In this paper, a design methodology based on the theory of plastic mechanism control (TPMC) is presented for dual systems combined by moment resisting frames and concentrically braced frames (MRF-CBF ...dual systems). The study is focused on the design of structures failing in global mode, i.e. whose collapse mechanism is characterised by the yielding of all the tensile diagonals, the buckling of the compressed ones, and the development of plastic hinges at all the beam ends and at the base of first-storey columns. The results of push-over analyses and nonlinear dynamic analyses carried out with reference to MRF-CBF dual systems designed according to the proposed procedure are compared with those obtained with reference to the same structural scheme designed according to Eurocode 8. The advantages obtained in terms of seismic performances are outlined and also economic issues are investigated pointing out the convenience of seismic design based on TPMC.
Abstract Purpose Research has demonstrated a link between out-of-home foster care and subsequent juvenile justice involvement. Understanding factors that may contribute to dual system involvement for ...young people who entered foster care is essential for disrupting this relationship. Method We used population-based linked administrative records to examine the prevalence of juvenile delinquency court petitions among individuals placed in out-of-home foster care in Los Angeles County from birth to age 18. By integrating records from child welfare and probation, this analysis of individuals born between 1998 and 2001 and who lived in the county’s out-of-home foster care system ( N = 29,434) showed that 2,554 (8.7%) had encountered a juvenile delinquency court petition prior to turning 18. Results Regression results showed an increased rate of dual system involvement among young people in foster care who experienced unstable living conditions, periods of absence from care, commercial sexual exploitation, or group homes. Instability in living situations (staying in care for more than a year, with three or more homes or placements; RR = 1.31; CI = 1.16, 1.48) and history of group home care (RR = 1.43; CI = 1.25, 1.64) were significantly associated with a heightened rate of dual system involvement. As shown in the gender-stratified models, the magnitude of associations between dual system involvement and foster care experiences differed by gender. Discussion The current study aligns with prior studies showing a relationship between residential instability and group homes to subsequent delinquency court involvement. Findings set a baseline so future work can explore if policies aiming to reduce reliance on group care are associated with changes in the likelihood of dual system involvement.
•Bilinear capacity curve of dual RC-BRBF systems were derived.•Modified energy balance equation was used to reduce the hysteretic energy.•Plastic design procedures were developed to RC frame system ...and BRB system.•Effectiveness and robustness of the method were validated.
In this study, a performance-based plastic design (PBPD) method for dual system of buckling-restrained braced reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames (RC-BRBFs) is developed. Trilinear force–deformation relationship of the dual RC-BRBF system was approximated as the bilinear capacity curve to derive the yield displacement. The design base shear was determined based on the energy balance equation which accounted for the energy dissipation capacity quantified by Large Takeda model. Plastic design procedure were presented to derive the section internal forces. The proposed methodology was verified through a 5- and 10-story RC frame structures with chevron-configured BRBs. Numerical model was established and validated to assess the seismic performance through nonlinear static pushover analysis and time history analyses using FEMA P695 recommended ground motions. The analytical results show both RC-BRBFs can achieve the intended performance levels in terms of capacity curves, yield mechanism, story drift ratio distribution, residual drift, maximum ductility and cumulative ductility demands. Furthermore, the developed design procedure can be easily extended to other BRB configurated dual structural systems to achieve the desired seismic performance.
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of moving rig quickly and reducing labor intensity in the mine face with trackless transportation conditions, a solution of rubber wheel drill which meets the ...working conditions is put forward. The drilling rig adopts the configuration of double power and double system, the power comes from the engine when moving, to achieve walking, steering, braking and temporary stability, relocation and transfer of high efficiency and flexibility, the power comes from the motor when drilling, to achieve rotation, feed and auxiliary Angle adjustment, safe and pollution-free construction. After the assembly and debugging of the whole machine, ground simulation test and underground industrial test were carried out on the rig. The test results show that the rig has strong maneuverability, one person can complete the moving walking, the maximum walking speed is 20km/h, and the steering is flexible and the braking is safe. The maximum depth of drilling hole construction is 318m, the target area hit rate reaches 77.8%, the working performance is stable, the hydraulic system is stable, and all parameters meet the design requirements. The equipment provides new technical equipment for the mine drilling construction with trackless transportation conditions.
The child welfare system is pivotal in identifying and responding to child (younger than age 18) human trafficking victims. Children who have experienced human trafficking-or are at risk of ...victimization-are increasingly recognized as also being served in the juvenile justice system. Yet little is known about human trafficking victimization among children in the juvenile justice population or among children with child welfare and juvenile justice involvement.
Building on previous research with child welfare-and juvenile justice-involved children, we investigated characteristics and system experiences among children who have experienced a human trafficking abuse allegation in Florida.
The overall study population included all children born on or after January 1, 1993, who had at least one DCF-documented maltreatment allegation before March 1, 2020. This study examined a total of 12,167 allegations in the first set of analyses and the first human trafficking allegation for each child (N = 9300) in the second set of analyses.
Analyses are based on linked administrative data for a cohort of children involved with Florida's Departments of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) and/or Children and Families (DCF). We used descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses to document the characteristics of single and dual system-involved children and examine predictors of child welfare, juvenile justice, and dual system involvement.
(1) Nearly half of children with a human trafficking abuse allegation are involved in DCF at the time of the allegation, (2) females who experienced trafficking are more likely to be involved in DCF (with or without DJJ involvement) than involved in no system, (3) Black children with an alleged trafficking incident were more likely than White children to be involved in both systems compared with DCF only, and (4) children who experienced labor trafficking abuse allegations were less likely than those who experienced sex trafficking to be involved with either system.
This study depicts child victims of sex and labor trafficking who are involved with one or both systems in one state.
The fully passive activation of a flapping hydrofoil turbine is an emerging scheme for increasing the power efficiency of these devices and simplifying the system complexity owing to the use of a ...pitching controller. In this study, a dual-flapping hydrofoil turbine (DFHT) of which the front hydrofoil oscillates upstream and the rear hydrofoil oscillates downstream with respect to the corresponding axis with a new coupling mechanism is suggested to realize fully passive activation. The pitch and arm angular motions of the front and rear hydrofoils are simply linked by chain connections so that the turbine can start independently. A mechanical spring is adopted in order to enhance the recovery force to the middle position. It is found from an experimental evaluation in a circulating water channel that the coupling mechanism activates the DFHT fully passively with a nearly 90-degree phase difference at the middle positions where the power peak exists. Subsequently, zero-power zones are removed from the total power curve. An increase in the spring constant increases the flapping frequency and the self-starting velocity of the DFHT. Eventually, fully passive activation could contribute to improving the power efficiency, and the 90-degree phase difference could be utilized to reduce power fluctuations.
Overcoming Intuition Alter, Adam L; Oppenheimer, Daniel M; Epley, Nicholas ...
Journal of experimental psychology. General,
11/2007, Volume:
136, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Humans appear to reason using two processing styles: System 1 processes that are quick, intuitive, and effortless and System 2 processes that are slow, analytical, and deliberate that occasionally ...correct the output of System 1. Four experiments suggest that System 2 processes are activated by metacognitive experiences of difficulty or disfluency during the process of reasoning. Incidental experiences of difficulty or disfluency-receiving information in a degraded font (Experiments 1 and 4), in difficult-to-read lettering (Experiment 2), or while furrowing one's brow (Experiment 3)-reduced the impact of heuristics and defaults in judgment (Experiments 1 and 3), reduced reliance on peripheral cues in persuasion (Experiment 2), and improved syllogistic reasoning (Experiment 4). Metacognitive experiences of difficulty or disfluency appear to serve as an alarm that activates analytic forms of reasoning that assess and sometimes correct the output of more intuitive forms of reasoning.
Dual-process model of courage Chowkase, Aakash A; Parra-Martínez, Fabio Andrés; Ghahremani, Mehdi ...
Frontiers in psychology,
2024, Volume:
15
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Courage is one of the most significant psychological constructs for society, but not one of the most frequently studied. This paper presents a process model of courage consisting of decision-based ...pathways by which one comes to enact a courageous action. We argue the process of courage begins with a trigger involving an actor(s) and a situation(s). The actor(s) then engage(s) in four key assessments concerning (a) immediacy of the situation, (b) meaningfulness, value, and relevance to the actor, (c) adequacy of efficacy to act, and (d) decision to act with courage. The central component of this process entails an approach-avoidance conflict involving assessments of perceived risks and potential noble outcomes of acting with courage. The decision to act may result in courageous actions assuming it satisfies the four elements: intentionality, objective and substantial risk, a noble purpose, and meaning in time and place. Courageous actions have consequences. Finally, the consequences shape the actors' experience, which feeds into the trigger, closing the loop. Potential moderators of the courage process as well as potential tests of the model have been discussed.
► We examine proposer offers in the Ultimatum Game under cognitive constraints. ► Cognitive capacity is constrained by time pressure and cognitive load. ► Time pressure leads proposers to make higher ...offers. ► Cognitive load does not impact on offers.
We experimentally investigate how proposers in the Ultimatum Game behave when their cognitive resources are constrained by time pressure and cognitive load. In a dual-system perspective, when proposers are cognitively constrained and thus their deliberative capacity is reduced, their offers are more likely to be influenced by spontaneous affective reactions. We find that under time pressure proposers make higher offers. This increase appears not to be explained by more reliance on an equality heuristic. Analysing the behaviour of the same individual in both roles leads us to favour the strategic over the other-regarding explanation for the observed increase in offers. In contrast, proposers who are under cognitive load do not behave differently from proposers who are not.
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