This paper presents a method for recognizing behaviors in videos based on the ensemble RGB-S deep neural network, which combines RGB images and skeleton features from an action recognition database ...built in intelligent home service robot environments. The ensemble model is designed using the three-stream approach. The first stream classifies behaviors in videos using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a pre-trained ResNet101 model, which uses two-dimensional (2D) sequence images of actions as its input, and training a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network with the sequence (RGB 2D-CNN + LSTM). The second stream directly manages the video and uses a three-dimensional (3D) CNN to include both temporal and spatial information. The 3D CNN is based on a pre-trained R3D-18 model (RGB 3D-CNN). The last stream uses the pose evolution image (PEI) method, which converts the skeleton sequence into a single-color image. The converted images are used as the input for the CNN (Skeleton PEI-2D-CNN). This approach not only reflects the spatial and temporal features of the behaviors in videos, but also includes all characteristics of the 2D sequence images, 3D videos, and skeleton sequences. Finally, a large-scale database for behavior recognition in videos, known as ETRI-Activity3D, is used in this study to verify the performance of the proposed deep neural network. A recognition performance of 93.2% is achieved in a cross-subject experiment, verifying the superiority of this method over models from previous studies.
This paper investigates the relationship between R&D capabilities (learning, R&D and external networking), technology commercialization (manufacturing and marketing), and innovation performance ...(product competitiveness) among SMEs in IT-related businesses. The study focuses on 254 Korean IT SMEs that were either recipients of government R&D grants or their indirect beneficiaries during the two-year period between 2005 and 2007. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, unlike what has been suggested by previous studies, R&D intensity was not the only factor influencing the innovation performance of firms; learning and external networking also had a significant influence on innovation. The research implication of this finding is that the measurement of firms' performance should not be solely based on the intensity of R&D expenditures, but a broader set of factors including learning and external networking capabilities. Second, the technology commercialization capabilities of firms played the role of a mediator in the relationship between R&D and innovation performance. Within the innovation cycle of input (R&D capabilities), process (technology commercialization capabilities) and output (innovation performance), we found that R&D seldom influenced performance in a direct fashion, but its influence was most often mediated by technology commercialization capabilities. The practical implication of this finding for companies is that in order to improve performance, they must avoid narrowly focusing on R&D, but must invest also in capabilities to commercialize technologies resulting from R&D. Third, when direct and indirect beneficiaries of public R&D funding are compared together, the explanatory power of the relationship between R&D capabilities, technology commercialization capabilities and innovation performance was stronger among the latter than the former.
This paper investigates the relationship between R&D capabilities (learning, R&D and external networking), technology commercialization (manufacturing and marketing), and innovation performance ...(product competitiveness) among SMEs in IT-related businesses. The study focuses on 254 Korean IT SMEs that were either recipients of government R&D grants or their indirect beneficiaries during the two-year period between 2005 and 2007. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, unlike what has been suggested by previous studies, R&D intensity was not the only factor influencing the innovation performance of firms; learning and external networking also had a significant influence on innovation. The research implication of this finding is that the measurement of firms’ performance should not be solely based on the intensity of R&D expenditures, but a broader set of factors including learning and external networking capabilities. Second, the technology commercialization capabilities of firms played the role of a mediator in the relationship between R&D and innovation performance. Within the innovation cycle of input (R&D capabilities), process (technology commercialization capabilities) and output (innovation performance), we found that R&D seldom influenced performance in a direct fashion, but its influence was most often mediated by technology commercialization capabilities. The practical implication of this finding for companies is that in order to improve performance, they must avoid narrowly focusing on R&D, but must invest also in capabilities to commercialize technologies resulting from R&D. Third, when direct and indirect beneficiaries of public R&D funding are compared together, the explanatory power of the relationship between R&D capabilities, technology commercialization capabilities and innovation performance was stronger among the latter than the former. Santrauka Straipsnyje tiriamas ryšys tarp mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės plėtros (MT ir EP), technologijų komercializavimo (gamybos ir rinkodaros) bei inovacijų efektyvumo (produkto konkurencingumo) smulkiose ir vidutinėse informacinių technologijų (IT) įmonėse. Buvo tiriamos 254 Korėjos smulkios ir vidutinės IT įmonės, kurios buvo valstybės paramos gavėjos arba gavo netiesioginę paramą 2005–2007 m. Pagrindinės tyrimo išvados yra šios: mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės plėtros mastas nėra vienintelis veiksnys, darantis įtaką inovacijų efektyvumui įmonėse; mokymas ir išorinis komunikavimas taip pat daro didelę įtaką inovacijoms. Taigi įmonių veiklos vertinimas neturėtų būti grindžiamas tik mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės plėtros intensyvumu, bet ir kitais veiksniais, kaip mokymo ir išorinio komunikavimo galimybės. Įmonės turėtų investuoti į galimybes komercializuoti technologijas, sukurtas mokslinių tyrimų ir eksperimentinės plėtros metu. Reikšminiai žodžiai: technologijų komercializavimas, inovacijų efektyvumas, moksliniai tyrimai ir eksperimentinė veikla
From its foundation until 2004, ETRI has registered over 1,000 US patents. This letter analyzes the characteristics of these patents and addresses the explanatory factors affecting their citation ...counts. For explanatory variables, research team related variables, invention specific variables, and geographical domain related variables are suggested. Zero‐altered count data models are used to test the impact of independent variables. A key finding is that technological cumulativeness, the scale of invention, outputs in the electronic field, and the degree of dependence on the US technology domain positively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents. The magnitude of international presence appears to negatively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents.
The combined effects of UV-C radiation and H2O2 on Microcystis aeruginosa, a bloom-forming cyanobacterium Wang, Binliang; Xi WangauthorKey Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yiwei HuauthorState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ...
2015
Journal Article
Time series econometrics is a rapidly evolving field. Particularly, the cointegration revolution has had a substantial impact on applied analysis. Hence, no textbook has managed to cover the full ...range of methods in current use and explain how to proceed in applied domains. This gap in the literature motivates the present volume. The methods are sketched out, reminding the reader of the ideas underlying them and giving sufficient background for empirical work. The treatment can also be used as a textbook for a course on applied time series econometrics. Topics include: unit root and cointegration analysis, structural vector autoregressions, conditional heteroskedasticity and nonlinear and nonparametric time series models. Crucial to empirical work is the software that is available for analysis. New methodology is typically only gradually incorporated into existing software packages. Therefore a flexible Java interface has been created, allowing readers to replicate the applications and conduct their own analyses.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that economic policy is failing to resolve important economic problems at both the regional and global levels. While part of the blame may be attributed to ...politicians, there is a growing awareness that much of the fault rests with the economic profession itself. It is from this perspective that the authors of Historical Analysis in Economics approach their subject.
The authors argue that in order to give realistic policy advice it is necessary to have a good understanding of what is happening in the real world, as well as a good technical understanding of theoretical models. In practice, however, there is a mismatch between the nature of economic theory and the nature of economic reality. While most significant real-world problems emerge from longrun dynamic processes in society, economics is an abstract and deductive science that employs a shortrun static approach. The authors stress that if economics is to address the real problems in society it must develop path-dependent theoretical models and also attempt to reconstruct the dynamic process of change through time. In response to this crisis in the discipline, the objective of this book is to draw attention to the practical limitations of economics, and to suggest that deductive economics be modified and adapted through a closer relationship with economic history. The failure to do so could, the editor claims, result in economics losing its place as the premier policy adviser to national governments and international organizations. The authors are a group of international scholars, who draw on first-hand experience in Europe, the US and Pacific Rim. In examining the limitations of economic theory and the role that history can play in overcoming those limitations, the book defines a new role for economic history within the profession of economics.
Kiriş elemanlar, döşemelerden gelen düşey yükler ile deprem, rüzgar yükü gibi yatay yüklerin kolon elemanlara aktarılmasını sağlarlar. Dolayısıyla kirişlerin kapasite değerlerine etki eden ...parametrelerin net olarak ortaya konulması, kolonların kapasitesinin belirlenmesi kadar önem taşımaktadır. Ülkemizdeki mevcut betonarme binaların büyük çoğunluğunda beton basınç dayanımının proje dayanımından düşük olması, çekme donatısı oranının ve etriye aralığının yönetmeliklerde verilen sınır değerlere uygun olmaması karşılaşılan temel kusurlar arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, kiriş elemanlarda, beton dayanımı, çekme donatısı miktarı ve etriye aralığı parametrelerinin kiriş kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisi ½ ölçekli 16 adet betonarme kiriş numune üzerinde deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Numuneler üç noktalı eğilme testine maruz bırakılmış ve her bir numunenin yük taşıma kapasitesi, sünekliği, enerji tüketme kapasitesi ve rijitliği hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Literatürde özellikle çok düşük beton basınç dayanımına sahip kirişlerin deneysel çalışmaları oldukça az sayıdadır. Bu nedenle yapılan çalışma kapsamında üç farklı seviyede düşük beton dayanımı dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan beton dayanımının 5 MPa olan numunede etriye sıklaştırmasının davranış açısından çok katkısı bulunmazken, 7 ve 9 MPa beton dayanımına sahip numunelerde hasarın daha ileri aşamalara taşınmasında katkı sağladığı görülmüştür.
Beam elements provide the transfer of vertical loads from the slabs and horizontal loads such as earthquake and wind loads to the column elements. Therefore, clearly revealing the parameters that affect the capacity values of the beams is as important as determining the capacity of the columns. The main defects encountered are the fact that the concrete compressive strength is lower than the project strength, ratio of tensile reinforcement and stirrup spacing are not in compliance with the limit values given in the regulations in the vast majority of existing reinforced concrete buildings in our country. In this study, the effects of concrete strength, amount of tensile reinforcement and stirrup spacing parameters on beam capacity were experimentally investigated on ½ scale 16 reinforced concrete beam specimens. The specimens were subjected to three-point bending test and the load carrying capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness of each sample were calculated and interpreted. Experimental studies of beams with very low concrete compressive strength are insufficient in the literature. For this reason, three different levels of low concrete strength were taken into account within the scope of the study. From the results obtained, it was seen that the stirrup densification did not contribute much to the behavior in the specimen with concrete strength of 5 MPa, while it contributed to the further development of the damage in specimens with concrete strength of 7 and 9 MPa.
Bu çalışmada; betonarme konsol kirişlerde %20 demir talaşı katkısının ve etriye kanca açısının konsol kirişinin yapısal davranışı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Artık kullanılmayacak ve doğaya ...atılacak olan endüstriyel demir talaşı atığının geri dönüşümünün konsol kirişlerin üretiminde kullanılmak suretiyle sağlanıp sağlanamayacağı araştırılmıştır. Konsol kirişler; çekme donatılarının çapları değiştirilmek suretiyle denge altı donatılı ve denge üstü donatılı olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde üretilmiştir. Konsol kirişlerin üretiminde kullanılan betonun içerisindeki 0-4 mm aralığındaki agregaların miktarı belirlenmiş ve bu miktar %20 oranında azaltılarak yerine endüstriyel atık malzemesi olan demir talaşı yerleştirilerek %20 demir talaşı katkılı konsol kirişler oluşturulmuştur. Katkısız ve katkılı olarak oluşturulan denge altı ve denge üstü donatılı konsol kirişlerin her birinde; etriye kanca açıları 90 veya 135 derece olacak şekilde üretim yapılarak iki farklı etriye tipine sahip konsol kiriş oluşturulmuştur. Bu şekilde 8 farklı tipte üretilen konsol kirişlerin her birinden ikişer adet olmak üzere toplam 16 adet deney numunesi üretilmiştir. Numunelerin tamamında etriye aralığı 100 mm seçilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmada konsol kirişlerin Yük-Deplasman eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Buna göre; katkısız betonlu konsol kirişlerde denge altı donatılı durumda etriye kanca açısı 135 derece olan konsol kirişlerin, 90 derece olan konsol kirişlere göre süneklik değerleri %3,20 oranında artarken, bu oran denge üstü donatılı kirişlerde %7,26 olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. %20 demir talaşı katkılı konsol kirişlerde ise denge altı donatılı durumda etriye kanca açısı 135 derece olan konsol kirişlerin, 90 derece olan konsol kirişlere göre süneklik değerleri %6,93 oranında artarken, denge üstü donatılı kirişlerde %5,96 oranında artmaktadır. Katkılı betonlu numunelerin sünekliği, denge altı donatılı durumda katkısız betonlu numunelere göre 90 derece etriye kanca açılı numunelerde %2,30, 135 derece etriye kanca açılı numunelerde ise %6,00 artarken, denge üstü donatılı durumda bu oranlar sırasıyla %1,53 ve %0,30 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Etriyeleri 90 derece kanca açısına sahip olan katkısız numunelerin denge altı donatılı olarak oluşturulanlarının süneklik katsayıları, denge üstü donatılı olarak oluşturulanlara göre %9,88 oranında artarken, etriyeleri 135 derece kanca açısına sahip olanlar %5,71 oranında artmıştır. %20 demir talaşı katkılı numunelerde bu oranlar sırasıyla %10,70 ve %11,72 olmuştur.
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