•A simulation model for fruit paper bag opening process was constructed.•Influence factors for opening fruit paper bag were studied through simulation.•Results of laboratory experiment proved the ...simulation method is effective.•Simulation method is helpful for application of the developed supplying device.
An ordinary fruit paper bag supplying device used for fruit bagging has been designed and preliminarily tested in our previous study. How to open the ordinary multilayer fruit paper bag fully without damage is a concerning problem for the supplying device. The fruit paper bag is extended by the open mechanism of the supplying device in the opening process. Research of contact action effects of rigid open mechanism on the flexible ordinary multilayer fruit paper bag is necessary and has not been reported to date. Based on kinematic analysis of the open mechanism, the slider stoke and slider speed were determined as important influence factors for the bag open effects. Mechanical characteristic parameters of a typical ordinary double-layer fruit paper bag were measured. A rigid-flexible coupled dynamic simulation model consist of rigid open mechanism and flexible double-layer fruit paper bag was constructed. Both simulation and experimental results indicated slider stroke of the open mechanism was an extremely important influence factor for equivalent stress distribution, overall deformation and opened size of the fruit paper bag. Larger slider stroke would cause high rate of broken bag. With increase of slider speed, there was no big difference of the maximum equivalent stress, deformation and opened size of the fruit paper bag. Larger slider speed was positive for bag opening efficiency. Simulation and experiment methods used in the study is helpful for improving application effects of the developed supplying device.
Present study aimed to investigate the effect of preharvest bagging and bag colour on physico-chemical, nutraceutical quality and consumer acceptability of pomegranate arils. Fruits of 10-years-old ...Kandhari variety were covered with 15 × 20 cm three colored single layer cellulosic bags (35 µm thickness, 2700 cm
3
24 h
−1
GTR, WVTR 28.60 cm
3
24 h
−1
) 60 days after flowering. Fruits were harvested 150 days after anthesis (average TSS 13° brix) and fruits were taken to various physical-biochemical parameters. Red colored bagging minimized fruit cracking (66%) and bacterial blight incidence (78%) over control. Ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content was found maximum with red colour bagged (18.20 ± 0.87 mg 100 g
−1
FW; 73.03 ± 3.97 mg 100 g
−1
FW) fruits, while total soluble solids, total sugars and total antioxidant capacity were maximum in control fruits. Total phenols were found maximum in fruits which were bagged with blue colour bags (32.12 ± 1.53 mg GAE 100 g
−1
FW). Respiration rate was recorded maximum in the red colored bags (17.93 ± 0.22 mL kg
−1
h
−1
) followed by white, blue and control fruits. Overall acceptability was recorded maximum in the fruits which were covered with red colour bags (8.67) whereas sweetness was reported maximum in control fruits (8.30). For harnessing the benefit of bagging in pomegranate, fruit should be bagged 60 days after flowering with red color cellulosic bags. Red color cellulosic bags are much effective in producing quality fruits except compromising on few quality traits like aril Ca and total phenols content.
•The bagging technique shown influence in the size and shape of the pomegranate fruits.•TSS, MI, glucose, α punicalagin, α + β punicalagin, and ellagic acid was affected by bagging.•pH, TA, ABTS, ...DPPH, FRAP, TP, fructose, organic acids, β punicalagin and anthocyanins were not influenced.•It can be said that bagging can improve fruit quality by reducing external damage.
The pomegranate tree is cultivated and its fruits consumed since ancient times. This tree is typical of the Mediterranean climate, with high thermal demands to mature properly. The main objective of this work was to study the influence of the fruit bagging technique on the morphometric and biochemical characteristics of the pomegranate fruits of two new varieties that are currently cultivated in the Southeast of Spain. The results indicated that the fruit bagging presented a significant effect on the weight, equatorial diameter, height and shape of the fruit, however, it did not show any influence on the peel thickness. No significant differences have been observed in the number of healthy fruits with and without bagging, however, the number of cracked fruits with Cryptoblabes gnidiella damage was higher for the non-bagged fruits. The fruit bagging presented a significant effect on the total soluble solids, maturity index, glucose, α-punicalagin, α + β-punicalagin and ellagic acid, but it did not show influence on pH, acidity, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, total phenols, fructose, citric, malic, and quinic acid, β-punicalagin and anthocyanins. The internal fruit color was not affected by the bagging, although it did affect the external color of the fruit, and unevenly depending on the variety. Based on the results, it can be said that bagging can improve the quality of the fruit by reducing damage from pests and pathophysiology, and this benefit compensates or even exceeds the negative effects of bagging on peel color.
Abstract
Fruit bagging is a commonly used cultivation measure to protect citrus fruit from insects and adverse environments. The present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of ...bagging on the physiochemical characteristics of grapefruit. The grapefruit were bagged at approximately 110–120 d after anthesis with a one-layer kraft paper bag with black coating inside (SL), a double-layer kraft paper bag with one black paper as the inner layer (DL), and a three-layer kraft paper bag with two black papers as inner layers (TL), respectively. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) technique was used to identify a total of 19 flavonoids, 2 phenylpropanoids, 9 coumarins, and 5 limonoids. By using UPLC, 50 carotenoids were identified. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to identify 3 soluble sugars, 3 organic acids, and 11 amino acids. In the quantitated components in the peel (albedo and flavedo), the chlorophylls and the carotenoids components (such as luteoxanthin, violaxanthin, 9-cis-violaxanthin, xanthophyll, zeaxanthin and β-carotene) were significantly downregulated by bagging, causing the surface color of bagged fruit to turn yellow earlier but paler than that of the unbagged control, particularly in the three-layer kraft bag treatment. Unlike the peel, the color and the carotenoid content of the juice sacs were less affected. The physiochemical compounds other than pigments, including soluble sugars, organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, coumarins and limonoids, were minimally affected by bagging treatments. Our results indicated that bagging at approximately 110–120 d after anthesis exerted influence mainly on peel color, but less on sugars, acids, amino acids, flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins of grapefruit.
A common modern cultivation practice is bagging the fruit bunch if date palm (
Phoenix dactylifera
L.) which may influence fruit maturity and nutraceutical quality. Exposure of fruits to ...photooxidative stress induces changes in the endogenous concentrations of plant hormones and other metabolites, which may cause accelerated fruit maturity. This study was conducted to examine the effect of exposure to direct and indirect sunlight on date palm fruit development. The indirect sunlight treatment was simulated by fruit bunch bagging, a common practice in modern date production. The exposure of date palm fruits to direct sunlight-induced photooxidative stress causing an increased concentration of ascorbic acid and decreased content of chlorophyll, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenols compared to the fruit bagging treatment. Direct sunlight also reduced the concentration of phytohormones, including indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin, but increased abscisic acid accumulation. The directly-exposed fruits reached a partially-mature stage (
Rutab
) in August, whereas the bagged fruits remained at the immature stage (
Khalal
). This study is the first to describe the biochemical basis of the observed improvement of date palm fruit development in response to reduced light intensity. Besides, it provides insights into controlling date palm fruit maturity and subsequently prolonging the shelf life dates on the tree; thus, extending the marketing period for the benefit of the farmers.
Freshly consumed peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch) can cause allergic reactions in the worldwide population because of the presence of four classes of allergens (Pru p 1, Pru p 2, Pru p 3, and Pru p ...4). Fruit bagging has been widely practiced in peach cultivation to improve fruit quality; however, its effect on the expression of peach allergen-encoding genes remains unknown. In this study, the influence of fruit bagging with opaque paper bags on the major peach allergen-encoding genes, including Pru p 1.01, Pru p 1.06B, Pru p 2.01B, Pru p 2.02, Pru p 3.01, Pru p 4.01, and Pru p 4.02, were measured by means of real-time PCR. A significant reduction in transcript accumulation was observed for all of the selected genes in the epicarps of the bagged peach fruits, whereas slight increases were observed in the mesocarps for these genes, with the two exceptions of Pru p 2.02 and Pru p 3.01. For most of these genes, much higher transcripts were determined in the epicarps than in the mesocarps. Taken together, a significant reduction in the transcription rate of the allergen-encoding genes in the whole peach fruit was achieved by shading with opaque paper bags. According to these data, modifications in growing practices of peach may help to obtain fruits with lower levels of allergens and thus contribute to reducing potential allergenic risks in consumers.
Guava fruit is a very nutritious and fairly rich source of minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber thus medicinally rich to cure stomach-related problems. Thus it's a need of hour to produce quality ...fruits without any internal or external defects or disorders as well as fruits should be free from chemical residues. The problem to produce the desired quality of fruits can be overcome by the use of pre-harvest bagging technology. Thus an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different bagging materials on fruit appearance and quality. The findings revealed that the maximum increase in fruit mass (36.38%), fruit length (20.64%), fruit grade (30.23%), ascorbic acid content (7.36%) and TSS (48.65%) were observed as compared to the control in perforated polythene bags bagged at 30 days after fruit set (PEBD2), newspaper bagged at 30 days after fruit set (NPBD2), perforated polythene bagged at 15 days after fruit set (PEBD1) and butter paper bagged at 15 days after fruit set (BPBD1), respectively, whereas maximum reduction in fruit scar (93.78) recorded in newspaper bagged at 15 days after fruit set (NPBD1). Findings indicated that physio-chemical attributes of bagged fruits positively altered with no scar on fruit skin and without pest infestation thus ensuring better fruit quality, optimum production and consumer acceptance. Thus, bagging is cost-effective technology, warrants physiologically improved quality fruit production with consumer satisfaction.
Preharvest bagging is a key agricultural technology in the process of the growth and development of young fruits. It can effectively improve the appearance quality of fruits, reduce pesticide ...residues on the surface of fruits and prevent pests and birds from harming fruits. China is one of the world’s major fruit producers. It is also the country that uses the most fruit cultivating bags. At present, the fruit cultivating bags used in Chinese orchards are mostly paper. Ways to recycle and reuse the waste fruit cultivating bags should be paid attention to. Therefore, this paper comprehensively uses the methods of data analysis and literature research to summarize and analyze. The data mainly comes from the China Rural Statistical Yearbook, a national public service platform for standard information, China’s national knowledge internet and the web of science. The topics discussed include the current situation of fruit production in China, the overview of fruit bagging technology, the production and use of fruit cultivating bags and the recycling strategy of waste fruit cultivating bags. It is hoped that this study can provide some references to the development of fruit bagging technology and the resource reuse and recycling of waste fruit cultivating bags in China and the world in the future.
The effect of polybagging of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits was evaluated at different stages of fruit development (35, 45, 55 and 65 days after fruit set). Fruits were harvested at different ...stages of maturity (75, 85 and 90 days after fruit set) and allowed to ripen at room temperature (34-36°C, RH 85-90%). The use of bagging at different stages of fruit development improved the appearance of fruit, fruit weight and size through other effects such as increased relative humidity and a consequently reduced fruit water loss. The maturity of fruits, at all stages of fruit harvest, was delayed with increasing bagging duration. Early bagging of fruit (35 days after fruit set) delayed the development of ripening characteristics in comparison to delayed bagging and unbagged control fruit, which ripened earliest. This was clearly evident from the carotene content in the mango flesh, at the different stages of harvest and of ripening fruit, which was the result of higher temperature inside the bags. In bagged fruits usually day/night temperature fluctuations were reduced and there was a cut off in the temperature curve inside the bag. The total soluble solids and sugar content were higher and titratable acid content was always less in unbagged fruit at all stages of fruit harvest and fruit ripening. Mineral elements were also affected by the number of days of bagging. The reduced Ca concentration in long-duration bagging (early bagging) might be due to increased RH around the fruits. Fruits bagged for 55 days recorded an increased content of N, P, Zn, Mn and Fe while fruit calcium concentration was reduced by bagging for 55 days. Anthracnose and stem-end-rot (SER) caused by Colletotrichum and Diplodia spp. Respectively were reduced by bagging in both years through a reduction in contact between disease propagules and fruits. These results indicate that bagging can improve fruit quality by reducing disease, lead to a better appearance of fruit and increase fruit weight and size.
PDF
