Abstract
In international arbitration, treaty standards, such as fair and equitable treatment (FET), general procedural norms, such as due process, and excuses for suspension of performance, such as ...the exceptio defense, draw on general principles of international law to clarify their interpretation and application. This article will (1) show what general principles of international law are, how they form and how they are distinct from general principles in domestic, public and private law systems; (2) illustrate their role with specific attention to their unique application in different international law contexts; (3) use the examples of FET, procedural norms and suspension of performance to show how general principles of international law are used in international arbitration; (4) warn against their inattentive, sloppy or haphazard use and application; and (5) ultimately highlight the benefits of incorporating general principles in international arbitration while proposing a precise methodology for their use.
El Estatuto del Consumidor colombiano —Ley 1480 de 2011— plantea todavía grandes retos e inquietudes conceptuales y prácticas, frente a las cuales autores y jurisprudencia deben ofrecer soluciones ...que permitan una mejor comprensión del sistema. En ese contexto, y como elemento esencial para ese fin, es fundamental analizar el alcance y significado que tienen los principios del Estatuto del Consumidor que operan como herramientas ilustradoras, interpretativas e integradoras del ordenamiento de consumo. Así, el presente documento se propone estudiar la extensión y las implicaciones de los principios establecidos en el artículo 1 de la Ley 1480 de 2011, para concluir que, además de compartir la funcionalidad común que le han sido atribuidas a todos los principios de Derecho, los principios de protección al usuario se instituyen como una de las piedras angulares de lo que se viene reconociendo como Derecho del Consumo en Colombia.
Questions concerning res judicata and lis pendens in investment arbitration proceedings remain a subject of academic discussions, particularly with regard to the application of the "triple identity ...test". The necessity of a more coherent approach to the matter is a pressing issue amidst the criticisms of the investor-state arbitration system as a whole. Finding viable solutions to prevent multiple/parallel proceedings and contradicting decisions is crucial in further strengthening the rule of law in investment arbitration.
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) stipulates an obligation for states to consult persons with disabilities in the development and implementation of legislation and ...policies with respect of implementing this Convention. Consultations with persons with disabilities have not as yet become a widespread practice in national legal orders. When it comes to EU member states, for example, not all of them incorporate the said obligation in national legislation. In its Concluding Observations the CRPD Committee suggests that the obligation to consult is a cross-cutting duty covering all rights guaranteed in the UN CRPD. Eventually, the draft General Comment No. 7 to the UN CRPD has arrived at a wider interpretation of the scope of an obligation to consult. Although a much wider scope of opportunity to be consulted is provided for the indigenous peoples by the ILO Convention No. 169, it has become a matter of consideration in several cases before regional human rights organs while the convention has not got a significant number of ratifications. Provided that the UN CRPD is much more broadly ratified by the states, will the adoption of this General Comment exert influence on empowering persons with disabilities? In order to find an answer to this question, this article explores the genesis of a general legal obligation to consult persons with disabilities on a permanent basis which would be wider in scope than matters of implementing the UN CRPD in international human rights law.
In General Principles of Law in Investment Arbitration, the authors address selected general principles of law, assessing their functions in investment arbitration. The resulting picture is that of a ...lively source that escapes doctrinal straitjackets and maintains its relevance.
The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts have appeared in a small but steady trickle of investment treaty arbitrations over the last decade. This article considers the use of the ...Principles by investment tribunals on questions of both domestic law and international law. It suggests that reference to the Principles can play an important legitimating role on questions of domestic law, but that this should not replace reference to the applicable law. On questions of international law, reference to the Principles may be justified by resort to the general principles of law. However, the article contends that there is only a limited role for the UNIDROIT Principles where the primary and secondary rules of investment protection are already found in treaties and custom. In addition, while general principles have historically been drawn from domestic private law, there is increasing recognition that general principles of public law are more relevant to investment arbitration. Given this, arbitrators resolving questions of international law must be cautious in references to the UNIDROIT Principles, a quintessentially private law instrument.
El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar a la discusión jurídica mediante un análisis en el que converjan categorías normativas que permitan dialogar tanto a constitucionalistas, internacionalistas y ...teóricos del Derecho para el estudio de conceptos nucleares en la relación entre Derecho nacional y Derecho Internacional, específicamente en el rol que le corresponde desempeñar a los Principios en el Derecho Internacional y en el Derecho.
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