Consumption of steroids and other performance and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is thought to be on the rise in Australia. Along with the benefits experienced by consumers come a range of health ...risks. This article draws on interviews conducted for an Australian research project on men who inject PIEDs to consider the ways in which information about managing these risks can be provided, the sources of information men use and value, and the professional relationships most effective for securing the best outcomes for them. As we will show, the men in our project expressed a very strong desire for reliable, credible information about risks and how to manage them, but also described often having to rely on information gleaned from sources of questionable reliability such as online forums and friends and acquaintances. Among the sources of information, advice and monitoring they expressed a desire to access were general medical practitioners (GPs), but high-quality interactions with GPs were, they argued, rarely possible. Using the recent work of Isabelle Stengers, particularly the notions of connoisseurship and symbiosis, we argue that new modes of engagement need to be developed that might allow men who consume PIEDs to access the information and support they need, including through their GPs. Following Stengers, we characterise the men in our project as ‘connoisseurs’ of PIEDs, and we consider what might be at stake and made possible were GPs and PIED connoisseurs to enter into more collaborative relationships to manage PIED-related health issues. In conducting our analysis, we argue for greater recognition of the complexities GPs face when encountering people engaged in illegal forms of consumption and call for new symbiotic models of engagement beyond both zero tolerance-style refusals to help and narrowly focused harm reduction approaches.
•Men who inject PIEDs seek quality advice from general medical practitioners (GPs).•Such advice is rarely available as GPs are reluctant to discuss PIED use.•Using the work of Stengers, these men can be described as ‘connoisseurs’ of PIEDs.•Connoisseurs articulate their own interests when seeking information from GPs.•Connoisseur/GP relationships can be ‘symbiotic’ if addressing overlapping interests.
This article was created on the wave of the ubiquitous and already-saturated topic of ethics in the field of artificial intelligence. We were motivated by the proliferation of rules within this field ...and by a posthumanism critique of this topic. We attempt to nurture a new research platform for a social science analysis of the “
How of ethics”
issue by providing an argument for the study of algorithms and ethical issues by expanding the usability of the concept of niche construction and environmental perspectives in ethnographic studies. From a design perspective, this means expanding the quest related to the ethical matter by intensifying the inquiry in a design that includes not just the design process but also a more comprehensive environment. Inspired by current trends in evolutionary anthropology, science studies, and the philosophy of science, we are in line with approaches that reaffirm ethical issues from standpoint theory in the current scientific debate about trust in science. The results of our historical perspective on the issue of value neutrality point out that the position where the tool is not neutral does not mean that it is biased but that it is deeply involved in the network of relationships that influence it to be biased, and that threatens its autonomy. By providing argumentation based on the issue of ethics, we have nurtured the so-called ecology of practice and connoisseurs as a new practice and perspective that ethnography can take on the issue of accountable, ethical, and trustable science.
The fact that perfumes have been regarded as enhancing one’s appearance opens up questions about knowing and wearing fragrances. The connections between fragrances and fashion are being reviewed ...first according to the notion of embodiment as applied to the understanding of clothing fashion (Entwistle 2000, 2015); then, the lens of “mediatization”, as applied by Rocamora (2017) to grasp the contemporary entanglement of fashion and digital media, further serves to turn to digital perfume communities. These constitute an essential resource to the extent that they share experiences while producing data about wearing and collecting fragrances. By tracing the recent insurgence of perfume criticism and by mapping certain techniques of entering into relation with fragrances through community members’ perfume reviews as well, the study argues that their idiosyncratic and often artistic language is countering the impersonal language of perfume advertising; ultimately, the study suggests unravelling perfume consumption patterns via an aesthetics of attention.
This contribution focuses on what was an topical subject in Rome in the first half of the twentieth century: urban green areas and their relationship with monuments. Interest in this topic was ...probably inspired by the traditional approach popular in nineteenth-century England, one which several members of the Roman cultural elite who studied vegetation and gardens (Giacomo Boni and Maria Ponti Pasolini) had become acquainted with thanks to the close ties they had established with English professionals. Since the unification of Italy, Rome had raised the issue of the inseparable relationship that city ruins had with vegetation; in fact, the 1873 master plan already contained guidelines regarding the layout of urban gardens, preferably using an English style. These guidelines played a crucial role in city planning and in creating unique areas, such as the Passeggiata Archeologica (the Archaeological Park, also known as the Zona Monumentale). The paper will focus on these developments and on the work of the people involved in these projects such as, Giacomo Boni, Maria Ponti Pasolini and Gustavo Giovannoni, all members of the Artistic Association of Architectural Connoisseurs - the AACAR founded in Rome in 1890, in order to follow the urban development of Italy's capital city.
Convenience foods enable the consumer to save time and effort in food activities, related to shopping, meal preparation and cooking, consumption and post-meal activities. The objective of this paper ...is to report on the attitudes and reported behaviour of food consumers in Great Britain based on a review of their convenience food lifestyle (CFLs). The paper also reports the development and application of a segmentation technique that can supply information on consumer attitudes towards convenience foods. The convenience food market in Great Britain is examined and the key drivers of growth in this market are highlighted. A survey was applied to a nationally representative sample of 1000 consumers (defined as the persons primarily responsible for food shopping and cooking in the household) in Great Britain in 2002. Segmentation analysis, based on the identification of 20 convenience lifestyle factors, identified four CFL segments of consumers: the ‘food connoisseurs’ (26%), the ‘home meal preparers’ (25%), the ‘kitchen evaders’ (16%) and the ‘convenience-seeking grazers’ (33%). In particular, the ‘kitchen evaders’ and the ‘convenience-seeking grazers’ are identified as convenience-seeking segments. Implications for food producers, in particular, convenience food manufacturers are discussed. The study provides an understanding of the lifestyles of food consumers in Great Britain, and provides food manufacturers with an insight into what motivates individuals to purchase convenience foods.
► Verbal expertise related to wine includes a specific lexicon and a type of discourse with both normative and experiential aspects. ► Connoisseurs have a type of discourse close to that of ...professionals, but a lexicon more similar to that of consumers. ► Trained panelists have a type of discourse close to consumers, but they have acquired a specific descriptive lexicon. ► Domain-specific expertise involves several skills that can be independently acquired.
This work aimed to study the verbal generations of four groups with different types of wine expertise: professionals, connoisseurs, consumers, and trained panelists. Participants performed an association task and a definition task with the
vin de garde concept. Lexical resources and types of discourse were analyzed. Wine professionals and trained panelists used descriptive terms while connoisseurs and consumers used words referring to time, cellaring and to subjective judgments. Panelists and consumers produced experiential discourse and were uncertain in their knowledge regarding the
vin de garde concept. Wine professionals and connoisseurs were confident in their knowledge, and their discourse explicitly relied both on collectively shared knowledge and individual experiences. Moreover, connoisseurs produced an objective discourse oriented toward wine. A linguistic analysis accounts for expertise as reflected in verbal generations. This work underlines the multidimensional nature of expertise that relies on various skills regarding wine.
The European Landscape Convention has brought up the question of democracy in relation to landscape transformation, but without a clear definition of democracy. This paper conceptualises democracy in ...relation to three main sets of values related to self-determination, co-determination and respect for argument. It examines various methods that have been used to try to make landscape decisions more democratic. In the last part of the paper the connoisseur method is introduced. This method emphasises stakeholder participation in deliberative processes with a particular focus on place-based knowledge. It has been used in Sweden as a means of involving local stakeholders in the democratic process of defining goals and objectives of their landscapes. In the conclusion, this method is recommended despite its dependence on favourable conditions, particularly continuity and commitment, and a few suggestions about possible improvements are presented.
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