This article investigates how and when leader job insecurity influences engineer job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). By integrating social information processing ...perspective and dual-path model, this article hypothesizes that leader job insecurity influences engineer job performance and OCB negatively via engineer job frustration and occupational self-efficacy. Moreover, drawing from social support resource theory, we hypothesize that coworker support moderates the impacts of leader job insecurity on engineer job frustration and occupational self-efficacy. We test these hypotheses using data from a sample of 266 leader-engineer dyads. Consistent with our theoretical framework, we find that engineer job frustration and occupational self-efficacy mediates the negative and indirect effect of leader job insecurity on engineer job performance and OCB. In addition, coworker support moderates the relationship between leader job insecurity and mediators (i.e., job frustration and occupational self-efficacy) as well as the indirect impacts of leader job insecurity on engineer job performance and OCB.
This book is the first history of Austria’s Chambers of Chartered Engineering Consultants from the foundation of the institution of chartered engineering consultants in 1860 up to the ...Ziviltechnikergesetz of 1957. In addition to tracing the history of the organization, the book tackles head-on the controversial issue of collaboration with the Nazi regime and the fate of those chartered engineering consultants who were persecuted. Selected biographies reveal the extent of the chambers’ autonomy and show how members’ careers were made and broken during this period, as well as discriminatory measures. A special concern of this book is to keep alive the memory of those chartered engineering consultants who fell victim to the Nazi regime. With this thorough and scientific reappraisal, Austria’s Federal Chamber of Chartered Engineering Consultants has taken an important step in taking responsibility for its own history.
•Need to carry out deeper structured analyses of the ethical aspects of Micro-CSR.•Psychological effects of perceived CSR.•Need for permanent implementation of CSR analyses in a multi-level ...perspective.•Decline of companies is the result of a continuous process of corporate management.•Corporate declines are part of the business but lacks theory and analysis in CSR framework.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of selected ethical factors of business on the perception of defined attributes of decline in the small- and medium-sized enterprise sectors of the V4 countries. The perceptions of ethical business factors between entrepreneurs–engineers and entrepreneurs–non-engineers were evaluated. The study underscores the need for permanent implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) analyses from a multilevel perspective that allows the integration of different theoretical frameworks. The results of the study justify the need to carry out deeper structured analyses of the ethical aspects of micro-CSR business at the individual or group level, taking into account multiple categorisation lines. This study also confirms the psychological effects of perceived CSR on a company’s decline. This can be especially advantageous in identifying opportunities for the better use of CSR strategies and in creating adaptive CSR concept platforms.
Research summary: This article applies data from Linkedln to advance strategy research into the effect of human capital on mobility of engineers and scientists. Through an inventor survey, we show ...that Linkedln provides more accurate career histories than patents. Compared to Linkedln, patent measures of mobility generate 12 percent false positives and 83 percent false negatives. Using Linkedln, we review findings from previous research using patents to track the effect of human capital on mobility. One previous finding is robust: that mobility is higher in Silicon Valley than elsewhere. Other findings are possibly sensitive to the measure of mobility or sample selection. We interpret our results as the outcome of targeted retention of human capital. Data for this study may be accessed at FIVE, five.dartmouth.edu. Managerial summary: How does the mobility of engineers and scientists depend on their human capital? Previous research used patents to track inventor mobility and concluded that employers targeted inventors for recruitment by their human capital. Here, we introduce data from Linkedln to review the previous research. Through an inventor survey, we show that Linkedln provides more accurate career histories than patents. Compared to Linkedln, patent measures of mobility generate 12 percent false positives and 82 percent false negatives. Among the previous findings, we show that one is robust: mobility is higher among inventors in Silicon Valley than elsewhere. Other findings are possibly sensitive to the measure of mobility or sample selection. Our results suggest that current employers target engineers and scientists for retention according to their human capital.
•Designed dyes would be promising candidates with overall efficiency in the range of 22.9–28.8%.•Design dyes have a faster IET rate with over 85.3% electrons have been injected into TiO2 within ...200 fs.•Introduce electron-deficient heterocycles could enhance light-harvesting abilities toward the NIR region with 78 nm redshift λmax and broaden LHE curve.•The introduction of triple bond between donor and π bridge is beneficial to improve the performance of dyes.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have displayed huge potential in inexpensive, efficient, and clean solar energy-technology. To achieve highly efficient DSSCs, a series of D-π-A organic dyes were designed and their optoelectrical properties were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Compared with ZL003, ZS1 designed by introducing the triple bond between donor and π bridge, has higher conjugation, narrower HOMO-LUMO bandgap, and extended absorption spectra. Then five new organic dyes were designed by substituting benzothiadiazole part of ZS1 with five electron-deficient heterocycles. The designed dyes have more conjugated structure, which leads to stronger light harvesting ability with the absorption spectra expanding to the near infrared region, the maximum absorption wavelength red shifting 78 nm∼448 nm and light harvesting efficiency (LHE) curve broadening obviously. The intermolecular electron transfer (IET) rate of the design dye is much faster than that of ZL003, over 85.3% of electrons in the design dye have been injected into TiO2 within 200 fs. Especially, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BBTD, BTTD and BZOD is more than 25.7%, mainly reflected in the obvious jump of the theoretical short current density (Jscpred.) by more than 68%. Therefore, the design dyes have a good application prospect. We believe that this work could provide theoretical guidance for the design of potential organic sensitizers in highly efficient DSSCs.
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•Define standard engineer archetype: integration both academic and occupational I4.0 competences.•Quantify the contribution to Sustainable Development (SD) of standard engineer archetypes.•Realign ...educational and occupational engineer frameworks to 2030 Sustainable Agenda of the United Nations.•Provide holistic approach, integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and I4.0 engineering contents.•Industrial engineer archetype Sustainable Development (SD) contribution.
In the last decade, a shift toward Sustainable Development (SD) in engineering has started in the educational and occupational framework. Therefore, the need to rethink the professional figures of an engineer has become a necessity. Unfortunately, neither a formal methodology to define a standard engineer archetype nor procedural methods to evaluate such archetypes’ contribution to SD are investigated. This paper bridges the first gap by proposing a general methodology to define specific engineer archetypes as technical competences from educational - Semi Structured Intended Learning Outcomes (SS-ILOs) - and occupational - European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) - frameworks. The second gap is addressed by a procedural method based on indirect mapping of the identified archetypes onto United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). Since Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is the working environment of future engineers and has a promising potential to achive SDGs, I4.0 technologies influences on SDGs are used as a bridge to evaluate sustainability of the defined enigineer archetypes. Finally, we provide the application of our proposed methodology to the Industrial engineering case study. The results show that significant limitations toward sustainability remain open challenges. However, the intrinsic nature of the industrial engineer is confined to some specific goals, and a characteristic signature on sustainability emerged.
Recently, chalcogenides have attracted much attention as electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, few studies have been conducted on the electrocatalytic properties of gallium ...oxides and chalcogenides. In this paper, a Ga2XY (X ≠ Y, X, Y=O, S, Se, Te) defect structure doped by non-metal B, C, N, P, Si, and As have been designed. According to the study, the doping of non-metal atoms can significantly enhance their HER properties, the Ga2OSe-AsXi-Xi structure and Ga2SeTe-SiXi-NM structure possess intensely excellent HER properties in this study with the Gibbs free energy of 0.01 eV and 0.00 eV, respectively. It is found that the Ga2SeTe structure has a more concentrated electron transfer range compared to the Ga2OSe structure, leading to a superior HER performance. This work provides a new idea for the study of HER electrocatalytic performance of the Ga2XY system, and it is expected to be applied to HER catalysts affordably and efficiently.
•Screening of non-metal doped Ga2XY defective structures for HER electrocatalytic performance.•The introduction of Ga vacancies significantly enhances the HER performance of Ga2XY structures.•The Ga2SeTe defective doped structure has a more concentrated electron transfer range compared to the Ga2OSe structure.•The As-doped Ga2OSe structure and the Si-doped Ga2SeTe structure containing Ga defect have a near-zero ΔGH.
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to describe two innovative biomedical engineering and nursing collaborations designed to educate a new cadre of professionals and develop new knowledge and ...innovations (robots, patient care devices, and computer simulation).
Organizing Construct
Complex health problems demand a highly skilled response that uses teams of professionals from various disciplines. When the biomedical engineering lens is expanded to include the practical perspective of nursing, opportunities emerge for greater technology–nurse interface and subsequent innovation. A joint nursing‐engineering degree program provides the ideal preparation for a well‐informed nurse‐engineer who can explore new and innovative solutions that will improve care and patient outcomes.
Approach
A review of the literature provides the background on innovation and engineering in nursing and a rationale for the development of two innovative joint degrees, as well as a description of those programs.
Findings
These innovative programs will advance healthcare‐related technology and maximize the potential contribution of the nursing profession in the design and implementation of creative solutions. They also have the potential to increase the skills and knowledge for students enrolled in biomedical engineering or Bachelor of Science in nursing programs individually, providing them with interdisciplinary training and exposure.
Clinical Relevance
Important patient care improvement opportunities are missed when nurses are not actively engaged in patient care device innovation and creation. Innovative nurse and engineer collaborations are needed in various forms to leverage nurse ingenuity and create patient care innovations.
Boolean algebra, also called Boolean logic, is at the heart of the electronic circuitry in everything we use--from our computers and cars, to our kitchen gadgets and home appliances. How did a system ...of mathematics established in the Victorian era become the basis for such incredible technological achievements a century later? InThe Logician and the Engineer, best-selling popular math writer Paul Nahin combines engaging problems and a colorful historical narrative to tell the remarkable story of how two men in different eras--mathematician and philosopher George Boole (1815-1864) and electrical engineer and pioneering information theorist Claude Shannon (1916-2001)--advanced Boolean logic and became founding fathers of the electronic communications age.
Presenting the dual biographies of Boole and Shannon, Nahin examines the history of Boole's innovative ideas, and considers how they led to Shannon's groundbreaking work on electrical relay circuits and information theory. Along the way, Nahin presents logic problems for readers to solve and talks about the contributions of such key players as Georg Cantor, Tibor Rado, and Marvin Minsky--as well as the crucial role of Alan Turing's "Turing machine"--in the development of mathematical logic and data transmission. Nahin takes readers from fundamental concepts to a deeper and more sophisticated understanding of how a modern digital machine such as the computer is constructed. Nahin also delves into the newest ideas in quantum mechanics and thermodynamics in order to explore computing's possible limitations in the twenty-first century and beyond.
The Logician and the Engineershows how a form of mathematical logic and the innovations of two men paved the way for the digital technology of the modern world.
While an extensive body of work has examined the dynamics of rework in engineer-to-order (ETO) production systems, and several archetypes to mitigate its occurrence have been produced, the role of ...error-making has yet to be thoroughly examined. This paper uses the theoretical lens of error-as-process to explain the rework phenomena where errors are viewed as a chain of emergent triggers, adaptive activities, and social interactions that progress and transform over time in an ETO production system. We develop a resilient error-as-process archetype-based emergent best practice to address the following research questions: (1) How and why do errors and rework occur? and (2) How should a project system adapt and respond to errors and manage rework? An inductive case study of a relational ETO production system – an AU$19.8 billion transport infrastructure project procured using a program alliance – is undertaken to examine our research questions. Through various data collection methods (e.g., interviews, documentation, and site dairies), several rework events occurring in construction are identified and analysed using our process-oriented lens. Several latent conditions (e.g., production pressure and procedural drift) and contributory factors (e.g., complacency creep and communication breakdowns) resulting in error-making and rework are unearthed. We also reveal the alliance was able to adapt and respond to errors and its rework by building resilience into its production ecosystem, as this enhanced its team and subcontractors’ adaptive capacity. Our theoretically robust error-as-process archetype is grounded in the actualities of practice. It provides a frame of reference to show how relational ETO production systems should mitigate their rework. Future research is required to validate our resilient error-as-process archetype so that best practices can be identified and drawn upon to contain and reduce errors and mitigate rework in construction and other ETO production systems (e.g. shipbuilding), where relational contracting prevails.
