PurposeThis study proposes practical digitalization strategies and well-grounded evaluation criteria for maritime container supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe authors identified the status ...of supply chain digitalization of the Port of Busan in South Korea and developed three digitalization strategies based on industry requirements and consultations with port experts. The authors proposed 11 evaluation criteria for examining the main digitalization strategies in the supply chain operations reference model, based on a survey among 46 experts and used multi-criteria decision-making approaches to prioritize the strategies and evaluation criteria.FindingsThe results delineate the status of the digitalization of a real-world port-focal supply chain. The model can be successfully customized to include well-grounded evaluation criteria for digitalization strategies, and presents a practical way to advance the supply chain digitalization strategies. Based on the survey and evaluation, the authors find that increasing data accessibility and improving quality are preferred to adopting a data and information sharing platform.Research limitations/implicationsAs the study is limited to the Port of Busan, future case studies could be undertaken to container supply chains driven by different regional ports.Practical implicationsStakeholders, such as truckers, terminal operators, and shipping liners, might consider the proposed strategies and evaluation criteria when digitalizing their supply chains.Originality/valueBy identifying the needs and specifications of maritime container supply chain digitalization strategies, developing evaluation criteria, and conducting a case study for proof of concept, the study proposes an operational management process with practical, real-world benefits for port-focal supply chains.
How is the circulation of digital data to be governed? This question is the subject of often conflicting political rationalities. Focusing on internet and data politics in Germany, we identify ...fundamental problematizations in governing data circulation on the basis of a mixed-methods analysis of the public-political discussion. In doing so, we elaborate the genealogy of a tension between two political rationalities. On the one hand, there are the political rationalities of a global information society since the 1990s. These have propelled the free circulation of data across national borders and Germany's integration into an international and competitive telecommunications and information technology market. In these rationalities, state intervention in the circulation of data is seen as a dangerous obstacle to economic competitiveness and social prosperity. On the other hand, there are the political rationalities of a digitally sovereign statehood since the early 2010s. These consider state intervention in data circulation as a guarantor of economic prosperity, democracy and the ability to govern. We argue that prominent political technologies of territorial regulation of data circulation currently discussed and experimented within Germany can be interpreted as attempts to harmonize this field of tension.
The evolution of an increasingly globalized market has resulted in the expansion of international trade through transnational data flows. Standard contractual clauses (SCC) are one of the most ...commonly used legal bases for transferring personal data beyond EU borders. The new Decision of the Commission on SCC represents a major innovation for the transfers of data. This Highlight offers an overview of the model clauses and addresses some of its new features, especially as to the relationship with art. 3(2) of Regulation (EU) 679/2016.
The objective of the study is to develop a systematic model for sustainable building assessment tools by establishing a logical system of performance assessment framework. The proposed model is ...expected to provide basic references in developing computer programs for sustainable building assessment. The model will also facilitate a rational decision making for the realization of sustainable building during design stage.
For this purpose,(1)the study examined the definitions and theories of sustainable architecture, and investigated the present practices of sustainable buildings.(2)The study also analyzed the characteristics of currently available sustainable building assessment tools.(3)Based on the analysis results, framework of sustainable building assessment system was established comprising three modules; input module, assessment module, and output module.(4)And the algorithm of systematic model for sustainable building assessment tool was established by synthesizing the data generating methods within each module and the flow of data between modules. ▪
•The study examined the definitions of sustainable architecture.•The study compared and analyzed the sustainable architecture assessment tools.•Based on comparative analysis, the framework of assessment tool was established.•The framework comprised three modules; input/assessment/output module.•The algorithm and data flow are constructed based on systematic module compositions.
There has been much progress in recent years in the development of sustainable building assessment tools as a means to promote sustainable buildings. However, many assessment tools face issues with assessment methods and system frameworks, which greatly undermine their credibility and applicability. If these problems persist, the role of sustainable building assessment tools as decision making aids during the design stage will be greatly limited. The objective of this study is to suggest a systematic model for sustainable building assessment tools by establishing a logical performance assessment framework. For this purpose, analysis of performance assessment tools for sustainable buildings was conducted using the EIA framework. Based on the results of the analysis, a framework for the performance assessment of sustainable buildings was established. According to the structural framework, a sustainable building assessment model was developed.
This open access book examines different aspects of smart cities, including technology, urban development, sustainable development, finance, and privacy and data protection. It also covers a wide ...range of jurisdictions in Asia-Pacific: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The book consists of two main parts. The first part includes general chapters that conceptualize smart cities and provide an overview of these cities’ problems such as privacy and data protection concern. The general chapters also discuss the role of public and private sectors in developing and governing smart cities. The second part encompasses country-specific chapters that examine the concepts addressed in the general chapters in practice by analyzing several specific smart city projects. This book provides researchers and practitioners with some knowledge of a smart city and its implication in the Asia context. The book is designed with some general chapters updating the literature on smart cities for readers who are interested in an overview of this concept. Audiences who are curious about how smart cities are perceived and implemented in some Asian jurisdictions are benefited from country-specific chapters. The book is also helpful to general audiences whose interests lay at the intersection of law, governance, and technology.
Cluster scheduling respecting collision avoidance is a complex problem in cluster-tree wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The difficulty of the problem also increases significantly when the traffic is ...organized as time-constrained data flows with opposite directions. Thus, in this paper, we seek a collision-free cluster schedule that meets all the data flow deadlines as given in time units. In this context, we have found an elegant approach that expresses the deadline of each flow as an integer number of the length of the schedule period (i.e., period crossing constraints). Consequently, the data flow timeliness requirements become easier to be tackled. Due to the scarce resources of the WSNs, the minimization of the energy consumption of the nodes is a problem of paramount importance. Therefore, the objective is to maximize the lifetime of the network by maximizing the time when the nodes stay in low-power mode. In this paper, we present a novel heuristic scheduling algorithm to obtain the desired schedule. The algorithm is based on very interesting formulations of graph theory problems. Thus, it is efficient in both computational time (instances with thousands of devices are solved in a short time) and solution quality (evaluated over smaller size instances while comparing it with optimal solutions obtained by integer linear programming).
This article discusses and contextualizes the very recent advancements in digital trade regulation based on the insights provided by the Trade Agreement Provisions on Electronic-commerce and Data ...(TAPED) dataset. Within the time frame of January 2020 to November 2023 that we analyze, digital trade negotiations have increased in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) significantly, and there has been a sharp rise in the negotiation of new types of treaties, known as ‘Digital Economy Agreements’. Beyond the critical advances in substantive rulemaking, we observe non-traditional actors stepping into the gap left by the shifting interest of traditional rulemakers to craft rules that best fit their policy priorities. Additionally, we see a broadening of topics beyond conventional digital trade matters, underscored by commitments of limited legal enforceability. The TAPED dataset has been updated to reflect these recent developments, emphasizing the importance of regular reviews to stay current and accurately inform research and policymaking in the area of digital trade regulation.
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