Community policing has been a buzzword in Anglo-American policing for the last two decades, somewhat vague in its definition but generally considered to be a good thing. In the UK the notion of ...community policing conveys a consensual policing style, offering an alternative to past public order and crimefighting styles. In the US community policing represents the dominant ideology of policing as reflected in a myriad of urban schemes and funding practices, the new orthodoxy in North American policing policy-making, strategies and tactic. But it has also become a massive export to non-western societies where it has been adopted in many countries, in the face of scant evidence of its appropriateness in very different contexts and surroundings.
critical analysis of concept of community policing worldwide
assesses evidence for its effectiveness, especially in the USA and UK
highlights often inappropriate export of community policing models to failed and transitional societies.
The ambiguous term delo (thing, matter, act or cause) was fundamental for the th Russian radical autobiographical writers at the beginning of the 20 century. The dedication to a cause was the ...‘leading star’ to frame one’s own biography, as it proved one’s reputation within the radical milieu. Therefore, it was important not only to choose which parts of one’s radical past needed to be emphasised, but also which deeds were better to silence, omit or vindicate. While radical writers often framed the topics of their autobiographies in a similar way, polemics and debates generated among the senior radicals. This article proposes basic guidelines on how to read and analyse the numerous Russian radical autobiographical writings by identifying the most common authors’ choices of framing and emplotment.
Controlled synthesis of the electroluminescent polymer PFO-MEH-PPV (poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene)-alt-co-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)) provided samples of varying ...molecular weight (Mw) in the range 20–360 kDa, as determined by gel-permeation chromatography and light scattering. The samples were used as the active layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the performance of the devices was examined as a function of Mw. Turn-on voltages fell in the range 1.92–2.78 V, luminances varied from 231 to 5826 cd/m
2
, and luminous efficacies ranged from 0.06 to 0.90 lm/W. The emitted colour was found to vary from green to yellow as Mw increases. Optimal performance was attained by using PFO-MEH-PPV with Mw = 100 kDa. To help reveal how Mw determines the performance of OLEDs, relative quantum yields of photoluminescence in solutions and films were measured, and films were characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
The book contributes new insights to the research in the field of anthropology of (post)socialism, culture of consumption, gender and memory. It is based on the testimony of interlocutors who offer ...an insight into the “structure of the feeling” of the socialist era through the practice of consumption, from which on the one hand the complex economic and political dynamics and diverse disciplinary regimes are being reflected and the understanding of power, resistance and emancipation on the other. Author establishes critical distance towards the approach, which discusses socialism as a totalitarianism and shows that socialist policies were not simply dictated from above, but negotiated between the state and its citizens. The female consumer in socialism did not only respond to social barriers and obstacles of history, but she also actively co-created social time. By studying how consumers interpreted and created mutual connections between material objects, moral reputation and (self)respect, the book also shows certain specific elements of Slovenian and Yugoslav development of the European countries after the Second World War.
Southern Brazil's highland Araucaria forest is ancient, diverse and unique, but its future is under significant threat from 20th Century habitat loss and 21st Century climate change. Paleoecological ...studies have revealed that it expanded rapidly over highland grasslands around 1000 years ago, but whether this expansion was caused by human land use or climate change has been a topic of considerable debate. Discriminating between these potential drivers has so far not been possible with fossil pollen, however, as the palynological representation of floristic and structural differences in Araucaria forest remains poorly understood. Here, we address this shortcoming using modern pollen rain from moss polsters and vegetation surveys in forest areas with minimal current human disturbance. We show that forest plots with evident structural differences lack consistent differences in their floristic composition and cannot be reliably distinguished by their pollen spectra. We quantify pollen–vegetation relationships for 27 key tree genera of Araucaria forest, showing that, despite significant intra-taxon variability, 22 of these are under-represented or absent in the pollen record. These palynologically under-represented and silent taxa include many of the forest's most ecologically important tree species, with only Araucaria, Lamanonia, Podocarpus, Myrsine and Clethra being more abundant in the pollen rain than vegetation. Our results suggest that subtle structural changes in Araucaria forest, as well as moderate to significant floristic changes, may not be clearly distinguished in fossil pollen records – an important limitation when attempting to identify past human and climatic impacts on Araucaria forest via pollen analysis.
•The first quantitative pollen–vegetation study in Brazil's Araucaria forest•Of the 27 key tree taxa examined, 22 are under-represented in modern pollen rain.•Structurally different Araucaria forest plots produce similar pollen spectra.•These findings have clear implications for the reconstruction of the forest's past.
Dediščina v akciji Fakin Bajec, Jasna; Lemut Bajec, Melita; Pogačar, Martin ...
2021
eBook
Open access
Stories, memories, relationships, traditional skills, dialects, and other tangible and intangible elements of cultural heritage provide opportunities and ways that can lead to compassionate, quality, ...authentic, and sustainable living in the present and in the future. The preservation and interpretation of unique cultural and natural artefacts from the past is not only in the hands of professionals from heritage institutions and research centres, but also in the hands of civil society of which children and youth are its integral part. Local people have become important participants in co-creating heritage, yet young people are still often not understood as equal bearers of culture or co-creators of heritage. How should we act to make youth’s bold ideas heard and realised in heritage projects and activities? The handbook ('Heritage in action: Ways and opportunities of integrating heritage practices into educational programs') presents approaches, methods, techniques, and examples of good practice that can address children and young people to actively participate in the exploration and interpretation of the past and (re)creation of cultural heritage in their local community. It is intended for the educators in kindergartens, schools, universities, youth centers, and local associations who want to encourage the younger generations to a deeper understanding of their ancestors’ lives.
V prispevku obravnavamo poslovne modele t. i. ekonomije delitve (angl. sharing economy) ter njihovo vlogo v spreminjanju narave dela in oblik zaposlenosti. Obravnavane spremembe umeščamo v kontekst ...namestitvene industrije, saj podrobneje analiziramo vlogo Airbnbja kot enega izmed prvih primerov poslovnih modelov, ki se predstavljajo pod nazivom ekonomije delitve. Airbnb je spletni rezervacijski sistem, ki se od starejših podobnih modelov (npr. Booking.com) razlikuje predvsem v naslavljanju zasebnih posameznikov, da v zameno za plačilo gostijo tujce v svojem domu. V prispevku odpremo razpravo, ki jo tovrstni novi, digitalno podprti, poslovni modeli prinašajo za naravo dela in razumevanje delavskih pravic. Pri tem ugotavljamo, da je poslovni model Airbnbja bolj smiselno opisovati s terminom platformna ekonomija kot ekonomija delitve. V prispevku analiziramo, kako Airbnb izkorišča širše strukturne procese za uveljavljanje svojih konkurenčnih prednosti: trend brezplačnega ali nizko plačanega digitalnega dela, vedno večjo vlogo uporabniških komentarjev kot orodja menedžerskega nadzora in vedno večjo vključenost socialnih medijev v vsakdanje življenje s spremljajočo komodifikacijo. Spremembe, ki jih tovrstni poslovni modeli prinašajo za svet dela so tako predvsem v vse večji prekarizaciji dela, povečevanju emocionalnega dela in brisanju meja med službenim in zasebnim življenjem.
Photophysical and spectral properties of a new benzofuran-derivative-based fluorescent probe 1-(3-Hydroxy-benzofuran-2-yl)-benzofchromen-3-one (1-HBBC) were considered in various parameters of ...solvents, making use of UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The absorption and fluorescence emission peak maxima were observed between 260–349 and 400–485 nm, respectively, prompting Stokes’ shift between 13 993 and 18 495 cm
−1
. Diverse solvent parameters have been utilized to understand the solvatochromism of 1-HBBC. This information is applied to understand the effects of the solvent, on the shifting in the spectra of 1-HBBC and access the execution of empirical solvatochromic models: the well-known Kamlet–Taft model and two recent Catalan models. Linear solvation energy relationships proposed by the Kamlet–Taft treatment for the 1-HBBC molecule indicate that it is appealing as a molecule for the hydrogen bond and solvent polarity properties it has exhibited. The models offer good statistical execution for all solvents studied in this work. A general decency of fit is found for benzofuran values for the models’ contractions, whereas these solvents are incorporated directly into the solvatochromic analysis. These reductions are comparable for the Kamlet–Taft and Catalan 4P models but important for the Catalan 3P model. The results shown herein can be used for outlining new luminescent tests for nonpolar and polar microenvironment.
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