Since their broad implementation, immunizations have decreased morbidity and mortality due to a number of serious infectious diseases. In recent years, exaggerated concerns about the safety of ...immunizations have resulted in decreased immunization coverage in many regions and epidemic outbreaks of serious transmissible diseases - most particularly measles. This commentary reviews the legal justification for compulsory immunization and the ethical justification for civil incentives to assure compliance with immunization practices.
This study examines vaccine agreements in South Tyrol, Italy, within distinct socio-cultural and linguistic contexts. Using data from the 2021 and 2023 "COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring" extended ...surveys, we assessed changes in attitudes towards COVID-19 and other vaccinations during the second and final years of the pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors such as trust in institutions, language groups, and the use of complementary and alternative medicine. The representativeness of the study is supported by good participation rates, ensuring a comprehensive view of attitudes towards vaccination in the region. The results show a shift in public agreement with the national vaccination plan to 64% by 2023, from a rate of about 73% agreement in 2021 (
< 0.001). A significant decrease in trust in health authorities and a negative correlation with complementary and alternative medicine consultations were observed. The results highlight the complex nature of vaccine hesitancy in diverse regions such as South Tyrol and underline the need for targeted communication strategies and trust-building initiatives to effectively reduce hesitancy. This study provides critical insights for the formulation of public health strategies in diverse sociocultural settings.
Abstract
As vaccine hesitancy is on the rise around the world, apex courts in some countries have confronted the difficult task of striking a fair balance between individual rights and the common ...good. Against this background, the article discusses the compulsory vaccination cases heard by the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC). The TCC's case law illustrates that any interference with bodily integrity must first comply with the principle of lawfulness and its rulings addressed an important shortage of the current Turkish compulsory childhood vaccination policy. The article suggests that the principle of lawfulness in compulsory vaccination cases should not be taken lightly, even if it serves compelling public interests.
This contribution examines the inadmissibility of a preliminary reference order submitted by the Court of Padua, Italy to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The case involved the ...suspension of a worker, who, while legally obliged, declined to have the Covid-19 vaccine. The Italian court temporarily halted proceedings initiated by the worker's appeal. The author provides a comprehensive analysis facts of the case, the applicable national legislation, and the content of the preliminary reference order. The order scrutinised the compatibility of the conditional authorisation issued by the European Commission for the release of vaccines in circulation at that time. Additionally, it explored potential discrimination against workers who, by refusing vaccination, faced suspension from work without pay, as per explicit legal provisions. The contribution concludes by addressing the specific details of the inadmissibility ruling from the CJEU. Case: Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 13 July 2023. D. M. v Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Ordinario di Padova. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Public health – National legislation imposing a vaccination obligation on health professionals – Suspension from duty without pay for personnel refusing the vaccine – Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 – Medicinal products for human use – Vaccines against Covid-19 – Regulation (EC) No 507/2006 – Validity of conditional marketing authorisations – Regulation (EU) 2021/953 – Prohibition of discrimination between vaccinated and unvaccinated persons – Inadmissibility.
It needs to be stressed that the opponents of compulsory vaccination programmes for children, which are nowadays preferred by many states, are not unanimous in their arguments against such policies. ...Since its very beginnings, this preventive medical measure has, among other things, induced 'scientific objections' to its effectiveness and safety, conscientious objections (of religious and philosophical origin) and objections to restrictions imposed by the state with respect to human freedoms and bodily integrity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of ethical and legal issues related to compulsory vaccination. For some time now scientific circles have been preoccupied with the issue if the benefits of compulsory vaccination can prevail over all the problems caused thereby. The paper is also aimed at setting a limit on the state interference with personal autonomy and parental freedoms. This issue have broader political and social repercussions which are reflected in legislative and judicial discussions. In addition, special light is shed on the reasons behind the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia of 30 January 2014 dismissing the application for initiation of the procedure for assessment of compliance of particular provisions of the Act on the Protection of the Population against Communicable Diseases with the Constitution.
The COVID-19 outbreak has raised several global challenges related to disease management while highlighting the need to embrace a multidimensional approach in dealing with events such as. Due to the ...singular features of SARS-CoV-2, an appropriate medical response was required to develop new vaccines able to tackle it effectively. Mass vaccination plans were thus promptly launched around the world. However, vaccine uptake has been coupled with growing concerns that have affected people’s willingness to get vaccinated. To promote compliance with vaccination campaigns, many governments introduced the use of vaccination certificates and immunization passports. Studies have discussed some benefits and cons coupled with the rollout of vaccine passports or certificates. This paper takes up and extends this discussion by showing the results of a mini- narrative review we undertook with the aim of critically summarizing the existing scholarly research on the Green Pass in Italy. In analyzing the 12 included records, we explored the scientific viability of this measure, as well as the concerns and criticisms it has raised and the recommendations that have been proposed to address them, as a starting point to consider how the lesson learned in the Italian context can contribute to informing future reflections and strategies in view ofanother pandemic event.
Les vaccins obligatoires en France Blin, Aurore
Actualités pharmaceutiques,
January 2019, 2019-01-00, Volume:
58, Issue:
582
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Historiquement, les vaccinations obligatoires étaient destinées à combattre des maladies constituant des fléaux sanitaires. Jusqu’en 2017, seuls trois vaccins étaient concernés en France : la ...diphtérie, le tétanos et la poliomyélite. Face à une couverture vaccinale parfois insuffisante et à la réapparition d’épidémies, huit vaccins ont été, depuis, ajoutés à cette liste.
Historically, compulsory vaccinations were introduced to combat diseases constituting health scourges. Until 2017, only three vaccines were concerned in France: diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis. Faced with a vaccination coverage which is sometimes insufficient and the reappearance of epidemics, eight vaccines have since been added to this list.
The high childhood vaccination coverage in Israel leads to a low rate of morbidity from the diseases against which the vaccination in administered. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, children's ...immunization rates declined dramatically due to closures of schools and childcare services, lockdowns, and guidelines for physical distancing. In addition, parents' hesitancy, refusals, and delays in adhering to routine childhood immunizations seem to have increased during the pandemic. A decline in routine pediatric vaccine administration might indicate that the entire population faces increased risks for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Throughout history, vaccines have raised questions about their safety, efficacy, and need among adults and parents who feared or hesitated to vaccinate their children. Objections derive from various ideological and religious reasons or concerns about the possible inherent dangers. Mistrust in the government and/or economic or political interests also raise concerns among parents. The importance of providing vaccines to maintain public health, as opposed to the autonomy of the individuals over their body and their children, raises ethical questions. In Israel, there is no legal obligation to get vaccinated. It is imperative to find a decisive solution to this situation without delay. Furthermore, where democratically one's principles are sacred and where one's autonomy over one's body is also unquestionable, such a legal solution would not only be unacceptable but also rather impossible to enforce. It seems that some reasonable balance between the necessity to preserve public health and our democratic principles should apply.
Introduction: The spread of infectious diseases, the increasing number of people who refuse immunization, the study of international standards of patient's rights during immunization in modern ...conditions are relevant in modern medical law. The aim: The aim of this research is clarification of patient's rights international standards for vaccination against infectious diseases and ways of their further implementation in Ukraine.
Materials and methods: The research is conducted using general and special scientific methods (philosophical-dogmatic, dialectical, logical-normative, system-functional and comparative-legal analysis, statistical and others). The analysis of documents and statistics of international institutions, in particular, the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe (CE), the World Medical Association (WMA), legal acts of different countries, the judgments and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and other courts on human (patient) rights and their compliance with immunization (86 court decisions), and questionnaires is conducted. The views of V. Pashkov 1-3, L. Udovyka 2, N. Gutorova 3 and other researchers are studied.
Conclusions: International standards of patient's rights for vaccination against infectious diseases and standards when compulsory of vaccination is not violation of international standards of patient's rights are identified in the study. Suggestions are made regarding the future implementation of such standards in health care system of Ukraine.
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