Editorial: Securing Academic Freedom through Networks Boele‐Woelki, Katharina; Fisher, Cathleen; Pape, Hans‐Christian ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
June 17, 2019, Volume:
58, Issue:
25
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
“Academic freedom does not exist for its own sake. Its foundational purpose is to create an environment of openness to advance inquiry in the interest of seeking truth, to support, facilitate, and ...enable the best minds of our time, and to train the next generation of young researchers to fulfill their roles in society …” Read more in the Guest Editorial by Joseph S. Francisco et al.
This paper presents a new control method to suppress current harmonics for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) that is applied in the miniature microsecond laser cutting system. In the ...control method, the resonant-two-degree-of-freedom (R-2DOF) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed by combining a resonant controller and a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) PID controller. The current harmonic components are first analyzed. The resonant controller is subsequently added to the current loop in parallel to the traditional PI controller to suppress the current harmonic components. However, with the current harmonics suppression, the resonant controller can result in the overshoot in the current loop response. The 2DOF PID controller is adopted to reduce the overshoot. Thus, an R-2DOF PID controller is developed by combining the resonant controller and 2DOF PID controller. Meanwhile, the stability of the proposed controller is analyzed. Compared with the traditional PID controller and the Kalman filter, the proposed controller not only can suppress the current harmonics but can reduce the overshoot and thrust ripple as well. Finally, the simulation and experimental comparison results confirm the validity of the proposed control algorithm.
This article analyses the state of democracy in 2020. The world is still more democratic than it was in the 1970s and 1980s, but a trend of autocratization is ongoing and affecting 25 countries in ...2020, home to 34% of the world’s population. At the same time, the number of democratizing countries has dwindled by nearly half, reducing to 16 countries, home to a mere 4% of the global population. Freedom of expression, deliberation, rule of law and elections show the most substantial net declines in the last decade. A major change is that India, formerly the world’s largest democracy, turned into an electoral autocracy. The V-Dem data suggests that direct effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on levels of liberal democracy were limited in 2020. Still, the longer-term consequences may be worse and must be monitored closely. Due to the pandemic and state restrictions on the freedom of assembly, mass mobilization declined to its lowest level in over a decade, yet the decline in pro-democracy protests in 2020 may well prove to be short-lived once the pandemic subdues.
How do we judge whether we should be willing to follow the views of experts or whether we ought to try to come to our own, independent views? This book seeks the answer in medieval philosophical ...thought.In this engaging study into the history of philosophy and epistemology, Peter Adamson provides an answer to a question as relevant today as it was in the medieval period: how and when should we turn to the authoritative expertise of other people in forming our own beliefs? He challenges us to reconsider our approach to this question through a constructive recovery of the intellectual and cultural traditions of the Islamic world, the Byzantine Empire, and Latin Christendom.Adamson begins by foregrounding the distinction in Islamic philosophy between taqlid, or the uncritical acceptance of authority, and ijtihad, or judgment based on independent effort, the latter of which was particularly prized in Islamic law, theology, and philosophy during the medieval period. He then demonstrates how the Islamic tradition paves the way for the development of what he calls a "justified taqlid," according to which one develops the skills necessary to critically and selectively follow an authority based on their reliability. The book proceeds to reconfigure our understanding of the relation between authority and independent thought in the medieval world by illuminating how women found spaces to assert their own intellectual authority, how medieval writers evaluated the authoritative status of Plato and Aristotle, and how independent reasoning was deployed to defend one Abrahamic faith against the other. This clear and eloquently written book will interest scholars in and enthusiasts of medieval philosophy, Islamic studies, Byzantine studies, and the history of thought.
A pH‐responsive interlocked figure‐of‐eight molecular shuttle is reported by Frédéric Coutrot et al. in their Communication ( e202310643). The rotaxane molecular shuttle operates through the ...invertible pH‐responsive translation of the macrocycle between two sites of interactions of the encircled axle. As illustrated by the picture, the two loops of the eight‐shaped rotaxane may be interdependently loosened and tightened. Increasing conformational degree of freedom of a loop results in the decreasing conformational degree of freedom of the other one.
In the United States, elements of the religious right fuel fears of an existential Islamic threat, spreading anti-Muslim rhetoric into mainstream politics. In Indonesia, Muslim absolutists urge ...suppression of churches and minority sects, fostering a climate of rising intolerance. In India, Narendra Modi’s radical supporters instigate communal riots and academic censorship in pursuit of their Hindu nationalist vision. Outbreaks of religious intolerance are usually assumed to be visceral and spontaneous. But in Hate Spin, Cherian George shows that they often involve sophisticated campaigns manufactured by political opportunists to mobilize supporters and marginalize opponents. Right-wing networks orchestrate the giving of offense and the taking of offense as instruments of identity politics, exploiting democratic space to promote agendas that undermine democratic values.
George calls this strategy “hate spin”—a double-sided technique that combines hate speech (incitement through vilification) with manufactured offense-taking (the performing of righteous indignation). It is deployed in societies as diverse as Buddhist Myanmar and Orthodox Christian Russia. George looks at the world’s three largest democracies, where intolerant groups within India’s Hindu right, America’s Christian right, and Indonesia’s Muslim right are all accomplished users of hate spin. He also shows how the Internet and Google have opened up new opportunities for cross-border hate spin.
George argues that governments must protect vulnerable communities by prohibiting calls to action that lead directly to discrimination and violence. But laws that try to protect believers’ feelings against all provocative expression invariably backfire. They arm hate spin agents’ offense-taking campaigns with legal ammunition. Anti-discrimination laws and a commitment to religious equality will protect communities more meaningfully than misguided attempts to insulate them from insult.
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