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•Developed a novel dispersive solid phase filtration extraction pretreatment technique.•A large particle size of ZIF-8@SiO2 was prepared as the adsorbent.•Rapidly and accurately ...analysis of seaweed polysaccharides in undaria pinnatifida.
Laminarin and fucoidan belong to seaweed polysaccharides, which are abundant in kelp, such as undaria pinnatifida, and have a variety of beneficial pharmacological activities. This study developed a dispersive solid-phase filter extraction (DSPFE) method by combining the high mass transfer efficiency of traditional dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) with the timesaving and convenient advantages of filter solid-phase extraction (FSPE). Although the surface interactions enable ZIF-8 to separate large molecules, the small particle size of ZIF-8 generates ultrahigh pressures during solid-phase extraction (SPE). Hence, a large particle size of ZIF-8@SiO2 can be obtained by growing ZIF-8 on SiO2. Using ZIF-8@SiO2 as the adsorbent for DSPFE combined with high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), the conditions of vortex-assisted DSPFE were optimized to realize the economic (adsorbent amount: 5 mg), rapid (extraction time: 10 min), and efficient (recovery: 88.5–91.1%) extraction and analysis of laminarin and fucoidan in undaria pinnatifida. The adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm (R2 ≥ 0.9792) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.9870). The proposed method showed good linearity (0.01–2 mg/mL, R2 ≥ 0.9990), limit of detection (0.027–0.114 mg/mL), limit of quantitation (0.089–0.379 mg/mL), accuracy (93.4–104.7%), and precision (2.2–5.6%).
Low molecular weight fucoidan extract (LMF), prepared by an abalone glycosidase digestion of a crude fucoidan extracted from
Kylin, exhibits various biological activities, including anticancer ...effect. Various cancers express programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is known to play a significant role in evasion of the host immune surveillance system. PD-L1 is also expressed in many types of normal cells for self-protection. Previous research has revealed that selective inhibition of PD-L1 expressed in cancer cells is critical for successful cancer eradication. In the present study, we analyzed whether LMF could regulate PD-L1 expression in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Our results demonstrated that LMF suppressed PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and the growth of HT1080 cancer cells and had no effect on the growth of normal TIG-1 cells. Thus, LMF differentially regulates PD-L1 expression in normal and cancer cells and could serve as an alternative complementary agent for treatment of cancers with high PD-L1 expression.
Malignant glioma (MG) is a poor prognostic brain tumor with inevitable recurrence after multimodality treatment. Searching for more effective treatment is urgently needed. Differentiation induction ...via epigenetic modification has been proposed as a potential anticancer strategy. Natural products are known as fruitful sources of epigenetic modifiers with wide safety margins. We thus explored the effects of oligo-fucoidan (OF) from brown seaweed on this notion in MG cells including Grade III U87MG cells and Grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)8401 cells and compared to the immortalized astrocyte SVGp12 cells. The results showed that OF markedly suppress the proliferation of MG cells and only slightly affected that of SVGp12 cells. OF inhibited the protein expressions of DNA methyltransferases 1, 3A and 3B (DNMT1, 3A and 3B) accompanied with obvious mRNA induction of differentiation markers (
,
,
,
,
and
) both in U87MG and GBM8401 cells. Accordingly, the methylation of
, a DNMT3B target gene, was decreased by OF. In combination with the clinical DNMT inhibitor decitabine, OF could synergize the growth inhibition and
induction in U87MG cells. Appropriated clinical trials are warranted to evaluate this potential complementary approach for MG therapy after confirmation of the effects in vivo.
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•Cold-water extraction generates high-MW fucoidan with unique composition.•Arabinose was only identified in cold water extract from H. fusiformis (HF-C).•HF-C inhibits inflammatory ...glycolysis and enhances oxidative phosphorylation.•HF-C inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines and GLUT1.•Anti-colitis effect of HF-C was better than that of sulfasalazine, an IBD drug.
Obtaining extracts rich in pharmacological components from edible brown seaweeds is essential for their use as functional foods or therapeutic supplements. The present study demonstrated that the cold-water extract of Hizikia fusiformis (HF-C) with a unique composition, unlike hot-water (HF-H) or acid (HF-A) extracts, inhibited NF-κB activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and glucose transporter expression, and inflammatory glycolysis more than HF-H or HF-A did. Oral administration of HF-C significantly inhibited dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mouse, as evidenced by a decrease in disease activity index and inflammatory cytokine expression, and recovered colonic tissue E-cadherin expression and body weight. Notably, the anti-colitis effect of HF-C was greater than sulfasalazine, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) drug. Taken together, the higher anti-inflammatory action of HF-C was due to the different composition of fucoidan compared to the other extracts. Consequently, the results suggest that HF-C may be a therapeutic adjunct to the treatment of IBD.
We investigated the effect of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, on acceleration of healing of experimental cartilage injury in a rabbit model. An injured cartilage model was surgically created by ...introduction of three holes, one in the articular cartilage of the medial trochlea and two in the trochlear sulcus of the distal femur. Rabbits in three experimental groups (F groups) were orally administered fucoidan of seven different molecular weights (8, 50, 146, 239, 330, 400, or 1000 kD) for 3 weeks by screening. Control (C group) rabbits were provided water ad libitum. After the experimental period, macroscopic examination showed that the degree of filling in the fucoidan group was higher than that in the C group. Histologically, the holes were filled by collagen fiber and fibroblasts in the C group, and by chondroblasts and fibroblasts in the F groups. Image analysis of Alcian blue- and safranin O-stained F-group specimens showed increased production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs), respectively. Some injured holes were well repaired both macroscopically and microscopically and were filled with cartilage tissues; cartilage matrices such as PGs and GAGs were produced in groups F 50, F 146, and F 239. Thus, fucoidan administration enhanced morphologically healing of cartilage injury.
A sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Ishige okamurae Yendo, designated IOY, was successfully isolated by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses ...demonstrated that IOY was a fucoidan, that consisted of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →4)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and →3)-β-d-Galp-(1 → residues with sulfate groups at C-2/C-4 the of (1 → 3)-α-l-Fucp and C-6 the of (1 → 3)-β-d-Galp residues. IOY possessed a potent immunomodulatory effect in vitro as measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The immunomodulatory effect of IOY was further investigated in vivo using immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The results showed that IOY significantly increased the spleen and thymus indexes and alleviated CTX-induced spleen and thymus damage. Furthermore, IOY had a significant effect on hematopoietic function recovery and promoted the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Notably, IOY reversed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reduction and improved immune response. These data indicated that IOY had vital in immunomodulatory function and could be used as drug or functional food to lessen chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are an important feature of bacteria in productive marine systems such as continental shelves, where phytoplankton and macroalgae produce diverse ...polysaccharides. We herein describe
62-1, a novel strain of this flavobacterial species, isolated from alginate-supplemented seawater collected at the Patagonian continental shelf.
62-1 harbors a diverse array of CAZymes in multiple polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Two PUL encoding polysaccharide lyases from families 6, 7, 12, and 17 allow substantial growth with alginate as sole carbon source, with simultaneous utilization of mannuronate and guluronate as demonstrated by HPLC. Furthermore, strain 62-1 harbors a mixed-feature PUL encoding both ulvan- and fucoidan-targeting CAZymes. Core-genome phylogeny and pangenome analysis revealed variable occurrence of these PUL in related
and
strains, indicating specialization to certain "polysaccharide niches." Furthermore, lineage- and strain-specific genomic signatures for exopolysaccharide synthesis possibly mediate distinct strategies for surface attachment and host interaction. The wide detection of CAZyme homologs in algae-derived metagenomes suggests global occurrence in algal holobionts, supported by sharing multiple adaptive features with the hydrolytic model flavobacterium
. Comparison with
sp. 76-1 isolated from the same seawater sample revealed that these co-occurring strains target similar polysaccharides but with different genomic repertoires, coincident with differing growth behavior on alginate that might mediate ecological specialization. Altogether, our study contributes to the perception of
as versatile flavobacterial polysaccharide degrader, with implications for biogeochemical cycles, niche specialization and bacteria-algae interactions in the oceans.
Bone homeostasis is regulated by constant remodeling through osteogenesis by osteoblasts and osteolysis by osteoclasts and osteoporosis can be provoked when this balance is broken. Present ...pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis have harmful side effects and thus, our goal was to develop therapeutics from intrisincally safe natural products. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide extracted from many species of brown seaweed, with valuable pharmaceutical activities. To intensify the effect of fucoidan on bone homeostasis, we hydrolyzed fucoidan using AMG, Pectinex and Viscozyme. Of these, fucoidan biotransformed by Pectinex (Fu/Pec) powerfully inhibited the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by the receptor for activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). To investigate potential of lower molecular weight fucoidan it was separated into >300 kDa, 50-300 kDa, and <50 kDa Fu/Pec fractions by ultrafiltration system. The effects of these fractions on TRAP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were then examined in differentiated osteoclasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation from BMMs but did not synergistically enhance osteoblasts differentiation induced by osteogenic agents. In addition, this fraction inhibited the expressions of NFATc1, TRAP, OSCAR, and RANK, which are all key transcriptional factors involved in osteoclast differentiation, and those of Src, c-Fos and Mitf, as determined by RT-PCR. In conclusion, enzymatically low-molecularized 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed TRAP by downregulating RANKLrelated signaling, contributing to the inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation, and represented a potential means of inducing bone remodeling in the background of osteoporosis.
Enriching foods with long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids requires a delivery emulsion system, which is both thermodynamically and oxidatively stable. The antioxidant and stabilizing properties ...of three types of polysaccharide extracts from brown algae Saccharina latissima with a mixed composition of polysaccharides (SA: 98% sodium alginate, SF: 90% alginate and 9% fucoidan, SL: 14.5% fucoidan, 9.5% laminarin, and co‐extracted nonpolysaccharides) were evaluated. SA, SF, SL, and REF (added commercial sodium alginate) showed in vitro ferrous ion chelating ability in the order: SA (99%) > SL (78%) > REF (31%) > SF (16%). The difference in antioxidant activity between SA, REF, and SF appeared related to structural differences of alginate (M/G ratio). A storage trial was conducted using 70% (w/w) fish oil‐in‐water delivery emulsions added sodium caseinate (NaCas) (0.23 wt%) as emulsifier in combination with SA, SF, SL, or commercial NaAlg (REF) in different concentrations (C1 = 0.1, C2 = 0.2, C3 = 0.3, and C4 = 0.4 wt%). A control with only NaCas was included (CON). The physical (e.g., creaming and droplet‐size distribution) and oxidative (peroxide value and volatiles) stability of the emulsions, were evaluated (12 days, dark at 20˚C). Acceptable physical stability (creaming index) was found for REF (all concentrations), SF = 0.2 wt% (C2), SL and SA = 0.3 wt% (C3) and 0.4 wt% (C4). In general, the oxidative stability decreased by adding REF, SA, and SF (except for REF at C1), as prooxidant activity was observed. However, SA showed antioxidant activity against the formation of 2‐ethylfuran. SL showed antioxidant activity in decreasing the formation of volatile compounds in emulsions when added in concentrations above 0.2 wt%.
Seaweed polyphenols and polysaccharide plays a broad range of biological activity. The objective of the present study was to study and compare the skin protection activity of fucoidan rich ...polysaccharide extract (SPS) and polyphenol-rich extract (SPP) from the seaweed Sargassum vachellianum. The skin protection activity was analyzed based on their ability to scavenge free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, UV absorption potential, tyrosinase inhibition, moisture preservation, and antibacterial activity. From the results, both SPP and SPS protects the skin from UV damage. SPP showed good free radical scavenging ability, antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S. aureus and effectively absorbed the UVB and UVA rays whereas SPS hardly absorbs the UVA and UVB rays and showed weak free radical scavenging ability and no antimicrobial activity. SPS showed considerable inhibition on tyrosinase (51.21%) and had better moisture absorption (52.1%) and retention (63.24%) abilities than SPP. The results specified that both SPS and SPP have balancing potential on skin protection and suitable combinations of both could act as an active ingredient in cosmetics.
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