Considering the particular and special nature of the activity of exploitation of mineral resources undertaken both underground (mines) and on the surface (ballasts/quarries), this article aims is to ...analyse the specific legal and fiscal aspects related to this activity, as well as the specific accounting procedures involved. To this end, the article summarizes the main regulatory acts governing the activity of exploration and exploitation of mineral resources from a legal and fiscal point of view. Another purpose of the paper is to provide solutions to account for the economic operations specific to these activities based on an international experience in this field.
The present article addresses the system of the Environmental Compensation Fund proposed in the “Draft Regulations on Exploitation of Mineral Resources” by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). ...According to the documents released by the ISA, the fund aims to fill the liability gap in environmental pollution events resulting from activities in the international seabed area (the Area). Previous research has discussed the liability gap and proposed some approaches as solutions, but study of the fund is still an unexplored territory because of the absence of empirical evidence. Based on an analysis of the present regulations for the Area, this work identifies the function of the fund in covering the liability gap for environmental damage caused by the exploitation of the Area and the possible defects of this system in practice, paying particular attention to the financial regulations of ISA. The following viewpoints are put forward by this study: (1) the purpose of the fund should be limited to the scope of covering the liability gap; (2) the sources of the fund should be clarified, and sources that might increase the burden of ISA administration on the member states should be excluded; and (3) the payment procedures of the fund should be refined to meet requirements, such as speedy disbursement and full damage coverage.
The article outlines the principles of design of repeated geotechnology at the development of reserves in the conditions of collapsed deposits of the Zhezkazgan field for the purpose of rational ...management of underground mining processes. This is an integral design principle of the mine technical system with repeated geotechnology, and the foundation for the practice of designing and operation of the subsoil at the development of mineral deposits. At the designing of a mine technical system with repeated geotechnology aimed at the development of collapsed subsoil reserves, the risks and natural and man-made emergencies related to the production are taken into account. Under modern conditions, mining design cannot be employed in isolation from the principles of sustainable development, which implies not only orthodox meaning but also the development that ensures society existence without threatening the needs of future generations. In this connection, the ongoing research incorporates designing of mine technical systems with due account for the principles of sustainable development, which correspond to the current priority direction related to the development of repeated geotechnology within new frames of sustainable development of repeated underground mining of reserves in the conditions of collapsed deposits of the Zhezkazgan field. This contributes to the efficient use of resource-replenishing repeated geotechnology and the possibility of the most complete development of the georesource subsoil potential due to the enhancement of the ore potential at the operation of underground mines of Kazakhmys Corporation Ltd., which is one of the largest copper mining companies in the world.
The general methodological approach to the conservation of Earth's natural biota in a developing civilization based on mineral resources of the lithosphere is substantiated. The principles of ...interaction between the technosphere and biosphere that ensure their combined development are formulated on the basis of the concept of coevolution of antagonistic systems.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between mineral resources exploitation and economic and urban development in Xinjiang. The article summarizes the mineral resource exploitation ...development of Xinjiang especially over the last 50 years, and investigates energy industries and their driving forces, directions, and economic impact on the oasis urban system evolution in Xinjiang. Methods like correlation analysis, location quotient and elastic coefficient are employed in the presentation and discussion, and also field reconnaissance surveys, interviews and secondary sources are used. The result shows Xinjiang＇s economic growth is promoted by the contributions of the increasing mineral resource industry which promotes economic development by accelerating infrastructure construction, developing industry and raising revenue and fixed investment. Mineral exploitation in recent years had profound impacts on urban development as a growth engine. The evolution of urban system has a close relationship with resource exploitation, and statistical results provide strong evidence to support the argument that mineral resource exploitation has promoted the growth of built-up areas and its expansion patterns in Xinjiang, especially regions along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.
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