it can compete with others, it can still be ignored, or undermined through exceptions, not communicating and not- updating. Local government does not always have a grip on its own future. Strategy is presented as both narrative and institution and slowly reveals itself as a function, not a form.
•Land use policy requires embedding in broader strategies.•We identify enabling factors for the emergence of strategy.•In co-evolution those factors can have positive and negative effects.•We discern reasons for non-linking land use tools and strategy Local strategy is a function not a form.
In Singapore, a broad range of healthcare services are provided by multiple healthcare providers, government agencies and volunteer welfare organizations to support the care of patients in the ...community after their discharge from the hospital. These services, though comprehensive, operate in silos and are often reactive and piecemeal resulting in a chaotic support system which is difficult for patients to navigate. This in turn leads to care that is fragmented and incoherent. It is conceivable that the solution is not to create more services but to strengthen the complex relationships between these services to construct a seamless, complementary and integrated network of care which is able to support the patient in the community with the simplicity of a single touchpoint. We describe here our strategy to use a campus, built for the community, as a catalyst for integration of health and social care beyond the confines of the hospital. Methods: In June 2018, Alexandra Hospital became the first Integrated General Hospital in Singapore; the mission - to become a health-empowering campus which delivers holistic care across the care continuum. As part of our strategy, we first started by mapping existing services in the community to sketch a landscape of the support services. A comprehensive and coherent network of care, together with an implementation framework, was then constructed based on our understanding of the needs of the community. Next, we shared this framework, exchanged ideas and refined our strategy through multiple engagement sessions with key stakeholders of Queenstown, including community leaders, primary care physicians and social service providers. The key areas in the framework include forming a Community Strategy Workgroup, developing satellite hubs, setting up home-based care teams, designing training programmes to enhance community partner capabilities to meet care demands with a focus on end-of-life care in the community and nursing homes, promoting shared care with primary care and the use of telehealth. Concurrently, care managers, community case workers, community nurses and the patients’ primary physicians come together to form the One Care Team, which serves as the single touchpoint to help patients navigate this network of care. Results: The strengths of this model are manifold. Firstly, the identification of the care team ensures ownership of the patient’s care and a handover between providers. Secondly, by establishing a close working relationship with our community partners, we have taken a collaborative approach to managing the health and social needs of the patients holistically. Thirdly, this common platform allows a review of the patient’s care goals, ensuring a consistent care plan across care settings. Conclusion and lessons: A strategy based on strengthening relationships between hospital and community partners to create a complementary and comprehensive community of care, which is delivered with the simplicity of One Care Team, can help achieve health and social integration in an otherwise fragmented system. Future plans: This plan is in its pilot stage. We will continue to collect data, monitor patient outcomes and refine our strategy to improve its applicability across the country.
With the increasing globalization, there are many sources of uncertainty across the entire high-tech electronics equipment supply chain. These include demand uncertainty and supply uncertainty due to ...the use of unskilled labor, as well as the sudden breakdown of production facilities of upstream players. These cause many problems, including excess inventory and poor service, to name but two. Information sharing is a very important tool in dealing with these sort of problems because it helps to eradicate potential uncertainties related to various corporate behaviors. Although there has been much research on this subject since the 1990s, there have not been sufficient efforts to identify the control characteristics, or the responsiveness of various information-sharing methods. Our objective here is to clarify the control characteristics of information-sharing methods closely related to the supply chain community strategy. In this study, we evaluate the supply chain performance of two different types of information-sharing methods. One is the planned demand transferring method (PDTM), and the other is the forecasted demand distributing method (FDDM). We analyze supply chain performance for both methods in terms of throughput, inventory level, and service level.
Este documento considera la biodiversidad y la cultura como una oportunidad pedagógica para fortalecerse en tiempos de pandemia. Por ello se propone una estrategia pedagógica alternativa comunitaria ...que permita avanzar en la construcción de una cultura ambiental, teniendo como ejes para su desarrollo: la biodiversidad como ambiente de aprendizaje, la biodiversidad como ambiente de investigación, la biodiversidad como sistema alternativo ecosocial. Así mismo, aborda la cultura y la biodiversidad como industria a cargo de las diversas organizaciones o instituciones, y la mirada cultural desde las etnias.
Context:
Software-intensive organizations’ rationale for sharing Open Source Software (OSS) may be driven by both idealistic, strategic and commercial objectives, and include both monetary as well as ...non-monetary benefits. To gain the potential benefits, an organization may need to consider what they share and how, while taking into account risks, costs and other complexities.
Objective:
This study aims to empirically investigate objectives and complexities organizations need to consider and balance between when deciding on what software to share as OSS, when to share it, and whether to create a new or contribute to an existing community.
Method:
A multiple-case study of three case organizations was conducted in two research cycles, with data gathered from interviews with 20 practitioners from these organizations. The data was analyzed qualitatively in an inductive and iterative coding process.
Results:
12 contribution objectives and 15 contribution complexities were found. Objectives include opportunities for improving reputation, managing suppliers, managing partners and competitors, and exploiting externally available knowledge and resources. Complexities include risk of loosing control, risk of giving away competitive advantage, risk of creating negative exposure, costs of contributing, and the possibility and need to contribute to an existing or new community.
Conclusions:
Cross-case analysis and interview validation show that the identified objectives and complexities offer organizations a possibility to reflect on and adapt their contribution strategies based on their specific contexts and business goals.
This article will explain the Zhonghua community strategy and its impact on the formation of the self-identity of Joseon's political elites, and the resulting change in the Ming court's attitude ...toward the Joseon dynasty. The architect of the institutions of the early Joseon dynasty, Jeong Dojeon, insisted the Joseon dynasty should internalize Confucian moral values and become the model tributary in this world order. His plan was materialized by kings of the early Joseon dynasty. Among various policies, the establishment of new rituals was the key project of the Zhonghua community strategy. The political elites of the early Joseon dynasty prided themselves on representing the country of courtesy. In the mid-Ming period, the Ming court accepted Joseon's claim, and began treating it as a civilized country distinctive from other barbarian nations. Far from being a purely anachronistic policy of a distant period, this "Zhonghua community strategy" of the early Joseon dynasty can be taken as a reference point for understanding the policy-making of modern Korea.
Health care professionals, patients, caregivers, family, friends, and other supporters are increasingly joining online health communities to share information and find support. But social Web (Web ...2.0) technology alone does not create a successful online community. Building and sustaining a successful community requires an enabler and strategic community management. Community management is more than moderation. The developmental life cycle of a community has four stages: inception, establishment, maturity, and mitosis. Each stage presents distinct characteristics and management needs. This paper describes the community management strategies, resources, and expertise needed to build and maintain a thriving online health community; introduces some of the challenges; and provides a guide for health organizations considering this undertaking. The paper draws on insights from an ongoing study and observation of online communities as well as experience managing and consulting a variety of online health communities. Discussion includes effective community building practices relevant to each stage, such as outreach and relationship building, data collection, content creation, and other proven techniques that ensure the survival and steady growth of an online health community.
Context: In the Requirements Engineering (RE) process of an Open Source Software (OSS) community, an involved firm is a stakeholder among many. Conflicting agendas may create miss-alignment with the ...firm’s internal requirements strategy. In communities with meritocratic governance or with aspects thereof, a firm has the opportunity to affect the RE process in line with their own agenda by gaining influence through active and symbiotic engagements.
Objective: The focus of this study has been to identify what aspects that firms should consider when they assess their need of influencing the RE process in an OSS community, as well as what engagement practices that should be considered in order to gain this influence.
Method: Using a design science approach, 21 interviews with 18 industry professionals from 12 different software-intensive firms were conducted to explore, design and validate an artifact for the problem context.
Results: A Community Strategy Framework (CSF) is presented to help firms create community strategies that describe if and why they need influence on the RE process in a specific (meritocratic) OSS community, and how the firm could gain it. The framework consists of aspects and engagement practices. The aspects help determine how important an OSS project and its community is from business and technical perspectives. A community perspective is used when considering the feasibility and potential in gaining influence. The engagement practices are intended as a tool-box for how a firm can engage with a community in order to build influence needed.
Conclusion: It is concluded from interview-based validation that the proposed CSF may provide support for firms in creating and tailoring community strategies and help them to focus resources on communities that matter and gain the influence needed on their respective RE processes.
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