The overexpression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the colonic mucosa destroys the mucosa and its barrier, accelerating the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The ...elimination of RONS from the inflammatory colon has proven effective in alleviating IBD. Although many nanoantioxidants have been developed, preparing robust and efficient nano-antioxidants remains challenging. Herein, by modifying bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanodiscs with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a multifunctional nanozyme based on 2D nanomaterials was developed for the treatment of IBD. By eliminating multiple RONS, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (O2−•), nitric oxide (NO), and Bi2Se3 nanodiscs enhanced cellular survival after H2O2 stimulation. As evidenced by colonic injury, reduced body weight, spleen index, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice, RONS clearance alleviated intestinal inflammation in a prevention and delay model of acute colitis. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing reveals that Bi2Se3 nanodiscs had the potential to regulate intestinal flora, increase the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, inhibit Proteobacteria bacteria, and restore intestinal homeostasis. This study highlights the use of Bi2Se3 nanodiscs with excellent biocompatibility, multienzyme functionality, and RONS scavenging ability as treatments for IBD without apparent adverse effects.
RONS were efficiently scavenged by Bi2Se3 nanodiscs.
Bi2Se3 nanodiscs could be as a promising and potentially safe theraeputic agent for IBD.
The gut microbiota could be modulated by Bi2Se3 nanodiscs.
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•The sand bath based method was developed for the large scale synthesis of carbon dots from Biowaste.•The established method was facile, eco-friendly, economical.•They are potential ...to serve as an antioxidant with EC50 (4.7382 μg ml−1).•FA-CDs exhibited significant photostability.•The Carbon dotswere successfully used for multiple fluorescence imaging of cells.
A sand bath assisted strategy for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) using citrus fruit peels as a renewable green resource is reported in this work. The CDs were synthesized without any alkaline or acidic environment. The synthesized CDs were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. The CDs exhibited excellent water solubility and superior optical properties like excitation dependent emission, and multicolor fluorescence. In addition, the CDs have exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging activity (EC50: 4.7382 μg ml−1).The CDs were highly biocompatible and showed lower toxicity. The CDs when modified with folic acid have shown a significant potential as biological labels for cellular imaging at multiple excitations. Synthesis of CDs from natural fruit peels as an excellent carbon source for versatile applications has been demonstrated.
Copper nanoparticles are explored significantly for their antimicrobial activity, especially for antibiotic-resistant strain infections. However, copper has severe toxic responses and mostly it is ...due to its generation capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules while interacting with in vitro or in vivo systems. In the current study, wire shaped copper nanostructures were synthesized via microwave irradiation with single step doping of carbon nanodots (CDs). The synthesized material (CuCs) was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD, DLS, and XPS. The fluorescence spectroscopy, microscopy and Raman spectroscopy results suggested CuCs to work well as a bi-modal imaging nanoprobe (fluorescence/SERS). The cell culture studies prove significant cytocompatibility and ROS scavenging property of the samples with respect to control. Further, CuCs-gelatin nanocomposite thin films were prepared and implanted into rodent deep wound model. The histological study has showed enhanced angiogenesis in the subcutaneous region. The results were validated by immuno-histochemistry. The ROS scavenging and enhanced angiogenesis were validated via gene expression studies and a HIF-α induced enhanced angiogenesis mechanism was also proposed for better wound healing.
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•Carbon dot doped copper nanowires were synthesized in a microwave assisted wet-chemical hydrothermal route.•The nanowires were explored as dual mode imaging probe (fluorescence and SERS).•Copper nanostructures were observed to have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli•The nanowires were incorporated in gelatin nanocomposites for deep wound implantations to show enhanced angiogenic activity.
Solvent effects on the activities of aryloxyl‐radical (aroxyl‐radical) scavenging and singlet‐oxygen (1O2) quenching reactions by vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) were studied with stopped‐flow and laser ...spectroscopies together with density functional calculations. Partial electron transfer from α‐tocopherol plays an important role in an early step of each of these antioxidant reactions. To shed light on the solvent effects, we used ethanol as the reference solvent and added water to it. The rate constant of the aryloxyl‐radical scavenging reaction by α‐tocopherol increased monotonously by adding water to the ethanol solution, because the oxidation potential of α‐tocopherol decreases as water is added. Although the rate constant of the 1O2 quenching reaction similarly increased with increasing water concentration from 0% to 10% v/v, it reached a maximum at about 10% v/v and decreased in the range 10%–20% v/v. The suppression of the 1O2 quenching in the 10%–20% v/v range could be attributed to complexes forming between 1O2 and the water molecules. On the basis of the present results, we inferred how the antioxidant activities of α‐tocopherol depend on its position in biomembranes.
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•ASE and PSE possess abundance of phenolic compounds.•Phenolics in ASE and PSE exhibit excellent radical scavenging activities (RSAs).•Phenolic compounds in ASE and PSE impeded ...HCAs.•The RSAs and HCAs inhibition of single phenolic compounds were highly correlated.•The RSAs and HCAs inhibition of mixed phenolic compounds were poorly correlated.
The effect of different levels of allspice and perilla frutescens seed extract (ASE and PSE) on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in pan-fried chicken meat patties and the bioactive components found in ASE and PSE that contribute to the mitigation of HCAs were investigated in this study. DPPH radical scavenging activity was evaluated and the results indicated that APSE (ASE + PSE) showed the highest capacity to scavenge free radicals, and the most effective inhibition of HCAs formation. Furthermore, Single and mixed phenolic compounds exhibited a positive effect in scavenging free radicals and mitigating HCAs. The radical scavenging activity and HCAs inhibition effect of single phenolic compounds were highly correlated, whereas mixed phenolic compounds exhibited poor correlation. PCA analysis indicated that phenolic compounds had the maximum inhibitory effect on IQ, followed by Norharman and harman and the minimal effect on PhIP and 7,8-DiMeIQx.
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•PRP/chitosan/chondroitin sulfate immunomodulatory hydrogels are constructed.•The hydrogel has hemostatic and free radical scavenging effects.•Oxidative stress is reduced to enhance ...endothelial cell movement and tube formation.•Enhanced M2 macrophage polarization is realized via NF-κB pathway regulation.•Enhanced expression of key angiogenic factors promotes angiogenesis.
Diabetic wound healing encounters numerous challenges including bacterial infection, macrophage dysfunction, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress, causing delays in the overlapping processes of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling and thus imposing a high burden on patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has demonstrated significant potential for diabetic wound treatment by promoting granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, immunomodulatory hydrogel co-networks based on PRP, with strong hemostatic, antibacterial, and free radical scavenging effects, are developed for diabetic wound treatment. In vitro and in vivo, the hydrogels can reduce endothelial cell apoptosis and promote tube formation by regulating the oxidative stress microenvironment. For anti-inflammatory and tissue repair, the hydrogels can facilitate the M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting phosphorylation of p-IκBα and p-P65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Through increasing the expression of key angiogenic factors (HIF-1α, VEGF, and FGF2), the hydrogels can significantly promote angiogenesis and the formation of endothelial cell tubular structures. These findings offer new insight into the synergistic regulatory contributions of the PRP-based therapy throughout multiple stages of healing, thereby establishing a biomolecular and cellular foundation for advanced diabetic wound management.
The exploration of an old drug for new biomedical applications has an absolute predominance in shortening the clinical conversion time of drugs for clinical application. In this work, carbon ...nanoparticles suspension injection (CNSI), the first clinically approved carbon nanoparticles in China, is explored as a new nano‐radioprotective agent for potent intestinal radioprotection. CNSI shows powerful radioprotective performance in the intestine under oral administration, including efficient free radical scavenging ability, good biosafety, high chemical stability, and relatively long retention time. For example, CNSI shows high reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities, which effectively alleviates the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA double‐strand breaks to protect the cells against radiation‐induced damage. Most importantly, this efficient ROS scavenging ability greatly helps restrain the apoptosis of the small intestinal epithelial and crypt stem cells, which decreases the damage of the mechanical barrier and thus relieves radiation enteritis. Moreover, CNSI helps remove the free radicals in the intestinal microenvironment and thus maintain the balance of intestinal flora so as to mitigate the radiation enteritis. The finding suggests a new application of clinically approved carbon nanoparticles, which not only promotes the development of new intestinal radioprotector, but also has a great potential for clinical transformation.
The China Food and Drug Administration approved carbon nanoparticles exhibit good performance in intestinal radioprotection including effective free radical scavenging, high chemical stability, long retention time, and excellent biosafety in the intestine, which protects the crypt cells and maintains the balance of intestinal flora so as to alleviate the symptoms of radiation enteritis.
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) also known as black gold is one of the most traded spices in the world. Recent instances have reflected increased numbers of export rejections due to the presence of ...Escherichia coli, Salmonella and a high load of microbes. This study presents the potential of a novel combination of microwave-vacuum–steam treatment that is capable of bringing down the high microbial load in the product at relatively low temperatures. The treatment has resulted in 7.59 log reduction for E. coli, 9.25 log reduction in Salmonella and around 3.28 log reduction in total mesophilic plate count. The optimized condition was found to be 4.19 W/g MW power density, 3 s steam time and 134 s process time. The process optimized and developed in this study with low microwave power density has the potential to be used industrially for bulk decontamination of spices.
•The potential of the novel combination of microwave steam vacuum for decontamination was evaluated.•More than 7 log reductions in E. coli and Salmonella were obtained.•In total mesophilic plate count, 3.28 log reduction was obtained.
Winata GM, Hardinsyah H, Marliyati SA, Rimbawan R, Andrianto D. 2024. Phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extracts using different solvents. Biodiversitas ...25: 942-949. Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) leaves are popularly consumed as a green vegetable by Eastern Indonesians. This work aimed to carry out the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of five extracts, i.e., water, 70% ethanol, absolute ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane of Abelmoschus manihot leaf. Qualitative analysis was done as a preliminary screening for flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid, and quinone. Quantitative analysis determined the flavonoid, phenolic, tannin, quercetin, and steroid content. In-vitro antioxidant analysis was conducted to determine free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The results showed that flavonoid was only found in 70% ethanol extract; steroid was obtained in all extracts, while alkaloid, saponin, tannin, quinone, and triterpenoid were absent in all extracts. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the highest flavonoid was in 70% ethanol extract (39.2 mg GAE/g), phenolic in ethyl acetate extract (34.792 mg QE/g), tannin in 70% ethanol (1.395 mg/g), quercetin in absolute ethanol extract (0.246 mg/g), and steroid content in hexane extract (201.948 mg/g). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each extract to inhibit malondialdehyde (MDA) formation was lower than free radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of MDA formation in absolute ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.77 ppm and 7.67 ppm, respectively. The IC50 of vitamin E was 3.67 ppm. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extracts as antioxidants used as a functional food.
