Some new hydrazono 5a,b, thiosemicarbazono 6a-c, and oximo chromenes 7a-c were prepared via the reaction of the corresponding β-chlorocarbaldehyde 3 with hydrazine, aromatic hydrazine, ...thiosemicarbazide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively. In addition, ether derivatives 8a-h were prepared from the corresponding aldoximes 7a-c. The new products were tested for anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic score activities compared to indomethacin.
Novi hidrazono- 5a,b, tiosemikarbazono- 6a-c i oksimo kromeni 7a-c sintetizirani su iz odgovarajućeg β-klorkarbaldehida 3 i hidrazina, aromatskog hidrazina, tiosemikarbazida ili hidroksilamin hidroklorida, dok su eterski derivati 8a-h pripremljeni iz pripadajućih aldoksima 7a-c. Novi spojevi ispitani su na protuupalno i ulcerogeno djelovanje, a njihovo djelovanje uspoređeno je s djelovanjem indometacina.
Novi hidrazono- 5a,b, tiosemikarbazono- 6a-c i oksimo kromeni 7a-c sintetizirani su iz odgovarajućeg β-klorkarbaldehida 3 i hidrazina, aromatskog hidrazina, tiosemikarbazida ili hidroksilamin ...hidroklorida, dok su eterski derivati 8a-h pripremljeni iz pripadajućih aldoksima 7a-c. Novi spojevi ispitani su na protuupalno i ulcerogeno djelovanje, a njihovo djelovanje uspoređeno je s djelovanjem indometacina.
Objective: Fifteen hidrazide-hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using a modification of Ellman’s spectrophotometric ...method. Methods: Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was evaluated by using a modification of Ellman’sspectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric method is based on the reaction of released thiocholine to give a coloured product with a chromogenic reagent 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid).Results: Among the tested compounds, 4-fluorobenzoic acid (4-methoxyphenyl) methylene hydrazide (6) and 2-(fluorobenzoyl) hydrazono-1,3-dihydro-indol-3-one (15), showed noteworthy anti-AChE activity when compared to standard drug donepezil (IC50=0.054±0.002µM). Conclusion: The anti-AChE activity screening indicated that among the tested compounds, 6 with p-methoxyphenyl substitution and 15 with1,3-dihydro-indol-3-one substitution represent the most active compounds. Based on the activity results, it appears that bulky groups on the hydrazide-hydrazone moiety have made good contribution to the anti-AChE activity.
Amaç: On beş adet hidrazit-hidrazon türevi sentezlenmiş ve asetilkolinesteraz enzimini (AChE) inhibe etme yetenekleri Ellman’ın modifiye spektrofotometrik yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntem: Anti-asetilkolinesteraz aktivite tayini Ellman’ın modifiye edilmiş spektrofotometrik yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bu spektrofotometrik yöntem bir kromojenik reaktif olan 5,5-ditiyo-bis-(2-nitrobenzoik asit) ile salınan tiyokolinin renkli bir ürün vermesi esasına dayanır. Bulgular: Test edilen bileşikler arasında, 4-fluorobenzoik asit (4-metoksifenil) metilen hidrazid(6) ve 2-(fluorobenzoil) hidrazono-1,3-dihidro-indol-3-on (15), referans ilaç donezepil (IC50=0.054±0.002µM) ile kıyaslandığında kayda değer anti-AChE aktivite göstermiştir. Sonuç: Anti- AChE aktivite sonuçları, p-metoksifenil sübstitüenti taşıyan bileşik 6 ve 1,3-dihidro-indol-3-on sübstitüenti taşıyan bileşik 15’in en aktif bileşikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Aktivite sonuçlarından, hidrazid-hidrazon yapısı üzerinde hacimli grupların bulunmasının anti- AChE aktiviteye olumlu yönde katkıda bulunduğu görülmektedir.
Acylhydrazones have been studied since 1850; they are important compounds for drug design due to their extensive biological activity. The compounds were synthesized by a nucleophilic addition ...reaction to the carbonyl group; six derivatives were obtained using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and ketones: fluorenone, benzophenone and substituted benzophenones; Good yields have been obtained in all cases, the best percentage corresponds to compound (7), with 67% and the lowest to compound (10) with a yield of 29%. Principles number two and five of green chemistry were applied during the development of the synthesis. In addition, the production methodology used was a modification of the procedure described in the knowledge base. The substituted benzophenones were obtained by oxidation of the respective alcohols, so that it was obtained benzophenones and fluoenone; In this method, sodium hypochlorite is used as an oxidation agent and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as a phase transfer medium in an aqueous medium. The molecules were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR) among other spectroscopic techniques. Biological activity was evaluated by using the Kirby-Bauer method, in order to determine the sensitivity of an organism to antibiotics or antifungals. The results show that the substituted hydrazones (9 and 10) presented a higher inhibitory activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger compared to 1% cycloheximide, but considerably less effective than ketoconazole compounds used as control.
Las acilhidrazonas se han estudiado desde 1850, son compuestos importantes para el diseño de fármacos por su amplia actividad biológica, entre ellas. Los compuestos fueron sintetizados mediante una reacción de adición nucleofílica al grupo carbonilo; se obtuvieron seis derivados empleando la 2,4-dinitrofenilhidracina (2,4-DNPH) y las cetonas: fluorenona, benzofenona y benzofenonas sustituidas; en todos los casos se han alcanzado buenos rendimientos, el mejor porcentaje corresponde al compuesto (7), con un 67% y el más bajo al compuesto (10) con un rendimiento de 29%. En el desarrollo de la síntesis se aplicaron los principios número dos y cinco de química verde. Además, la metodología de obtención usada fue una modificación del procedimiento descrito en la literatura. Las benzofenonas sustituidas fueron obtenidas mediante la oxidación de los respectivos alcoholes para la obtención de las benzofenonas y fluoenona; en este método se emplea hipoclorito de sodio como agente de oxidación y bromuro de tetrabutil amonio como medio de transferencia de fase en medio acuoso. Las moléculas se caracterizaron por resonancia magnética nuclear de protón (RMN-1H) y espectroscopia de infrarroja de reflectancia total atenuada (IR-ATR) entre otras técnicas espectroscópicas. La evaluación de la actividad biológica se realizó mediante el método Kirby-Bauer, empleado para determinar la sensibilidad de un organismo frente a antibióticos o antifúngicos. Los resultados muestran que las hidrazonas sustituidas (9) y (10) presentaron una actividad inhibitoria mayor frente Candida albicans y Aspergillus niger en comparación con cicloheximida al 1%, pero considerablemente son menos efectivo que ketoconazol compuestos utilizados como control.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la susceptibilidad in vitro de aislados de Cryptocococus spp con una nueva clase de antifúngicos, hidrazonas esteroidales y comparar su actividad antifúngica ...en combinación con ajoeno y posaconazol contra aislados de Cryptococcus spp. Se utilizaron tres aislados del género Cryptococcus 42794, 4050 y 44192 y se evaluaron su sensibilidad y efectos sinérgicos con las hidrazonas esteroidales, ajoeno y posaconazol, según el documento M27-A2 del CLSI. Se incluyeron las cepas Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) y Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) como controles. Se observó con las hidrazonas (H1, H2, H3, H4) un efecto plateau a partir de 10 micrónM (CMI). Sin embargo, con la H4 se obtuvo bajo porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento. Con el ajoeno, se obtuvieron valores de CMI de 25 y 50 micrónM. El posaconazol mostró altos valores de inhibición y un valor de CMI de 6 micrónM para 42794 y 44192 y un CMI de 20 micrónM para el aislado 4050. Se obtuvieron efectos sinérgicos al combinar posaconazol con ajoeno, ajoeno con hidrazona 3 y posaconazol con hidrazona 3. Los valores de concentración inhibitoria fraccional fueron de 0,24; 0,16 y 0,09 respectivamente, indicando un marcado efecto sinérgico. Se obtuvieron efectos sinérgicos importantes entre el posaconazol con ajoeno, ajoeno con hidrazona 3 y posaconazol con hidrazona 3, lo cual sería muy útil para futuros estudios clínicos. Palabras clave: Cryptococcus, susceptibilidad antifúngica, sinergismo. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro susceptibility to novel antifungal compounds, the steroidal hydrazones, and to compare their antifungal activity and synergistic effects with other compounds, such as ajoeno and posaconazole on Cryptocococus spp isolates. Three Cryptococcus strains were used for this study (42794, 4050 and 44192) and their antifungal sensitivity and synergistic effects with ajoeno and posaconazole were evaluated according to the CLSI protocol number M27-A2. Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) were used as controls. A plateau effect with hydrazones (H1, H2, H3, H4) was observed after 10 micro M (CMI). However, with H4 only a mild inhibition on the growth was obtained. Combining hydrazone and ajoeno, CMI values between 25 and 50 microM were obtained. The highest inhibitions values were obtained with posaconazole and a CMI value of 6 micro M for the strains 42794 and 44192, and a CMI value of 20 micro M for the strain 4050. Synergy was observed combining posaconazole with ajoeno, ajoeno with hydrazone 3 and posaconazole with hydrazone 3. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were 0.24, 0.16 and 0.09 respectively, which might indicate a synergistic effect. Important synergistic effects were obtained with posaconazole and ajoeno, ajoeno and hydrazone 3 and posaconazole with hydrazone 3, which would be very useful for clinical trials in the future. Keywords: antifungal activity; synergisms; hidrazones; Cryptococcus.
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