Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of ...computer programming. Currently, there is already a thriving research community focusing on code intelligence, with efforts ranging from software engineering, machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, and programming languages. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review on deep learning for code intelligence, from the aspects of code representation learning, deep learning techniques, and application tasks. We also benchmark several state-of-the-art neural models for code intelligence, and provide an open-source toolkit tailored for the rapid prototyping of deep-learning-based code intelligence models. In particular, we inspect the existing code intelligence models under the basis of code representation learning, and provide a comprehensive overview to enhance comprehension of the present state of code intelligence. Furthermore, we publicly release the source code and data resources to provide the community with a ready-to-use benchmark, which can facilitate the evaluation and comparison of existing and future code intelligence models (https://xcodemind.github.io). At last, we also point out several challenging and promising directions for future research.
We are grateful to those who have provided the material for these reports. The online reporting form is available on the website (coress.org.uk), which also includes previous Feedback reports, and ...via the CORESS app. Published cases will be acknowledged by a Certificate of Contribution, which may be included in the contributor's record of continuing professional development, or which may form part of appraisal or annual review of competence progression portfolio documentation. Trainee contributions are particularly welcome.
This practice-based PhD project develops a ‘Sonic Ghosting' practice through a portfolio of compositions, installations and performances. Sonic Ghosting, as a mode of creative endeavor, offers a way ...to interrogate the relationship between space/place/memory and sound/music/noise by fracturing the soundscape of the present with the echoes, phantoms and potentialities of the soundscapes of the past/future. In one sense, it is ventriloquising the material/space/landscape that it engages with, extending it beyond the bounds of its normal sonic existence, and blurring the horizon between what is unheard/unseen but felt, and what is actually present. To achieve this, there is a creative and compositional employment of fracture, degradation and performance interruption – both temporally and spatially. Where sonic material is gleaned from on-site field recordings it is manipulated, cut-up, processed, delayed, moved in time and space. This process creates layers within the fabric of the work, between the memory of sound onsite, the recordings, their fractured remains, electronic and acoustic instrumentation, and the multiple modes of presentation and iteration: performance, installation, documentation, image, text. In some examples the resulting work is also presented in-situ alongside the soundscape of the place/space about which the work is made, or contextualised, with text/image/materials. The included portfolio contains documentation of a series of experimental works that explore a number of different creative modes, forms, and stimuli. These are: Chalk Pit, an installation and improvised performance interruption exploring the post-industrial landscape of the Sussex chalk industry; Ghosting the Periphery, a four channel presence-responsive installation exploring the gallery and peripheral spaces of the Hatton Gallery in Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Branch Lines, a composition and graphic score for Violin, Cello, Clarinet and Piano, exploring experiences of Causey Arch railway bridge in County Durham; Thrumming Halls, a movement/noise responsive installation presented binaurally, reflecting on the Barnsley National Union of Mineworkers Hall, inhabitants and spaces; Underdrift, an electroacoustic composition reflecting on the spaces around the Co-Operative Pioneer's Museum, Town Hall, and streets of Rochdale, Greater Manchester. In addition, the portfolio contains documentation of the final exhibition, Sonic Ghostings, presented at the Attenborough Centre for the Creative Arts, which incorporates the portfolio works alongside working materials, and brings the principles of a Sonic Ghosting practice to bear on the broader research project itself through a final composition: Fractures and Fragments. The accompanying commentary provides a critical and conceptual outline of a Sonic Ghosting practice, a reflective commentary on each of the portfolio works, and an overview of the experimental and creative research process undertaken over the course of the research project. It explores a range of relevant critical theory in order to consider how a Sonic Ghosting practice, and the specific portfolio works in question, interrogate the role of sound/music composition in exploring memory, space, place, ruin, landscape, hauntology and the spectral turn. It draws reference to a range of sources including key texts from sound and music studies (Salomé Voegelin, Sabine Vogel, Bennett Hogg, Anna Friz, Curtis Roads), cultural studies (Jacques Derrida, Fredrik Jameson, Michel de Certeau, Rebecca Solnit), and human geography (Tim Edensor, Nigel Thrift). The commentary also considers the artistic contexts of Sonic Ghosting, with a review of work by Jimi Hendrix, Robert van Heumen, and Chris Watson, as well as influences on specific works such as Kurt Schwitters, William Burroughs, Hildegard Westercamp, and John Cage.
More Time for Doctoring Hunt, Rachel J; Fletcher, Shelley; Rock, Jack P ...
Neurosurgery,
12/2020, Volume:
67, Issue:
Supplement_1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
INTRODUCTION The introduction of the electronic medical record (EMR) has significantly changed physician workflow. Staying late to finish notes is the norm, and the documentation burden imposed by ...EMR has been cited as a significant factor in physician burnout. Junior surgical residents in some institutions have been reported to spend as much as 30% of their time on chart review and documentation. METHODS The neurosurgery written handoff, previously designed by the Henry Ford neurosurgery residents to improve communication during patient handoff, was reviewed with medical coders. With minor alterations to the template, the information contained in the written handoff was determined to be sufficient for billing requirements. The written handoff was then filed as the daily physician progress note in lieu of the traditional SOAP note. After one year, the incidence of coding queries and missed billing opportunities were audited to ensure that billing was not negatively impacted. RESULTS The integrated progress note/handoff format was implemented in February of 2019. Because maintaining a written handoff was already vital to team workflow, the integrated note/handoff format essentially removed the busywork of writing daily progress notes. Residents unanimously reported a decrease in time spent on documentation. Progress note-related coding queries decreased by 44%. Missed billing opportunities due to insufficient documentation decreased by 67%. There was no change in the incidence of coding queries related to other forms of documentation. CONCLUSION Integration of a written handoff with physician daily progress note decreased physician documentation burden while simultaneously improving note usability for billing. Prior studies have shown that the use of standardized written handoff significantly reduces medical errors. Combining the concept of the physician progress note with a written handoff has the potential to improve patient care while simulataneously providing junior neurosurgery residents with more time to spend honing their operative skills.
In early 2018, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services released the Medical Review of Evaluation and Management (E/M) Documentation, which allows supervising teaching physicians to rely on a ...medical student’s documentation to support billing for E/M services. This change has potential to enhance education, clinical documentation quality, and the satisfaction of students, postgraduate trainees, and teaching physicians. However, its practical adoption presents many challenges that must be navigated successfully to realize these important goals in compliance with federal and local requirements, while avoiding unintended downstream problems. Implementation requires careful planning, policy creation, education, and monitoring, all with collaboration between institutional leaders, compliance and information technology professionals, educators, and learners. In this paper, we review the 2018 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services rule change, address common questions and potential impacts, outline practical workflows to meet the supervision requirement, and discuss steps for successful implementation.
Medical scribes have been utilized to reduce electronic health record (EHR) associated documentation burden. Although evidence suggests benefits to scribes, no large-scale studies have quantitatively ...evaluated scribe impact on physician documentation across clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scribes on physician EHR documentation behaviors and performance.
This retrospective cohort study used EHR audit log data from a large academic health system to evaluate clinical documentation for all ambulatory encounters between January 2014 and December 2019 to evaluate the effect of scribes on physician documentation behaviors. Scribe services were provided on a first-come, first-served basis on physician request. Based on a physician's scribe use, encounters were grouped into 3 categories: never using a scribe, prescribe (before scribe use), or using a scribe. Outcomes included chart closure time, the proportion of delinquent charts, and charts closed after-hours.
Three hundred ninety-five physicians (23% scribe users) across 29 medical subspecialties, encompassing 1,132,487 encounters, were included in the analysis. At baseline, scribe users had higher chart closure time, delinquent charts, and after-hours documentation than physicians who never used scribes. Among scribe users, the difference in outcome measures postscribe compared with baseline varied, and using a scribe rarely resulted in outcome measures approaching a range similar to the performance levels of nonusing physicians. In addition, there was variability in outcome measures across medical specialties and within similar subspecialties.
Although scribes may improve documentation efficiency among some physicians, not all will improve EHR-related documentation practices. Different strategies may help to optimize documentation behaviors of physician-scribe dyads and maximize outcomes of scribe implementation.
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