Accurate and real-time traffic forecasting plays an important role in the intelligent traffic system and is of great significance for urban traffic planning, traffic management, and traffic control. ...However, traffic forecasting has always been considered an "open" scientific issue, owing to the constraints of urban road network topological structure and the law of dynamic change with time. To capture the spatial and temporal dependences simultaneously, we propose a novel neural network-based traffic forecasting method, the temporal graph convolutional network (T-GCN) model, which is combined with the graph convolutional network (GCN) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). Specifically, the GCN is used to learn complex topological structures for capturing spatial dependence and the gated recurrent unit is used to learn dynamic changes of traffic data for capturing temporal dependence. Then, the T-GCN model is employed to traffic forecasting based on the urban road network. Experiments demonstrate that our T-GCN model can obtain the spatio-temporal correlation from traffic data and the predictions outperform state-of-art baselines on real-world traffic datasets. Our tensorflow implementation of the T-GCN is available at https://www.github.com/lehaifeng/T-GCN .
Renormalization group (RG) and resummation techniques have been used in N-component ϕ4 theories at fixed dimensions below four to determine the presence of nontrivial IR fixed points and to compute ...the associated critical properties. Since the coupling constant is relevant in d<4 dimensions, the RG is entirely governed by renormalization scheme-dependent terms. We show that the known proofs of the Borel summability of observables depend on the renormalization scheme and apply only in "minimal" ones, equivalent in d=2 to an operatorial normal ordering prescription, where the β-function is trivial to all orders in perturbation theory. The presence of a nontrivial fixed point can be unambiguously established by considering a physical observable, like the mass gap, with no need of RG techniques. Focusing on the N=1, d=2 ϕ4 theory, we define a one-parameter family of renormalization schemes where Borel summability is guaranteed and study the accuracy on the determination of the critical exponent ν as the scheme is varied. While the critical coupling shows a significant sensitivity on the scheme, the accuracy in ν is essentially constant. As a by-product of our analysis, we improve the determination of ν obtained with RG methods by computing three more orders in perturbation theory.
Chronic administration of opioids produces physical dependence and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Users claim the Thai traditional tea “kratom” and component alkaloid mitragynine ameliorate opioid ...withdrawal without increased sensitivity to pain. Testing these claims, we assessed the combined kratom alkaloid extract (KAE) and two individual alkaloids, mitragynine (MG) and the analog mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP), evaluating their ability to produce physical dependence and induce hyperalgesia after chronic administration, and as treatments for withdrawal in morphine-dependent subjects. C57BL/6J mice (
n
= 10/drug) were administered repeated saline, or graded, escalating doses of morphine (intraperitoneal; i.p.), kratom alkaloid extract (orally, p.o.), mitragynine (p.o.), or MP (subcutaneously, s.c.) for 5 days. Mice treated chronically with morphine, KAE, or mitragynine demonstrated significant drug-induced hyperalgesia by day 5 in a 48 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal test. Mice were then administered naloxone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and tested for opioid withdrawal signs. Kratom alkaloid extract and the two individual alkaloids demonstrated significantly fewer naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs than morphine-treated mice. Additional C57BL/6J mice made physically dependent on morphine were then used to test the therapeutic potential of combined KAE, mitragynine, or MP given twice daily over the next 3 days at either a fixed dose or in graded, tapering descending doses. When administered naloxone, mice treated with KAE, mitragynine, or MP under either regimen demonstrated significantly fewer signs of precipitated withdrawal than control mice that continued to receive morphine. In conclusion, while retaining some liabilities, kratom, mitragynine, and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl produced significantly less physical dependence and ameliorated precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent animals, suggesting some clinical value.
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DχSB) is studied within (2+1)-dimensional QED with N four-component fermions. The leading and next-to-leading orders of the 1/N expansion are computed exactly. The ...analysis is carried out in an arbitrary nonlocal gauge. Resumming the wave-function renormalization constant at the level of the gap equation yields a strong suppression of the gauge dependence of the critical fermion flavor number, Nc(ξ), where ξ is the gauge-fixing parameter, which is such that DχSB takes place for N<Nc(ξ). Neglecting the weak gauge-dependent terms yields Nc=2.8469, while, in the general case, it is found that Nc(1)=3.0084 in the Feynman gauge, Nc(0)=3.0844 in the Landau gauge, and Nc(2/3)=3.0377 in the ξ=2/3 gauge where the leading order fermion wave function is finite. These results suggest that DχSB should take place for integer values N≤3.
Panic disorder refers to the frequent and recurring acute attacks of anxiety.
This study describes the routine use of mobiles phones (MPs) and investigates the appearance of possible emotional ...alterations or symptoms related to their use in patients with panic disorder (PD).
We compared patients with PD and agoraphobia being treated at the Panic and Respiration Laboratory of The Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to a control group of healthy volunteers.
An MP-use questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 50 patients and 70 controls.
People with PD showed significant increases in anxiety, tachycardia, respiratory alterations, trembling, perspiration, panic, fear and depression related to the lack of an MP compared to the control group.
Both groups exhibited dependence on and were comforted by having an MP; however, people with PD and agoraphobia showed significantly more emotional alterations as well as intense physical and psychological symptoms when they were apart from or unable to use an MP compared to healthy volunteers.
•Study used comprehensive approach to assess dependence among South Asian ST users.•FTND-ST is a valid measure of physical dependence among ST users in Bangladesh.•OSSTD demonstrated superior ...reliability compared to other ST dependence measures.•Study was unable to replicate the original structure model of the OSSTD.•OSSTD requires revisions and refinement to assess ST dependence in this population.
Despite the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia, ST dependence in this population has not been studied. Therefore, it is of interest to explore if ST dependence measures developed and validated in the western countries are of similar relevance to ST users who are culturally different and use distinct ST products. The aim of this study is to assess ST dependence among its users in Bangladesh by employing ST dependence scales based on three different approaches to measure tobacco dependence.
Data collected from a community-based sample of exclusive ST users living in Dhaka, Bangladesh (n = 200) were used for this study. Three ST dependence measures, Tobacco Dependence Screener (TDS), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for ST users (FTND-ST), and Oklahoma Scale for Smokeless Tobacco Dependence (OSSTD), were translated in Bangla and administered to the study participants. Saliva samples were collected for cotinine measurement. Reliability and concurrent and construct validity of FTND-ST and OSSTD were examined.
Median cotinine concentration of the study participants was 440.2 (min = 2.9, max = 1874) ng/ml and 47% of them had TDS-based dependence diagnosis. Women had higher mean OSSTD, FTND-ST, and TDS scores as compared to men (p < 0.001). OSSTD demonstrated better reliability (α = 0.93) than FTND-ST, and TDS (α = 0.64 and 0.86, respectively). Concurrent validity of FTND-ST as evaluated by TDS, OSSTD, and cotinine concentration was affirmative.
The FTND-ST is a valid and reliable tool to measure physical dependence among ST users in Bangladesh. The study was unable to replicate the structure of OSSTD.
Research Summary
Resource dependence theory (RDT) has been widely applied in the context of international business (IB) over the past four decades. This study reviews and synthesizes the insights of ...RDT in IB literature accumulated over the past 40 years and derives an integrative addendum for future research. We highlight three critical dependence dimensions (i.e., locational, interorganizational, and intraorganizational dependencies) and three essential RDT themes (i.e., dependence solutions, dependence‐managing outcomes, and macro environmental conditions of RDT) in the IB context. Our review concludes that the IB literature has reached a good level of conceptual and empirical consensus concerning how multinational corporations (MNCs) take a large array of resource dependence actions and manage their resource dependence in various situations. We also find a strong need for further extension of RDT in IB research, offering suggestions for future research, including additional theoretical integration, underlying processes, and new dynamics that change the course of cross‐border interdependencies under the new global reality.
Managerial Summary
This study systematically reviews the stock of knowledge over the past 40 years on how the logic of resource dependencies unfolds in IB practices (e.g., cross‐border M&As, alliances and joint ventures, global supply chains, corporate political strategies, headquarters‐subsidiary relationships, and upper‐echelon decisions). Our findings and conclusions offer a decision roadmap for IB practitioners to assess various resource dependence situations with external and internal stakeholders in IB operations and to effectively manage such interdependencies. We also elaborate on the important implications of MNCs' strategies for effectively managing their resource dependencies in international exchanges in the modern world, which is characterized by the coexistence of trends leading of both globalization and de‐globalization.
We report the first measurement of the inclusive jet and the dijet longitudinal double-spin asymmetries, ALL, at midrapidity in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV. The ...inclusive jet ALL measurement is sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution down to a gluon momentum fraction of x≈0.015, while the dijet measurements, separated into four jet-pair topologies, provide constraints on the x dependence of the gluon polarization. Both results are consistent with previous measurements made at s=200 GeV in the overlapping kinematic region, x>0.05, and show good agreement with predictions from recent next-to-leading order global analyses.
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