•Augmented reality for manufacturing execution systems•Cobot use case specific implementation details with the focus on part assembly•Review of the existing methods for augmented reality in ...production systems
In this paper an overview of recent augmented reality (AR) solutions for manufacturing execution systems (MES) is presented. The first part of the paper describes the challenges of integrating AR into MES, while the second part focuses on custom AR solutions. The last part of the paper highlights the advantages of the proposed approaches, as well as real life experimental results. Experiments are described in detail while the code for these applications is made public on author’s website.
Gruesome Spectacles tells the sobering history of botched, mismanaged, and painful executions in the U.S. from 1890 to the present. Since the book's initial publication in 2014, the cruel and unusual ...executions of a number of people on death row, including Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma and Joseph Wood in Arizona, have made headlines and renewed vigorous debate surrounding the death penalty in America. Austin Sarat's book instantly became an essential resource for citizens, scholars, and lawmakers interested in capital punishment—even the Supreme Court, which cited the book in its recent opinion, Glossip v. Gross. Now in paperback, the book includes a new preface outlining the latest twists and turns in the death penalty debate, including the recent galvanization of citizens and leaders alike as recent botched executions have unfolded in the press. Sarat argues that unlike in the past, today's botched executions seem less like inexplicable mishaps and more like the latest symptoms of a death penalty machinery in disarray. Gruesome Spectacles traces the historical evolution of methods of execution, from hanging or firing squad to electrocution to gas and lethal injection. Even though each of these technologies was developed to "perfect" state killing by decreasing the chance of a cruel death, an estimated three percent of all American executions went awry in one way or another. Sarat recounts the gripping and truly gruesome stories of some of these deaths—stories obscured by history and to some extent, the popular press.
Event dependence in U.S. executions Baumgartner, Frank R; Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M; Campbell, Benjamin W
PloS one,
01/2018, Volume:
13, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Mass-customization production (MCP) companies must fight with shop-floor uncertainty and complexity caused by wide variety of product components. The research is motivated by a typical MCP company ...that has experienced inefficient scheduling due to paper-based identification and manual data collection. This paper presents an RFID-enabled real-time manufacturing execution system (RT-MES). RFID devices are deployed systematically on the shop-floor to track and trace manufacturing objects and collect real-time production data. Disturbances are identified and controlled within RT-MES. Planning and scheduling decisions are more practically and precisely made and executed. Online facilities are provided to visualize and manage real-time dynamics of shop-floor WIP (work-in-progress) items. A case study is reported in a collaborating company which manufactures large-scale and heavy-duty machineries. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed RT-MES are evaluated with real-life industrial data for shop-floor production management in terms of workers, machines and materials.
► RFID technology is deployed to MCP concerned manufacturing objects to capture real-time data. ► Disturbances are captured by RFID to form a real-time adaptive decision mode. ► Any movements of materials are captured by RFID and WIP inventory level is reduced finally.
Industry 4.0 is a strategic initiative recently introduced by the German government. The goal of the initiative is transformation of industrial manufacturing through digitalization and exploitation ...of potentials of new technologies. An Industry 4.0 production system is thus flexible and enables individualized and customized products. The aim of this paper is to present and facilitate an understanding of Industry 4.0 concepts, its drivers, enablers, goals and limitations. Building blocks are described and smart factory concept is presented. A Reference Architecture Model RAMI4.0 and role of standardization in future implementation of Industry 4.0 concept are addressed. The current status of Industry 4.0 readiness of the German companies is presented and commented. Finally it is discussed if Industry 4.0 is really a disruptive concept or simply a natural incremental development of industrial production systems.
Underwater humanoid robots (UHRs) have emerged as a significant area of interest in robotics, with the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional underwater robots and revolutionize ...underwater activities. This review examines the development of UHRs, focusing on their perception, decision-making, and execution capabilities within a hierarchical human-machine cooperation framework. The Perception Layer involves gathering information from the environment and human collaborators. The Decision-making Layer explores different levels of robot autonomy and the current status of human-UHR collaborative decision-making. The Execution Layer encompasses modeling, control, and actuation mechanisms to translate high-level intentions into physical actions. Various UHR implementations across research teams are reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of current advancements. Discussions and challenges surrounding UHR progress are provided as well. Continued research and development efforts of UHR represent a promising avenue for advancing human-machine cooperation and pushing the boundaries of underwater exploration, contributing to scientific discoveries and societal benefits in this captivating realm.
Hardware security has recently re-surfaced as a first-order concern to the confidentiality protections of computing systems. Meltdown and Spectre introduced a new class of microarchitectural exploits ...which leverage transient state as an attack vector, revealing fundamental security vulnerabilities of speculative execution in high-performance processors. These attacks profit from the fact that, during speculative execution, programs may execute instructions outside their legal control flows. This is used to gain access to restricted data, which is then exfiltrated through a covert channel. This paper proposes SpecShield, a family of microarchitectural mitigation techniques for shielding speculative data from covert channels used in transient execution attacks. Unlike prior work that has focused on closing individual covert channels used to leak sensitive information, SpecShield prevents the use of speculative data by downstream instructions until doing so is determined to be safe, thus isolating it from any covert channel. The most secure version of SpecShield eliminates transient execution attacks at a cost of 21% average performance degradation. A more aggressive version of SpecShield, which prevents the propagation of speculative data to known or probable covert channels provides only slightly relaxed security guarantees with an average of 10% performance impact.
Parallel and Asynchronous Smart Contract Execution Liu, Jian; Li, Peilun; Cheng, Raymond ...
IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,
2022-May-1, 2022-5-1, Volume:
33, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Today's blockchains suffer from low throughput and high latency, which impedes their widespread adoption of more complex applications like smart contracts. In this article, we propose a novel ...paradigm for smart contract execution. It distinguishes between consensus nodes and execution nodes: different groups of execution nodes can execute transactions in parallel; meanwhile, consensus nodes can asynchronously order transactions and process execution results. Moreover, it requires no coordination among execution nodes and can effectively prevent livelocks. We show two ways of applying this paradigm to blockchains. First, we show how we can make Ethereum support parallel and asynchronous contract execution without hard-forks . Then, we propose a new public, permissionless blockchain. Our benchmark shows that, with a fast consensus layer, it can provide a high throughput even for complex transactions like Cryptokitties gene mixing. It can also protect simple transactions from being starved by complex transactions.
Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models while preserving the model privacy of the clients. However, when generating a global model during the ...aggregation process, a malicious FL server could derive clients’ local model weights. Such a threat cannot be completely eliminated, even if model aggregation is performed in the Trusted Execution Environment of the server, due to memory access pattern attacks. To tackle this challenge, our paper focuses on the top-k model aggregation algorithm in FL and introduces a space efficient and oblivious sparsified model aggregation algorithm named Sort-Then-Insert (STI), which removes the dependency of the memory access pattern on the model input, thus protecting the confidentiality of clients’ models. Compared with Path ORAM, STI is over 100 times faster, and compared with the state-of-the-art solution for the same problem, Olive, our theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that STI can achieve comparable performance overhead (O(nklog2(nk))+O(dlog2(d)) for STI vs. O((nk+d)log2(nk+d)) for Olive) and reduced space overhead (max(O(nk),O(d)) for STI vs. O(nk+d) for Olive).
•A top-k model aggregation algorithm for FL achieving memory access obliviousness.•Similar time complexity and reduced space complexity, compared with existing works.•Evaluated through experiments using two sorting networks and different parameters.
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