Student-athletes perceived physical and psychological stability is a vital source of enhanced performance and physical activity. The current study, grounded in attribution theory, examines the effect ...of student-athletes' reported mental and physical health on their perceived performance and physical activity. Additionally, a unique construct, perceived physical self-concept, is also accessed as an Intervening mechanism between the study variables. A cross-sectional field survey was undertaken of 279 student-athletes enrolled in several Indonesian universities in the Bali area. Perceived psychological and physical health were found to be positively linked with perceived performance and physical activity. Additionally, these associations were found to be mediated by perceived physical self-concept. Further, future research directions, key policy insights, and theoretical and managerial implications for sports science scholars and policymakers are suggested.
Es sabido que el envejecimiento provoca el deterioro de la condición física y sus componentes. Menores niveles de flexibilidad se asocian a una pérdida de la capacidad funcional, y la participación ...en programas de ejercicio físico supervisado podría mantener o mejorar los niveles de dicha cualidad física. En nuestro estudio, evaluamos la flexibilidad de 53 adultos mayores de 65 años (M=73,74±4,54 años) que participaban en un programa de ejercicio durante, al menos, 6 meses; utilizando los tests back scratch (TBS) y chair sit and reach (TCSAR). Al finalizar el programa, los resultados de flexibilidad resultaron estar dentro de los valores normativos de referencia; estando, en muchas ocasiones, por encima. En conclusión, mantenerse físicamente activo minimiza la pérdida de flexibilidad inherente al proceso de envejecimiento, incluso cuando la actividad física no está directamente dirigida a mejorar esa capacidad. Este hecho podría tener importantes repercusiones sobre la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response ...levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
BACKGROUND: An understanding of how motor skill performance levels relate to energy expenditure (EE) is an important, yet relatively unexplored topic that may better inform physical activity ...interventions.
AIM: This study examined the impact of motor competence (MC) on EE during the performance of object control skills in children and young adults.
METHOD: Forty-two children (Mage 8.1 years) and 40 young adults (Mage = 23.4 years) completed sessions of throwing and kicking at varying intensity intervals. Polynomial regressions with response surface analysis were conducted to analyze the impact of process- and product-oriented MC levels on EE.
RESULTS: Moderate positive associations among process-oriented motor competence levels and EE were demonstrated in all trial interval conditions with stronger associations shown for shorter trial intervals.
CONCLUSION: Individuals’ movement quality (process) demonstrated greater associations with EE than performance product (speed), especially with higher intensity skill practice. These results provide additional evidence of the positive impact that MC has on the health benefits of physical activity, specifically during participation in activities that inherently require repeated performance of object control skills.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Exercise training is an established adjuvant therapy in heart failure; however, the effects of ...high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in HFpEF are unknown. We compared the effects of HIIT vs. moderate-intensity aerobic continuous training (MI-ACT) on peak oxygen uptake (V̇o₂peak), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and endothelial function in patients with HFpEF. Nineteen patients with HFpEF (age 70 ± 8.3 yr) were randomized to either HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85-90% peak heart rate, with 3 min active recovery) or MI-ACT (30 min at 70% peak heart rate). Fifteen patients completed exercise training (HIIT: n = 9; MI-ACT: n = 6). Patients trained 3 days/wk for 4 wk. Before and after training patients underwent a treadmill test for V̇o₂peak determination, 2D-echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) for assessment of endothelial function. HIIT improved V̇o₂peak (pre = 19.2 ± 5.2 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1); post = 21.0 ± 5.2 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1); P = 0.04) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction grade (pre = 2.1 ± 0.3; post = 1.3 ± 0.7; P = 0.02), but FMD was unchanged (pre = 6.9 ± 3.7%; post = 7.0 ± 4.2%). No changes were observed following MI-ACT. A trend for reduced left atrial volume index was observed following HIIT compared with MI-ACT (-3.3 ± 6.6 vs. +5.8 ± 10.7 ml/m(2); P = 0.06). In HFpEF patients 4 wk of HIIT significantly improved V̇o₂peak and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. HIIT may provide a more robust stimulus than MI-ACT for early exercise training adaptations in HFpEF.
Abstract Background Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation increases peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2 ), which is an important predictor of mortality in cardiac patients. However, it remains unclear which ...exercise characteristics are most effective for improving peak VO2 in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Proof of concept papers comparing Aerobic Interval Training (AIT) and Moderate Continuous Training (MCT) were conducted in small sample sizes and findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of AIT and Aerobic Continuous Training (ACT) on peak VO2 , peripheral endothelial function, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life and safety, in a large multicentre study. Methods Two-hundred CAD patients (LVEF > 40%, 90% men, mean age 58.4 ± 9.1 years) were randomized to a supervised 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of three weekly sessions of either AIT (90–95% of peak heart rate (HR)) or ACT (70–75% of peak HR) on a bicycle. Primary outcome was peak VO2 ; secondary outcomes were peripheral endothelial function, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life and safety. Results Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) increased significantly in both groups (AIT 22.7 ± 17.6% versus ACT 20.3 ± 15.3%; p-time < 0.001). In addition, flow-mediated dilation (AIT +34.1% (range –69.8 to 646%) versus ACT +7.14% (range –66.7 to 503%); p-time < 0.001) quality of life and some other cardiovascular risk factors including resting diastolic blood pressure and HDL-C improved significantly after training. Improvements were equal for both training interventions. Conclusions Contrary to earlier smaller trials, we observed similar improvements in exercise capacity and peripheral endothelial function following AIT and ACT in a large population of CAD patients.
There is a well-established inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality. However, this relationship has almost exclusively been studied using estimated CRF.
This study ...aimed to assess the association of directly measured CRF, obtained using cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in apparently healthy men and women.
Participants included 4,137 self-referred apparently healthy adults (2,326 men, 1,811 women; mean age: 42.8 ± 12.2 years) who underwent CPX testing to determine baseline CRF. Participants were followed for 24.2 ± 11.7 years (1.1 to 49.3 years) for mortality. Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to determine the relationship of CRF (ml·kg-1·min-1) and CRF level (low, moderate, and high) with mortality outcomes.
During follow-up, 727 participants died (524 men, 203 women). CPX-derived CRF was inversely related to all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Low CRF was associated with higher risk for all-cause (hazard ratio HR: 1.73; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.20 to 3.50), CVD (HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.49), and cancer (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.18 to 3.36) mortality compared with high CRF. Further, each metabolic equivalent increment increase in CRF was associated with a 11.6%, 16.1%, and 14.0% reductions in all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively.
Given the prognostic ability of CPX-derived CRF for all-cause and disease-specific mortality outcomes, its use should be highly considered for apparently healthy populations as it may help to improve the efficacy of the individualized patient risk assessment and guide clinical decisions.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sex and age as moderating variables in the relationship between the frequency of physical exercise and psychological distress in Argentina. The ...multi-stage probability sample comprised a total of 5388 cases (Mage = 43.15, SD = 17.38, Minimum = 18, Maximum = 98; women = 53.7%). Descriptive and inferential analyses (Student's t test, 2, one-factor ANOVA, Pearson's r) were performed. It was found that men do more physical exercise than women and that young people exercise more than older people. Also, differences were found in the type of exercise performed depending on the participants' age and sex. It was established that exercising more frequently is associated with lower psychological distress. Finally, a moderation analysis conducted to determine whether the positive effect of physical exercise on distress varies by sex and/or age showed that benefits increase with age. Sex, however, was not found to be a moderating variable in this relationship.
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