The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced States to take restrictive measures to contain the growing number of infections. Among these measures, after the approval of vaccines by the EMA, the ...possibility of introducing a compulsory vaccination has become a plausible and attractive prospect. In Italy, Covid-19 compulsory vaccination is implemented by a succession of Decrees concerning specific categories of workers and, only recently, a section of the population with the recent Decree of 7 January, 2022, no. 1. However, if we look back at the most critical restrictions implemented in the country, we realise that a de facto obligation was already in place before establishing a de jure obligation. The following article traces the most important profiles of the vaccination obligation implemented de jure and de facto by the Italian government.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Fragestellung:
Einstellung von Pflegekräften zur SARS-CoV-2-Impfung und einer etwaigen Impfpflicht.
Methode:
Im Rahmen einer strukturierten anonymen wissenschaftlichen Erhebung ...zwischen 29. Januar und 26. April 2021 wurden Fragebögen an 72 Leiter von Orthopädie- und Unfallchirurgie-Abteilungen verschickt. Die Ärzte wurden gebeten, das Einverständnis von Klinikverwaltung, Pflegedienstleitung und Betriebsrat einzuholen und die Fragebögen an das Pflegepersonal zu verteilen und wieder einzusammeln. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv.
Ergebnisse:
Es wurden 355 Antworten aus 5 Kliniken ausgewertet. In 65 der 72 Kliniken lehnten Verwaltung, Pflegedienstleitung oder Betriebsrat die Teilnahme ab, in 2 Kliniken waren die ärztlichen Leiter nicht interessiert. 50,7% der Pflegekräfte waren bereits geimpft oder hatten einen festen Impftermin, 14,9% waren noch unentschlossen und 34,4% lehnten eine Impfung ab. Gegen eine Impfpflicht sprach sich die Mehrheit der Pflegekräfte aus (47,6%), weniger als ein Viertel befürwortete sie (23,4%).
Schlussfolgerung:
Die Impfbereitschaft war in dieser Umfrage ausgesprochen gering. Hauptgrund für Impfverweigerung ist Angst vor Nebenwirkungen, Aufklärung sollte daher in erster Linie auf dieses Thema fokussieren.
Schlüsselwörter:
SARS-CoV-2, Corona, COVID-19, Impfbereitschaft, Impfpflicht, Pflegekräfte, Nebenwirkungen, Impfskepsis
Eingereicht am 13.6.2021 - Revision akzeptiert am 21.6.2021
Background: Vaccine hesitancy represents one of the major global health issues around the world. We examined the perception, attitude, perceived barriers and facilitation measures of receiving the ...COVID-19 vaccine in a Chinese population with free vaccine choices (Sinovac Coronavac vs. BioNTech/Fosun Comirnaty) and adequate doses. Method: We conducted a random telephone survey of the general population in 1195 subjects aged 18 years or above from 23 April 2021 to 8 May 2021 after two months of vaccine rollout. A descriptive analysis of the levels of enabling factors, obstacles and perception of COVID-19 vaccination was conducted using ANOVA and Chi-square tests for trend. Results: Only 10.1% and 13.5% had received one and two COVID-19 vaccine doses, respectively. Among those who had not received any COVID-19 vaccine (75.4%), only 25.1% expressed their intention to receive in the coming 6 months. The barriers with the highest scores included “having heard of cases with serious adverse events or death after vaccination” (score: 8.17 out 10, 95% C.I. 7.99, 8.35), “lack of confidence on governmental recommendations” (7.69, 95% C.I. 7.47, 7.91), and “waiting for a better vaccine” (7.29, 95% C.I. 7.07, 7.52). The highest score for the impact of various incentives for vaccination was for “vaccine passports for overseas travel” (4.44, 95% C.I. 4.18, 4.71). Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy is commonly observed in this Chinese population despite adequate provision of vaccine doses and choices. No single incentive is strong enough to promote vaccination, and multiple facilitation measures for different groups of population are needed to encourage vaccine uptake. Active clarification and promotion by medical professionals together with a variety of incentives are needed to drive vaccine uptake.
La vacuna obligatoria de la COVID-19 y la exigencia del certificado en Ecuador constituyen políticas que dependen de la gobernabilidad y gobernanza del poder central, que arrastra crisis políticas, ...socioeconómicas, jurídicas, ambientales, de salud y salubridad, de gestiones anteriores y propias. Políticas enmarcadas en un modelo paternalista de salud, que es justificado en el caso de la vacuna obligatoria, por el riesgo y daño del SARS-Cov2, que forzó la autonomía al orden social, y que han generado debate. Existe un 7.8% de la población disidente a la vacuna por razones epistémicas de falta de conocimiento de su funcionamiento, y ético-políticas basadas en la libertad individual, pensamiento, y el alcance de poder del Estado. Las estadísticas demuestran que la mayoría de las personas vacilantes a la inmunización son sujetos colectivos históricamente discriminados, como los indígenas afroecuatorianos y montubios, que muchos pertenecen a la clase social baja, y habitan en la periferia que previamente a la pandemia, carecía de infraestructura en salud. Demostrando como las determinantes de la salud influyen, y se conjugan en un complejo biosocial diverso, creando vulnerabilidades y privilegios. La pandemia expone las desigualdades y problemas del modelo del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Por lo tanto, a través del método dialéctico, el artículo analiza las posiciones opuestas a la inmunización imperativa, y propone una tercera basada en un modelo sindémico de salud, que considera al complejo biosocial, cuyo mínimo normativo son los derechos humanos, libertad, dignidad y principios bioéticos de vulnerabilidad, interdependencia, diversidad cultural, pluralismo y justicia social.
The seat belt analogy argument is aimed at furthering the success of coercive vaccination efforts on the basis that the latter is similar to compulsory use of seat belts. However, this article ...demonstrated that this argument does not work so well in practice due to several reasons. The possibility of saving resources in health care does not usually apply in our societies, and the paternalist mentality that contributed to the implementation of seat belt–wearing obligation was predominant 30 years ago, but it does not apply at this moment. Furthermore, the risk/benefit analysis is totally different in both scenarios. In the case of seat belts, there is no way to discriminate between the users. In the case of vaccines, individuals present with unique circumstances that may differ substantially from those of another and might be foreseen a priori. This means that an analysis must be performed individually before vaccination is imposed. Finally, one must keep in mind that seat belts are often the only way in which we can protect third parties against a tragic hit by the occupant of another vehicle and are very efficient tools for this purpose. Vaccines, in contrast, do not always create sterilising immunity and are definitely not the only way by which we can avoid spreading a virus; immunity certificates, isolation, or even confinement may also serve as viable methods to achieve this purpose.
Conspiracies regarding vaccines are widely prevalent, with negative consequences on health-seeking behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate the possible association between the embrace of ...vaccine conspiracies and the attitude to booster COVID-19, seasonal influenza, and monkeypox (mpox) vaccinations as well as the perceived side effects following COVID-19 vaccination. The target population involved academic staff and university students in health colleges in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed in January 2023 to collect data on participants' demographics, self-reported side effects following each dose, willingness to get booster COVID-19, seasonal influenza, and mpox vaccinations, as well as an evaluation of vaccine conspiracies and attitude to mandatory vaccination. Among the 273 participants, the willingness to receive yearly booster COVID-19 vaccination was observed among 26.0% of the participants, while it was 46.9% and 34.1% for seasonal influenza and mpox vaccinations, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between endorsing vaccine conspiracies and higher frequency of self-reported side effects following uptake of the second and third doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine conspiracies were also correlated with attitude toward booster COVID-19, influenza, mpox, and mandatory vaccination. The findings of this pilot study highlighted the potential adverse impact of the preexisting notions and negative attitudes toward vaccines, which could have contributed to heightened perceived side effects following COVID-19 vaccination. The study also highlighted the ongoing divisions concerning mandatory vaccination policies, emphasizing the need for cautious implementation of this strategy as a last resort for public health benefit.
Since their broad implementation, immunizations have decreased morbidity and mortality due to a number of serious infectious diseases. In recent years, exaggerated concerns about the safety of ...immunizations have resulted in decreased immunization coverage in many regions and epidemic outbreaks of serious transmissible diseases - most particularly measles. This commentary reviews the legal justification for compulsory immunization and the ethical justification for civil incentives to assure compliance with immunization practices.
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