Does culture have a causal effect on economic development? The data on European regions suggest that it does. Culture is measured by indicators of individual values and beliefs, such as trust and ...respect for others, and confidence in individual self determination. To isolate the exogenous variation in culture, we rely on two historical variables used as instruments: the literacy rate at the end of the 19th century, and the political institutions in place over the past several centuries. The political and social history of Europe provides a rich source of variation in these two variables at a regional level. The exogenous component of culture due to history is strongly correlated with current regional economic development, after controlling for contemporaneous education, urbanization rates around 1850, and national effects.
A Bourdieusian concept of cultural capital is used to investigate the transformations and contestations of migrants' cultural capital. Research often treated migrants' cultural capital as reified and ...ethnically bounded, assuming they bring a set of cultural resources from the country of origin to the country of migration that either fit or do not fit Critiquing such 'rucksack approaches', I argue that migration results in new ways of producing and re-producing (mobilizing, enacting, validating) cultural capital that builds on, rather than simply mirrors, power relations of either the country of origin or the country of migration. Migrants create mechanisms of validation for their cultural capital, negotiating both ethnic majority and migrant institutions and networks. Migration-specific cultural capital (re-)produces intra-migrant differentiations of gender, ethnicity and class, in the process creating modes of validation alternative to national capital. The argument builds on case studies of skilled Turkish and Kurdish migrant women in Britain and Germany.
Research on the stimulators and barriers to establishing and developing coopetition has so far been conducted in management literature mainly from the perspective of enterprises. Although the subject ...of management in the cultural sector has for several decades been attracting more and more interest from researchers and practitioners operating in this field, interest has rarely been shown in the area of coopetition, while analysis has never been conducted into the stimulating factors and barriers to coopetition among cultural institutions. Taking into account the specificity of the functioning of non-commercial organizations, including the context of such organizationsâ activities in the field of culture, as well as the growing role of public and non-profit organizations in the economy, the aim of this article is to identify the stimulators and barriers to establishing and developing coopetition in non-commercial organizations based on the example of cultural institutions. The research results are the product of qualitative field research conducted among 42 museums in Poland. Based on the research, 18 stimulators and 11 barriers to establishing and developing coopetition among cultural institutions were identified.
This article is focused on sources of financing for cultural institutions, for which the Authors recognize economic activity (services, trade, property management), allocating free funds and ...sponsorship. The text is narrowed to sources of financing which supplement subsidies. Considerations in individual parts of this article intend to answer the following questions: can these funds constitute a significant source of financing for cultural institutions? Is the legal regulation concerning these funds transparent enough to make their effective use trouble-free for the people managing these institutions? Could these funds offset the financial impact of a pandemic, and perhaps even replace the primary source of funding for culture, such as subsidies? The authors show that the above-mentioned supplementary sources of financing for cultural institutions may constitute important sources of financing for cultural activities. However, these funds absolutely do not release the state and local governments from their obligation to take care of the development of Polish culture, and in most cases these funds will not offset the negative financial effects of the pandemic. In addition, the legal regulation concerning them is scattered and sometimes excessively complicated.
This special issue brings together ethnographic scholarship to explore the interlinking of diverse personal, social and larger institutional forms in and through which artistic value emerges. Rather ...than being inherent in the formal features of art objects or merely a discursive construct, value as craft signifies an arena in which beliefs, ideologies, and histories interweave with art practices, events, and materialities. The articles included in this issue, then, highlight both the constructed and performative aspects of artistic values through a common focus on ethnography and a shared emphasis on temporality, practice, and institutional forms. Accordingly, art is a process both crafted - composed of judgements and social interaction - and crafting - able to individually or collectively mobilise and enable desiring investments in its capacity as art. The interdisciplinary effort at hand retains the sociological ethos and political implications of social constructionism, while looking at how acts of valuation enable affective, agential and aesthetic responses.
Despite evidence of damaging human impacts, cave paintings may again be threatened if visitors are allowed access.
In the last decade, considerable attention has been paid to the deterioration of the ...caves that house the world's most prominent Paleolithic rock art. This is exemplified by the caves of Lascaux (Dordogne, France) (
1
) and Altamira (Cantabria, Spain), both declared World Heritage Sites. The Altamira Cave has been closed to visitors since 2002. Since 2010, reopening the Altamira Cave has been under consideration. We argue that research indicates the need to preserve the cave by keeping it closed in the near future.
PDF
