The conversation between Islamic and secular scholars of law has been going on for a long time. Publications in European languages are flooding the market on almost any conceivable topic related to ...Islam. Yet, there is still little evidence of a proper dialogue, but merely of an exchange of monologues. Both sides are wary of engaging in open-ended discussion. For the Muslims, the divine origins of their religion, and consequently their attitude to the foundations of law-making, would seem non-negotiable; any addition based on secular thinking is likely to be viewed as forbidden innovation and watering-down of Islam and, in extreme cases, as an attack on the very identity of Islam. The secularists will consider some core Muslim teachings as being in breach of the fundamental freedoms for which people in the 'West' have fought for generations and with great sacrifice. This article advocates the use of the maqāṣid al-shari`ah as a tool for advancing the debate.
The WTO Panel decision in United States–Section 211 Omnibus Appropriations Act 1998 provides an interesting, and as yet under-appreciated, explanation of the function of one of the most politically ...debated articles of the TRIPS Agreement—Article 7. This provision has received limited recognition from the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO. Consequently, the Panel's interpretation of Article 7 as an expression of the good faith principle is noteworthy, and is one that is not disavowed by the Appellate Body. Not only does the Panel acknowledge Article 7 as an effective source of law within the international intellectual property system, but in doing so it introduces into the TRIPS Agreement legal concepts that are not explicit within the text. This has implications for the function of this provision and also for the nature of the obligations arising under the Agreement for Member States. This article analyses the potential significance of this development by defining the scope of the good faith principle within the TRIPS Agreement. Particular reference will also be made to the role Article 7, as an expression of the good faith principle, may have in the forthcoming WTO dispute against Australia and its law on plain packaging for tobacco products.
The historical projection of the Roman-Law concept of bona fides
in European private law is evident in terms of both its subjective purpose
and its objective formulation as a general principle. Its ...historical
continuity is manifested in intermediate law through the Ius Commune by
the work of canon law specialists and commentators with the doctrinal and
jurisprudential drafting of the ius mercatorum. Another decisive boost to
its role as an integrating principle of the legal system came with its
positivization in the Codification. This cannot be observed however in
Common Law, although English jurisprudence is integrating more and more
European Union directives that bring good faith into different aspects of
the English legal system, such as in consumer rights. Specifically in
European contract law, EU legislation reminds us of the importance of good
faith as a key factor for ensuring the harmonization of law in this field.
Resulta evidente la proyección histórica en el Derecho privado
europeo del concepto romano de la bona fides, tanto desde su perspectiva
subjetiva, como desde su formulación objetiva como principio general. Su
continuidad histórica se manifiesta en el derecho intermedio a través del
Ius Commune por obra de canonistas y comentaristas con la elaboración
doctrinal y jurisprudencial del ius mercatorum. Otro impulso decisivo como
principio integrador del ordenamiento jurídico lo encontramos en su
positivización en la Codificación. Lo que no se observa en la Common Law;
no obstante la jurisprudencia inglesa está integrando cada vez más
Directivas comunitarias que incorporan la buena fe a sectores de su
ordenamiento, como el referido al derecho de consumidores. Concretamente,
dentro del derecho contractual europeo, la normativa comunitaria nos
recuerda su importancia como pieza clave para conseguir la armonización
del Derecho en esta materia.
The judgment in Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa sheds light on the legal effects of soft law instruments that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) will recognise, while distinguishing between ...their legally binding force and their legal or practical effects. European soft law is now often relied on in national courts, and can have an important impact on the rights and obligations of individuals. However, some of the goals of the Commission are only partly attainable due to the specific legal status of soft law instruments, and the current languages policy of the European Union. Given that soft law was not found to expressly impose obligations on individuals, the Court held that there was no requirement to publish it in all the official languages of the European Union. This has a negative impact on transparency and legal certainty, diminishing the role of soft law instruments in promoting such goals.
El documento desarrolla lo correspondiente a la materialización de una serie de principios procesales comunes a todos los sistemas de solución de controversias dentro del derecho internacional ...económico. Para tal fin, se determinarán las dinámicas de fragmentación del derecho internacional público y la generación de regímenes especiales, los cuales cuentan con diversos mecanismos de interacción entre ellos. Igualmente, se analizarán los fundamentos de los principios del derecho internacional público y cómo estos responden a las dinámicas existentes entre los derechos domésticos y el derecho internacional para finalizar con la determinación de cuáles podrían ser los principales principios procesales dentro de los sistemas de solución de controversias del derecho internacional económico.
The application of the EU principle of non-discrimination in private disputes is a sensitive issue. Recent case-law of the CJEU (cases Mangold and Kücükdeveci) conveys a novel approach that disturbs ...the pattern of the previous case law. The result of the novel approach is the possibility of horizontal direct effect in a much broader range of situations than before. It for instance leads to the de facto horizontal direct effect of anti-discrimination directives. The approach seems to go beyond the mere circumvention of the lack of horizontal direct effect of anti-discrimination directives. It seems that the horizontal direct effect of the principle applies in all cases falling within the scope of EU law. This raises an important question: when should private legal relationships be considered as falling within the scope of EU law? This question is a challenge for future case law. A prudent approach is recommended.
Abstract
Which is to prevail in a territorial dispute between the legal title of the one state and the actual display of sovereignty by the other? In the absence of any conventional or customary rule ...on point, Hersch Lauterpacht would have urged recourse to analogy with municipal private law. But the structural difference between the international and municipal legal orders and the availability of several pertinent private law analogies have complicated the answer to whether what is known as prescription finds a place in public international law. The recent resolution of the question highlights both the utility of and the risk of doctrinal imprecision involved in recourse by the international adjudicator to private law analogies.
The new political and economic realities need a rethinking on the basic categories of contractual law, specially its general principles. Up to a point, where it is essential to recognize that the ...principles and tendencies that dominate the postmodern theory of contract in certain contexts complement each other, but undoubtedly in other aspects they contradict themselves widely. To solve this problematic, it must be taken into account that the notion of general principles of law, as well as the relative nature of the imperative need for juridical security, are framed inside the most pure roman tradition. Really, this contradiction generates tension between the imperatives of freedom and contractual justice
Las nuevas realidades políticas y económicas ameritan repensar las categorías básicas del derecho de contratos, especialmente sus principios generales. A tal punto, que es imprescindible reconocer que los principios y tendencias que dominan la teoría posmoderna del contrato en algunos ámbitos se complementan, pero de manera indudable en otros aspectos se contradicen ampliamente. Para solventar la presente problemática, debe tenerse presente que la noción de Principios Generales del Derecho así como la naturaleza relativa del imperativo de seguridad jurídica se enmarcan dentro de la más pura tradición romanista. En realidad, esta contradicción genera una tensión entre los imperativos de libertad y justicia contractual
La determinación de las diferencias entre principios y valores se constituye en una condición necesaria para el desarrollo del control de constitucionalidad y posterior fortalecimiento del Estado ...social y constitucional de derecho. En este trabajo se expone lo que la Corte Constitucional, en la jurisprudencia elaborada desde 1991, ha entendido por principios y valores. Se demostrará a través del estudio de la noción de principios constitucionales, valores jurídicos y valores superiores, la inexistencia de una línea jurisprudencial que dé explicación clara y coherente sobre su naturaleza y funciones. La investigación es de tipo documental y analítico, la cual tiene por base las decisiones adoptadas por esa alta corporación.
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