Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms provides a systematic introduction to all major nature-inspired algorithms for optimization. The book's unified approach, balancing algorithm introduction, ...theoretical background and practical implementation, complements extensive literature with well-chosen case studies to illustrate how these algorithms work. Topics include particle swarm optimization, ant and bee algorithms, simulated annealing, cuckoo search, firefly algorithm, bat algorithm, flower algorithm, harmony search, algorithm analysis, constraint handling, hybrid methods, parameter tuning and control, as well as multi-objective optimization. This book can serve as an introductory book for graduates, doctoral students and lecturers in computer science, engineering and natural sciences. It can also serve a source of inspiration for new applications. Researchers and engineers as well as experienced experts will also find it a handy reference. Discusses and summarizes the latest developments in nature-inspired algorithms with comprehensive, timely literature Provides a theoretical understanding as well as practical implementation hints Provides a step-by-step introduction to each algorithm.
Advice from the expertson collecting and managing the digital resources that are an increasingly vital part of librarianship!
Managing Digital Resources in Libraries is a practical guide to managing ...library materials in digital formats. Working librarians share their expertise in the acquisition and management of digital resources, addressing questions of licensing, funding, and providing access. The contributors also examine innovative projects and systems, such as the integration of PDA-accessible resources into a library collection and the development of all-digital libraries. You'll also find supplementary reading lists and bibliographies of additional resources, including relevant Web sites.
Addressing the challenges of and barriers to the preservation and dissemination of electronic information, Managing Digital Resources in Libraries explores vital questions, such as:
How are librarians coping with digital resources?
How do they compare and select titles and formats to purchase?
How do they allocate limited fundsto lease or to purchase high-priced electronic titles?
Does consortium membership provide the answer to funding problems, or does it force librarians to pay for content their users neither want nor need?
Is MARC still an appropriate format for cataloging?
How can librarians make themselves familiar with the multitude of available resources? Managing Digital Resources in Libraries will update your working knowledge of:
online resources
open archivestheir uses and their history
the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the First Sale Doctrine, and the Fair Use Doctrineand their implications for librarians
e-journal cataloging and e-journal management software
electronic collection development and management
personal digital assistants
digital licensing agreements
electronic searching systems, including ELIN@, Electronic Journal Finder, Pirate Source, OPAC, and cold fusion databases
Introduction: Managing Digital Resources (Audrey Fenner)
LICENSING
The Impact of Licenses on Library Collections (Min Chou and Oliver Zhou)
Travels into Several Remote Corners of the Information Universe: A Voyage to the
Department of the Houyhnhnmists, or, Licensing Issues and the Integrated Collection (Timothy Shipe)
OPINIONS, RESEARCH, AND ANALYSIS
Harvesting for Disseminating: Open Archives and the Role of Academic Libraries (Eugenio Pelizzari)
The Electronic Librarian: Inching Towards the Revolution (Emerita M. Cuesta)
The Method Behind the Madness: Acquiring Online Journals and a Solution to Provide Access (Donna Skekel)
SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE
Choices in Cataloging Electronic Journals (Cecilia A. Leathem)
ELIN@: Electronic Library Information NavigatorTowards the One Stop Shop (Anna Alwerud and Lotte Jorgensen)
Western Michigan University Libraries' Electronic Journal Finder (Randle Gedeon and George Boston)
Integrating Print and Electronic Resources: Joyner Library's Pirate Source (Clark Nall and Janice Steed Lewis)
Electronic Journals in Aggregated Collections: Providing Access Through the Catalog and a Cold Fusion Database (Sue Anderson)
SPECIAL PROJECTS AND HISTORIES
Just Another Format: Integrating Resources for Users of Personal Digital Assistants (Denise Koufogiannakis, Pam Ryan, and Susan Dahl)
Issues in the Development of an All-Digital Public Health Library in Michigan: The Michigan Community Health Electronic Library (Harvey R. Brenneise)
Electronic Collection Management: Completing the CycleExperiences at Two
Libraries (Judith Hiott and Carla Beasley)
Index
Reference Notes Included
This work presents a systematic study toward the design and first demonstration of high-performance n-type monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field effect transistors (FET) by selecting the contact ...metal based on understanding the physics of contact between metal and monolayer WSe2. Device measurements supported by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the d-orbitals of the contact metal play a key role in forming low resistance ohmic contacts with monolayer WSe2. On the basis of this understanding, indium (In) leads to small ohmic contact resistance with WSe2 and consequently, back-gated In–WSe2 FETs attained a record ON-current of 210 μA/μm, which is the highest value achieved in any monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide- (TMD) based FET to date. An electron mobility of 142 cm2/V·s (with an ON/OFF current ratio exceeding 106) is also achieved with In–WSe2 FETs at room temperature. This is the highest electron mobility reported for any back gated monolayer TMD material till date. The performance of n-type monolayer WSe2 FET was further improved by Al2O3 deposition on top of WSe2 to suppress the Coulomb scattering. Under the high-κ dielectric environment, electron mobility of Ag–WSe2 FET reached ∼202 cm2/V·s with an ON/OFF ratio of over 106 and a high ON-current of 205 μA/μm. In tandem with a recent report of p-type monolayer WSe2 FET ( Fang H et al. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, (7), 3788−3792 ), this demonstration of a high-performance n-type monolayer WSe2 FET corroborates the superb potential of WSe2 for complementary digital logic applications.
Online comment can be informative or misleading, entertaining or maddening. Haters and manipulators often seem to monopolize the conversation. Some comments are off-topic, or even topic-less. In this ...book, Joseph Reagle urges us to read the comments. Conversations "on the bottom half of the Internet," he argues, can tell us much about human nature and social behavior. Reagle visits communities of Amazon reviewers, fan fiction authors, online learners, scammers, freethinkers and mean kids. He shows how comment can inform us (through reviews), improve us (through feedback), manipulate us (through fakery), alienate us (through hate), shape us (through social comparison) and perplex us. He finds pre-Internet historical antecedents of online comment in Michelin stars, professional criticism and the wisdom of crowds. He discusses the techniques of online fakery (distinguishing makers, fakers, and takers), describes the emotional work of receiving and giving feedback, and examines the culture of trolls and haters, bullying and misogyny. He considers the way comment — a nonstop stream of social quantification and ranking — affects our self-esteem and well-being. And he examines how comment is puzzling — short and asynchronous, these messages can be slap-dash, confusing, amusing, revealing and weird, shedding context in their passage through the Internet, prompting readers to comment in turn, "WTF?!?"
The introduction of enhancement-mode gallium-nitride-based power devices such as the eGaN FET offers the potential to achieve higher efficiencies and higher switching frequencies than possible with ...silicon MOSFETs. With the improvements in switching performance and low parasitic packaging provided by eGaN FETs, the printed circuit board (PCB) layout becomes critical to converter performance. This paper will study the effect of PCB layout parasitic inductance on efficiency and peak device voltage stress for an eGaN FET-based point of load (POL) converter operating at a switching frequency of 1 MHz, an input voltage range of 12-28 V, an output voltage of 1.2 V, and an output current up to 20 A. This paper will also compare the parasitic inductances of conventional PCB layouts and propose an improved PCB design, providing a 40% decrease in parasitic inductance over the best conventional PCB design.
Physically transient electronic materials and devices Shim, Jun-Seok; Rogers, John A.; Kang, Seung-Kyun
Materials science & engineering. R, Reports : a review journal,
July 2021, 2021-07-00, 20210701, Volume:
145
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Transient electronics, which can be tuned to be completely or partially dissoluble, degradable, and disintegrable, create new opportunities in the upcoming ubiquitous electronics era that are ...inaccessible with conventional permanent electronics. This emerging field offers unique electronic applications in environmentally degradable eco-devices with minimal or zero waste, biodegradable medical implants not requiring secondary removal surgery, and hardware-based security devices with self-destructing circuits. Nanoscale thin-film processing that exploits Si in single-crystalline form and related techniques allow construction of transient electronics with high performance and versatile characteristics, including nearly all types of active electronic components, integrated circuits, sensors and other integrated wireless medical devices. Here we review recently developed transient electronics and materials, mainly illustrating representative inorganic and Si electronic materials technologies. Dissolution chemistry and reaction kinetics of semiconductors, dielectric and metal conductors are described to explain the dependence on environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, ion species and materials microstructure, density, crystallinity, composition. Materials and approaches that define the functional lifetime of transient electronic are introduced in two aspects: using passive encapsulation layers to control water-vapor diffusion and using on-demand active triggerable systems of stimulus-responsive materials. Transfer-printing approaches and solution printing processes offer strategies to integrate high-performance inorganic electronic materials with soft and flexible biodegradable organic substrates. Various examples of biodegradable medical electronics for clinically relevant diseases and symptoms support effective practical applications.
PDF
