The paper focuses on the use of federalism and confederalism by the ruling elites during the independence processes in America after the crisis of the Spanish monarchy in 1810. The hypothesis of this ...research is to develop a perspective of historical analysis of the relationship between federalism/confederalism and the crisis of 1810 that allows studying the emergence of the American independence processes. To this aim, the paper applies the method of qualitative analysis of ideas considering the methodology of intellectual history. The objectives are to explain the reasons why the formation of one or several American confederations was proposed as a possible solution to the crisis; why they were considered an option of political organization to preserve the Monarchy; to analyze the ideas of Hispanic federation born from the discussion on the decline of empires in the 18th century; to show the diversity of federal expressions that developed throughout the 1810s.
El artigo presenta resultados parciales de una pesquisa comparativa que tiene como objetivo discutir sobre el federalismo como forma de organización del Estado y sus consecuencias para la ...organización del financiamiento de la educación básica en la Argentina y Brasil. Fue utilizada la metodología de análisis documental en especial a los documentos legales que organizan y regulan las relaciones federativas en la educación y en el financiamiento de la educación en los dos países. Como principales resultados se percibió que la oferta y el financiamiento de la educación básica están descentralizados y a cargo de los entes subnacionales, aunque existan mecanismos de actuación del ente nacional en el financiamiento de la educación, sea repartiendo ingresos de impuestos o complementando el financiamiento cuando necesario.
Nicholas Aroney and John Kincaid (eds), Courts in Federal countries. Federalists or Unitarists? (Toronto Buffalo London, University of Toronto Press 2017) 583 p., ISBN 978-1-48-750062-7
The article justifies the need for a historical-state study approach by analyzing the models of federalism inherent in different countries. The structural elements of any model include the ...prerequisites and reasons that contributed to federalization, essential characteristics of federalism (including the genesis characteristics, historical typology, development vector), the main stages of the federalism development. Using the systemic and comparative methods, as well as the example of three first settlement models inherent in the USA, Canada, Australia, one European (German) and Russian models, the author shows and explains the features of federalism in these countries. In particular, there are more favorable conditions for the formation of federations in the first settlement societies and the well-known difficulties of their establishment in Europe (on the example of Germany). The article demonstrates the ideologically innovative nature of Soviet federalism and the rational construction of Russian (post-Soviet) federalism, which has not abandoned a high degree of centralization. The materials presented in the article allow not only to outline new features of the state structure of federalism, but also contribute to the development of the concept for reforming federative relationships
Se considera el modelo autonómico español comparándolo con el modelo brasileño de federación. Se presentan las características de dos sistemas mediante la evaluación de la capacidad real de ...center-constraining de sus instituciones, considerando tanto la dimensión de la estructura institucional como la dimensión del proceso político. Se pretende evaluar la adecuación de sus instituciones y procesos políticos a los requisitos comúnmente pensados necesarios para configurar una federación. En el caso español, las relaciones inter-gubernamentales están menos definidas por una estructura institucional dada que por un proceso político de carácter altamente centrífugo, fundamentado en características sociales con división de identidades etno-culturales múltiples. En el caso brasileño, la distribución territorial del poder está mejor equilibrada, en parte por tener como substrato una identidad nacional consolidada.
Impact of uncertain formulation and application of Kable on Australia's federal system and democratic protection of rights - states' law and order responses to organised crime - constitutional limits ...of states' courts position within federal judicial structure in ch III - conceptual incompatibility between Kable principle and federalism - harmonisation effect - uncertainty of Kable creates danger of 'buck-passing' by parliamentarians to the courts.
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