De-icing salts are essentially composed of sodium chloride (NaCl) and represent a serious problem in temperate countries since they damage plants along the streets. At the Experimental Centre of the ...Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Turin, two trials determining the resistance to salinity of six ornamental species (Vinca minor, Hedera helix, Mahonia aquifolium, Lonicera pile at a, Euonymus fortunei and Symphoricarpos racemosus) were carried out. The first trial concerned the study of the effects of NaCl, KC1, and K₂ CO₃ on V. minor, H. helix and M. aquifolium. Each salt was applied at two concentrations, 0.125 N and 0.25 N. The second trial consisted of a comparison of the resistance of L. pileata, E. fortunei and 5. racemosus to NaCl, applied at the concentration of 0.25 N. V. minor and M. aquifolium showed a marked sensitivity following exposure to sodium chloride at the higher concentration. On the contrary, it was possible to verify a fair resistance of H. helix to saline treatments with NaCl at 0.25 N. In L. pileata the treatment with NaCl determined a progressive browning from the end of the leaf to its base. In E. fortunei the treatment with NaCl determined a progressive and diffused yellowing on all the leaf followed by withering. In the cases of V. minor and M. aquifolium, the possibility to use potassium carbonate appears promising.
Preparation of well arranged statistical data on growth and nutrition of an ethnic group has large academic value and is vital to planning how to improve their health and nutrition. However, little ...data on such problems exists for ethnic groups. The author therefore propose a simple method, a growth grid method, applicable for preparing effective data indispensable to improving health and nutrition in situations where little basic data is available. We used the growth grid method to analyze health conditions of ethnic groups in Asia to better grasp their conditions. To macroscopically evaluate the growth of children (boys) from 7 to 17 years old, the growth grid uses data on stature of 7-year-old subjects (7ys) and average stature growth of subjects per year from 7 to 17 years old to evaluate growth conditions. The method uses quadratic coordinates with two data points. All data is distributed on the quadratic coordinates of the growth grid into five groups: (A) West Eurasian ethnic groups living in West Eurasia; (B) East Asian ethnic groups living in East Asia; (C) Silk Road ethnic groups living in central Asia; (D) Tibetan heights ethnic groups living in Tibetan highlands; and (E) Southeast Asian ethnic groups spread from Southwestern China to Southeast Asia. West Eurasian peoples (A) distributed in a group spread to upper right of quadratic coordinates. Group B is situated in the lower right quarter while Group D is at the upper left quarter, and Group C is sandwiched between groups B and D. Group E are small in stature and slow in growth tempo. The growth grid proved itself feasible for practical application proving growth process are highly dependent on localities where ethnic groups live.
A three-level index evaluation system of high-tech enterprises is raised expanding from four main factors-capital, technology, market and management; neural network system is introduced in high-tech ...enterprises growth-evaluation to strengthen the evaluation; BP network model is established through network training, which is used to carry out growth evaluation. These provide frontier idea for the cross application of mathematics in the field of high-tech enterprise management.
This paper selects 12 publishing listed companies in China as research sample, uses the factor analysis method to make a comprehensive evaluation and comparative analysis of the growth of publishing ...listed companies in 2012-2013 according to four respects including profitability, operation ability, debt paying ability and development ability. Finally, we find that the profitability is not strong for traditional publishing business which needs the transformation and upgrade of the profit model; the growth quality of main business income is not high and the economies of scale is not significant; the debt financing ratio is too low and the efficiency of the use of funds is poor; the learning ability and strain capacity need to be improved to keep the firm growth vigor.
Target height, the genetic potential in stature, is commonly estimated by the corrected midparental height (CMH) method. A new model for estimating target height has recently been introduced based on ...a large, Swedish, population‐based study. The aim of this study was to compare the validity of the two methods for estimating target height in Hong Kong Chinese children. The Hong Kong Chinese were more than 10 cm shorter than the Swedes in stature. The secular increase in height over the two generations, however, was 4.2‐4.8 cm for the Hong Kong Chinese, much larger than that of the Swedes (0.7‐1.0 cm). The two populations are thus at different stages in the secular trend. The new model derived from Swedish population for estimating target height was shown to be applicable to Hong Kong Chinese children; the mean of residual final height values was close to zero (–0.15 cm, p = 0.74). However, the mean of residual final height was significantly above the expected value of zero (4.5 cm, p < 0.0001) when the CMH method was applied to the data, which implies an underestimation bias of 4.5 cm. Consequently, if the CMH method is used to estimate target height and evaluate growth hormone treatment responses in short children, it may inflate the treatment response by 4.5 cm. In conclusion, the recently proposed model for target height estimation offers a better alternative for estimating target height in Hong Kong Chinese children and for assessing growth‐promoting treatments.
Growth curves models provide a visual assessment of growth as a function of time, and prediction body weight at a specific age. This study aimed at estimating tinamous growth curve using different ...models, and at verifying their goodness of fit. A total number 11,639 weight records from 411 birds, being 6,671 from females and 3,095 from males, was analyzed. The highest estimates of a parameter were obtained using Brody (BD), von Bertalanffy (VB), Gompertz (GP,) and Logistic function (LG). Adult females were 5.7% heavier than males. The highest estimates of b parameter were obtained in the LG, GP, BD, and VB models. The estimated k parameter values in decreasing order were obtained in LG, GP, VB, and BD models. The correlation between the parameters a and k showed heavier birds are less precocious than the lighter. The estimates of intercept, linear regression coefficient, quadratic regression coefficient, and differences between quadratic coefficient of functions and estimated ties of quadratic-quadratic-quadratic segmented polynomials (QQQSP) were: 31.1732±2.41339; 3.07898± 0.13287; 0.02689±0.00152; -0.05566±0.00193; 0.02349±0.00107, and 57 and 145 days, respectively. The estimated predicted mean error values (PME) of VB, GP, BD, LG, and QQQSP models were, respectively, 0.8353; 0.01715; -0.6939; -2.2453; and -0.7544%. The coefficient of determination (R²) and least square error values (MS) showed similar results. In conclusion, the VB and the QQQSP models adequately described tinamous growth. The best model to describe tinamous growth was the Gompertz model, because it presented the highest R² values, easiness of convergence, lower PME, and the easiness of parameter biological interpretation.
A simulation model to estimate the transmitting PPFD in the atrium of passenger terminal building at Kansai International Airport was developed using factors as the structure of the atrium, ...transmitting characteristics of top light, solar location and simulated outdoor PPFD on clear days. Estimated PPFDs were consistent with daily and seasonal observed fluctuations in the atrium. With observed net photosynthetic and respiration rate and estimated transmitting PPFD, CO2 budgets in atrium environment of trees grown in the atrium, trees grown outdoors and two foliage plants grown indoors were estimated at the leaf scale to evaluate the growth characteristics. Effect of the ceiling height and planting location on the transmitting PPFD and CO2 budgets of the leaves were also estimated. Since CO2 budgets of foliage plants were insensitive to the atrium structure and planting location, foliage plants seemed to be easily used under low light environment. On the other hand, CO2 budgets of Ternstroemia gymnanthera and Michelia figo, which are generally planted outdoors and acclimated in the low light environment in the atrium, were sensitive to these conditions. It is conceivable that careful consideration of the atrium structure and planting position is necessary for the use of these outdoor trees in the atrium.
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