The Politics of Precautionexamines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often ...regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990, the book shows, global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal?
David Vogel takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. He traces how concerns over such risks--and pressure on political leaders to do something about them--have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. Vogel explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.
The sharing economy has radically reshaped marketing thought and practice, and research has yet to examine whether and how platform-level buyer protection insurance (PPI) affects buyers and sellers ...in this economy. The authors exploit a natural experiment involving an unexpected system glitch during a PPI launch and estimate difference-in-differences models using over 5.4 million data points from a food sharing platform. Results suggest that PPI significantly increases buyer spending and seller revenue, affirming the benefits of this platform-level insurance in the sharing economy. The authors also uncover multifaceted buyer-side and seller-side responses that enable such benefits. PPI increases buyer spending by boosting product orders and variety-seeking behavior. Furthermore, it enhances seller revenue by increasing customer retention and acquisition. This work contributes to the literature by (1) putting a spotlight on the topic of PPI, a platform governance policy that reduces consumer risks and improves the efficacy of sharing platforms; (2) accounting for how PPI alters buyer and seller behaviors on a platform; (3) addressing what types of buyers and sellers benefit more or less from PPI; and (4) offering guidance for managers to improve platform reputation, marketplace efficiency, and consumer welfare in the context of the sharing economy.
The paper is devoted to analyzing the conditions and possibilities of assisting consumers in protecting their consumer rights. As Slovakia is a member of the EU, it is necessary to include the ...conditions resulting from harmonizing the law within the Union. This paper points out different possibilities of consumer protection documented in the research part by evaluating data available in statistical sources. We also point out the current state of the frequency of initiated individual proceedings, the analysis of which is used to formulate the conclusions and recommendations of the scientific study.
This book is the first comprehensive history of consumerism as an organised social and political movement. Matthew Hilton offers a groundbreaking account of consumer movements, ideologies and ...organisations in twentieth-century Britain. He argues that in organisations such as the Co-operative movement and the Consumers' Association individual concern with what and how we spend our wages led to forms of political engagement too often overlooked in existing accounts of twentieth-century history. He explores how the consumer and consumerism came to be regarded by many as a third force in society with the potential to free politics from the perceived stranglehold of the self-interested actions of employers and trade unions. Finally he recovers the visions of countless consumer activists who saw in consumption a genuine force for liberation for women, the working class and new social movements as well as a set of ideas often deliberately excluded from more established political organisations.
Consumer protection is a very wide-ranging issue and needs to be given due attention. It concerns the safety of consumers in the environment of individual countries of the world, it concerns the ...consumer safety of certain groups, such as the European Union. The basic frameworks of consumer protection are set by the guidelines of world organizations - the UN, WHO, but also the European Union and individual member states. In the area of consumer protection, attention is paid to major health problems caused by unsuitable food, such as food scandals, various types of diseases - mad cow disease, swine fever, covid 19.
Abstract This study evaluates the consumers’ views on various security measures in e-commerce platforms and determines their impact on the trusting beliefs of consumers, which may further lead to an ...intention to use e-commerce platforms. The study also investigates the moderating effects of gender, age, and the frequency of e-commerce platform use on the proposed model. A total of 780 respondents were used for the study. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the proposed trust-based model. The findings indicate a strong positive impact of information integrity and information confidentiality on the consumers’ trusting beliefs. In addition, the study indicates the strong mediating effect of trusting beliefs with the association between information integrity, information confidentiality, and behavioral intention to use e-commerce platforms. A moderating effect of frequency of use on the relationship between perceived information confidentiality and preventing unauthorized secondary data usage on trusting beliefs was found to be significant. This research underwent an in-depth examination of different security aspects that e-commerce firms should consider in order to develop the trusting beliefs of consumers in e-commerce environments.
This research investigates (1) the significance and function of the consumer protection and anti-monopoly division within the Industry and Trade Office in supporting business entities, and (2) the ...measures that the Industry and Trade Office should adopt moving forward to address regulatory needs, particularly concerning anti-monopoly and business competition, in Kendari. This study employs Conflict Theory and Symbolic Interaction Theory as its theoretical framework. The findings reveal that (1) the relevant division plays a crucial role in conducting Consumer Protection Socialization as a program managed by the Industry and Trade Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province, involving business entities, consumers, community members, and university students; (2) activities centered around consumer protection and anti-monopoly implemented by the relevant division are as described by the Head of the Consumer Protection and Trade Order Division: The Consumer Protection Monitoring System serves as a medium for consumer complaints and information related to consumer protection to be integrated into the system at the Provincial Office responsible for trade, aiming to enhance service to consumers in lodging complaints from those who feel wronged.
The sales of skincare are varied, one of which is repackaging the original packaging. This study aims at determining consumer protection on the sale of imported products that are repackaged and ...analysis made based on saddu adz-dzari’ah perspective. This research is a normative legal research. The results of the study show that consumer protection for imported products that are repackaged is a violation because the producers of the imported products did not attach the information that should be obtained by consumers as arranged in Article 8, Paragraph 1 of Consumer Protection Act. It becomes a concern since it could harm the consumers. Meanwhile, the saddu adz-dzari’ah perspective suggests that this repackaged products sale is included in the sale and purchase that are allowed since it does not lead to something bad or a loss for both parties because, in the buying process, the producer will explain the content that the product contains. Sellers who repackaged the products should provide complete information and explain the repackaging process so that consumers’ rights to obtain clear information about the products they buy are fulfilled. This article may enrich the literature of consumer protection and provide recommendations for law enforcement of consumer protection.Penjualan skincare di pasar bervariatif salah satunya dengan melakukan kemas ulang dari kemasan asli. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan konsumen terhadap penjualan produk impor yang dikemas ulang dan analisis dengan perspektif saddu adz-dzari’ah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan hukum sebagai sumbernya. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif serta hukum Islam. Bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlindungan konsumen terhadap produk impor yang dikemas ulang merupakan suatu hal yang melanggar karena dalam packaging produsen kemas ulang tidak mencantumkan hak informasi yang seharusnya diperoleh konsumen seperti yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen Pasal 8 ayat 1 huruf a,c,g,i sehingga hal ini dikhawatirkan dapat membahayakan konsumen. Sedangkan, perspektif saddu adz-dzari’ah penjualan secara kemas ulang ini termasuk kedalam jual beli yang diperbolehkan karena tidak membawa kedalam jalan yang menimbulkan sesuatu yang buruk atau kerugian untuk kedua belah pihak karena dalam proses pembelian produsen akan menjelaskan kandungan yang terdapat dalam produk. Artikel ini dapat memperkaya literatur perlindungan konsumen dan memberikan beberapa rekomendasi untuk penegakan hukum di bidang perlindungan konsumen.
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