Illuminating the solvatochromic behaviour of π‐extended Reichardt's dye. In our study, we synthesized π‐extended derivatives of the well‐known Reichardt's dye and revealed that the extended structure ...did not reduce their solvatochromic properties as was previously reported. More information can be found in the Research Article by W. W. H. Wong and co‐workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400314). Image created by Adrian Franzese.
In this review paper, some of the important fundamentals in the chemistry of cyanine dyes were explained. This include topics like structure and resonance forms of cyanine dyes, naturally occurring ...cyanine dyes, different classes of cyanine dyes and formation mechanisms of cyanine dyes. This covers methine cyanine dyes, apocyanine dyes, styryl cyanine dyes (hemicyanine dyes), aza-styryl cyanine dyes)aza-hemicyanine dyes(, merocyanine dyes (acyclic merocyanine dyes and cyclic merocyanine dyes) squarylium cyanine dyes (aromatic squarylium cyanine dyes and heterocyclic squarylium cyanine dyes), spectral sensitization evaluation of cyanine dyes, solvatochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes, halochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes, cyanine dyes for CD-R and DVD-R, cyanine dyes as fluorescent labels for nucleic acid research, mechanisms of dimethine cyanine dyes and mechanisms of apocyanine dyes. In addition, in the introduction section of this review paper some light is focussed on some important uses and applications of cyanine dyes. This special and/or specific type of collective review in the fundamentals, principles, knowledge and/or the understanding of cyanine dyes chemistry has been paid little attention and is lacking in the chemistry literature.
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•More and more attention and have been paid to the chemistry of cyanine dyes. This is because the multiplicity uses and applications of these dyes in several fields of science, technology engineering, pharmacology and medicine.•The developments of cyanine dyes synthesis and their applications in photographic and non-photographic multidisciplinary areas are growing continuously, significantly and rapidly. Certainly, this will make the present and the future of cyanine dyes chemistry effective, fruitful and very bright.•Because cyanine dyes have multiple uses and applications in a diverse and broad area of science, technology, engineering, pharmacology and medicine, this review paper might be very interesting and useful for the large heterogenous community groups of chemists, biologists, physicists, biotechnologists, pharmacologists and medical scientists.•This paper review will be informative, useful, and an excellent key reference work for chemists and researchers who are keen to have the fundamental understanding, principles and knowledge of cyanine dyes chemistry.•This paper review can be used and will be most valuable for students, particularly for the post graduate students in the field of heterocyclic and cyanine dyes chemistry.•This paper review is recommended to anyone interested in the subject, to chemistry libraries and also for the personal bookshelves of every organic heterocyclic and cyanine dyes chemist.
Frente a este planteamiento, nos serviremos de los novedosos aportes de Jairus Banaji, quien destaca el desarrollo de funciones productivas por parte del capital comercial. Specifically, we will ...examine the way in which Genoese capital uses its condition of monopoly importer of dyes to try to displace the local master dyers of the city management of dyes. The empirical analysis will lead us away from the assumptions of traditional Marxist historiography that establish a rigid separation between circulation and production. Si bien allí poseen depósitos, la mayor parte es almacenada directamente en la capital del reino, tanto por razones de seguridad como por la mayor actividad comercial que ello permite.15 Tanto en Cartagena como en Murcia, los genoveses disponen de factores al frente de los depósitos.
Dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the promising photovoltaic (PV) technologies for applications requiring high aesthetic features combined with energy production such as building integration ...PV (BIPV). In this context, DSSCs have the ability to be wavelength selective, thanks to the development of new sensitizers by molecular engineering. The long history of dye research has afforded is technology different colorations for reaching panchromatic light absorption. However, nearly 45% of radiation from sunlight lies in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, where human cones are not sensitive. This review provides the reader with key information on how to selectively exploit this region to develop colorless and transparent PV based on DSSC technology. Besides selective NIR absorbers, the triptych photoanode, counter‐electrode, and redox mediator are together contributing to reach high aesthetic features. Details of all the components, interplay, and an opinion on the technological limitations to reach colorless and transparent NIR‐DSSC are herein discussed in relationship with BIPV applications.
This review provides the reader guidelines to properly design materials to be implemented in colorless and transparent near‐infrared‐selective dye‐sensitized solar cells giving specific attention to the interplay between the different device components. In addition, key characterization techniques are discussed along with the aesthetic requirements for practical application.
Amongst functional macromolecules, the combination of polymers and dyes is a research field of great potential with regard to high-performance materials. Accordingly, colored polymers have become ...increasingly important as materials for miscellaneous technical applications in recent years while also being a major part of everyday life. For instance, dye-containing polymers are nowadays widely applied in medicine, painting industries, analytics and gas separation processes. Since these applications are obviously connected to the dye's nature, which is incorporated into the corresponding polymers, the affinity of certain polymers to dyes is exploited in wastewater work-ups after (textile) dyeing procedures. In this review, we wish to point out the great importance of dye-containing polymers, with a comprehensive scope and a focus on azo, triphenylmethane, indigoid, perylene and anthraquinone dyes. Since a large number of synthetic approaches towards the preparation of such materials can be found in the literature, an elaborated overview of different preparation techniques is given as well.
D-π-A and (D-π-)2A fluorescent dyes (OUY-1 and OUY-2) with a 3-pyridyl group as an electron-withdrawing anchoring group have been newly developed as photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells ...(DSSCs). We found that both dyes OUY-1 and OUY-2 were adsorbed onto a TiO2 electrode through the formation of pyridinium ions and/or hydrogen bonding of the pyridyl group with the Brønsted-acidic sites on the TiO2 surface. However, D-π-A dye NI-6, with a 4-pyridyl group, was predominantly adsorbed onto the TiO2 surface through coordinate bonding between the pyridyl group and the Lewis-acidic sites on the TiO2 surface. The photovoltaic performance of DSSC based on dye OUY-1 is comparable to that of the dye NI-6. On the other hand, the photovoltaic performance of DSSC based on dye OUY-2 is much lower than that of the dye OUY-1. This work revealed that the binding mode of D-π-A dyes with pyridyl groups on the TiO2 surface can be changed by control of the basicity and electron density of pyridyl groups.
In this review, a discussion on renewable sources of energy with clear focus on solar cell applications is presented. Especially, possible future directions for development of dye-sensitized solar ...cells (DSSCs) are discussed. Dye-sensitized solar cells have become an important topic of research due to its high importance in energy conversion. Current DSSCs are based on metal dye sensitizers, metal-free organic dyes or natural dyes. They have been extensively studied due to their low cost, simple preparation methodology, low toxicity, and ease of production. Still there is a need to find more abundant DSSC materials that at the same time exhibit long-term stability. Computational studies have been an important ally for developing/designing new dye sensitizers. They are reviewed here with a special emphasis on the benefit of such studies. The conceptual understanding of development and working principle of photoactive DSSC materials is the primary feature of the review followed by examples of studies on different dye sensitizers using scarce to abundant metal based dyes and metal free organic dyes with donor-π-acceptor geometries for both n- and p-type DSSCs. The proper choice of organic dyes including donor, spacer, or acceptor is discussed and a prospective on dual donor based dyes is presented.
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•An understanding of solar cell applications, especially focusing on possible future directions for the development of dye sensitized solar cells.•Different choices of dye sensitizers like scarce to abundant metal-based dyes; from porphyrin and phthalocyanine based dyes and also metal free organic dyes.•A future prospective of dual organic donor-based dyes which may contribute to the development of new dye sensitizers with improved properties have been discussed.
Er super(3+) and Yb super(3+) co-doped TiO sub(2-x)F sub(x) up-conversion luminescence powder (UC-TiO sub(2-x)F sub(x)) was fabricated via hydrothermal method and calcined at 500 degree C for 2 h. ...The prepared powders were characterized by SEM, XRD, PL, UC-PL, UV-Vis, SPS and IPCE spectra. The results showed that UC-TiO sub(2-x)F sub(x) possessed the property of up-conversion, increasing the percentage of visible light that can be absorbed by N719 dyes; it got a lower band gap energy which contributed to a faster electrons injection and decreased the radiative recombination process of photo-generated electrons and holes in TiO sub(2); and adequate F-doping could enhance the performance of luminescence and widened the light absorption in visible light range, but excessive F-doping could cause blue-shift. We applied the UC-TiO sub(2-x)F sub(x) into dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), as a light scattering layer for its special morphology, to gain a higher light harvesting and a lower light loss so as to achieve a satisfied DSSC efficiency. Under the simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW cm super(-2) (AM1.5G), a short-circuit current density of 16.3 mA cm super(-2), an open-circuit voltage of 0.725 V and an overall energy conversion efficiency of 7.08% were obtained by introducing this light scattering layer.
Despite the one-dimensional ordering of anodic TiO sub(2) nanotube arrays (TNAs), the electron diffusion towards the substrate in TNA-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is comparably slow. The ...improvement of electron mobility by enhancing TNA crystallinity under high-temperature annealing, however, is infeasible with the existence of Ti metal substrate. Herein, it is shown that, by high temperature (up to 700 degree C) crystallization of high-quality free-standing TNA membranes, the TNAs can maintain their structure integrity and phase (anatase) stability as a result of the absence of the nucleation sites and the high quality of the membrane obtained by a self-detachment method. The electron transport is much faster ( approximately 4 times) in the 700 degree C-annealed TNA membranes than that in the 400 degree C-treated ones for 20 mu m-length nanotubes, which is mainly attributed to the improved crystallinity and reduced electron trap states. In spite of slightly reduced dye loading capacity (decreased by approximately 30%) in the 700 degree C-annealed membranes, the superior electron transport leads to a significantly improved efficiency of 7.81% (enhanced by approximately 50%). The strategy of manipulating the electron transport dynamics by high temperature treatment on high-quality TNA membranes may open new route for further improvement in the performances of TNA-based DSSCs. High-quality self-detached TiO sub(2) nanotube array membranes by electrochemical anodization exhibit excellent structure integrity and crystal phase stability under high temperature crystallization. These membranes, with improved crystallinity and reduced electron trap states, possess superior electron transport for application in dye-sensitized solar cells, leading to the significantly improved solar power conversion efficiency.
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![Development of D-[pi]-A Flu...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1434-193X/small "Development of D-[pi]-A Fluorescent Dyes with a 3-Pyridyl Group as Electron-Withdrawing Anchoring Group for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells")
