The aim of this paper is to compare the educational language policing in Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia. While distant geographically, the three countries experience similar linguistic processes ...when it comes to anglicisation, and propose different solutions to the issue of balancing linguistic rights, and promotion of English as the language of globalisation.This comparison aimed to find out what influences language policing in postcolonial countries, and in what ways language shift can be prevented. The aspects of language policing strategies are presented as a way of protecting linguistic human rights, but also as a way of dealing with the aftermaths of the policies implemented by the British Empire.Similarities and distinctions in the language policies of Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia prove that the weak position of native languages originates not in the “natural” decline of a language, but rather in the policy of promoting English by the colonial forces. Ethnic and linguistic discrimination favouring English speakers in Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia, originates in similar, imperial linguistic ideologies, which are still reflected in the current language policies of countries of colonial past. While the countries approach their bilingual educational policing in different ways, ultimately the outcomes seem similar when it comes to linguistic attitudes and prestige.
The East Baltic languages are well known for their conservative phonology as compared to other Indo-European languages, which has led to a stereotype that the Balts developed in isolation without ...much contact with other speech communities. This book challenges that view, taking a deep dive into the East Baltic lexicon and peeling away the layers of prehistoric borrowings in the process. As well as significant contact events with known languages, the lexicon also reveals evidence of contact with unattested languages from which previous populations must have shifted.
Eotile also known as bétiné is a Kwa language (J. Stewart 1989, K. Williamson and R. Blench 2000) from Côte d'Ivoire, a country in West Africa. Originally homogeneous, it split (H.Dagri-Diabaté 1984) ...into two varieties, adiaké and vitré, around the 18th century; inducing in synchrony different degrees of vitality and an evolution in distinct sociolinguistic environments. In fact, the adiaké spoken in the eponymous locality, with six speakers, is moribund (A.F.Kakou 2014). The vitré in Grand-Bassam is dynamic with around 3,500 speakers (T. L. Ahaté 2008, A. F. Kakou 2009). The opposite trajectories of these bétiné dialects have certainly resulted in linguistic variations. Hence the conduct of this study whose central question is to know what are the forms and syntax of the grammatical marks of the éotilé. The aim is to make a comparative inventory of these morphemes. To do this, the analyzes focused on a corpus made up of 800 lexemes and statements. From their examinations, it emerges that the dialects of the éotilé have in common bound and free grammatical morphemes. However, there are also some differences in form and syntax in these grammatical units.
Consistent demand for highly professional translators determines continuous attempts of researchers and programmers to develop and propose reliable tools for both improvement of translation quality ...and facilitation of translators’ work. Last ten years have brought the parallel and comparable corpora into the focus of Ukrainian scientists’ attention. The aim of the paper is to specify the prerequisites for building the English-Ukrainian parallel corpus and describe its application in Translation Studies. A parallel corpus as a separate type of linguistic corpora cannot be built without alignment that enables placing and extracting corresponding sentences/paragraphs of source and target texts in one space. To create parallel corpora, it is necessary to perform additional text preparation. The Sketch Engine system (an example of a web-oriented system for work with corpora) can offer the solution for annotation with Excel. However, Sketch Engine lacks artificial intelligence techniques for further word processing. There is probability that employment of a neural network in the future will enable text alignment in parallel corpora instead of system users. Data from parallel corpora can be used in translation lexicography, comparative lexico-grammatical works, studies in the theory and practice of translation, language teaching, and development of machine translation systems. Corpus-based translation analysis is extremely relevant to identifying translation solutions that can only be explored on the basis of translation products. It is stipulated by rather frequent absence of dictionary equivalents in most contexts and ready evidence of possible translation variants in parallel corpora that provide the usage of a language unit in a wide range of contexts.
The phenomena of grammatical metamorphosis are very recurrent in grammatical and contextual uses: the first is that of the migration from one class to another; a majority of DM is built from the ...decategorization - reclassification of morphemes belonging to other classes. The second is that of the opacity of the boundaries between the different markers.In the context of this paper, we will focus on the various canonical and contextual uses of the "but" connector by supporting, through examples, this categorical instability.
Although the analyst asks himself what humor is, (Noguez : 2000), the raised problem do not prevent the various manifestations of the questionned reality. On the contrary : in its written, gestural ...and verbal forms, humor stays an human activity with a social dimension that leans laughing to the group’s experiences (Bergson : 1900). That’s why, there is an « jewish humor » (Klatzmann : 1998), different of an ivorian humor, for example. In Ivory Coast, a long tradition of derision, powered by the social contexts and carried by the media and the artists, helped to create a type of humor. Certainly, books with funny stories are not successful, but the zouglou , the nouchi and the verbal performances of humorists make humor becomes today a prized art that have orality as pedestal (Tidou: 2015). So, with annual TV shows as Bonjour (the year), the ivorian humor forges itself an identity based on oral invariants.Between (self)derision and funny stories, relationship to colonial language (french) and reception of several waves of migrants, collective history and individual experience (and this one depends to that one) chewed by the verbal performance of humorists, for us, it’s about deciphering the oral invariants that specify humor from Ivory Coast to make it becames ans specific ivorian humor.
This contribution is intended to be a sociolinguistic study on the use and place of the French language among sub-Saharan students pursuing their studies in Algeria. Our main objective is to describe ...and evaluate the language practices adopted by the said students in the different communication situations as well as in their relations with those around them where sustained attention will be paid to French as the language of training in the differents disciplines in Algeria.
