With connection with the full-scale Russian military aggression, the issue of clear spatial fixation of violations of natural complexes and their components has become extremely urgent. The ...consequences of projectiles and rockets, fires that arose as a result of shelling, military fortification activities, etc. led to the direct disturbance of landscapes, as well as their chemical pollution. This, in turn, has an extremely negative impact on the state of the environment and leads to indirect impacts. The quality of drinking water and crop production is deteriorating, soil fertility is decreasing, and the biodiversity of the territories is decreasing.
Purpose. The possibilities of fixing and monitoring damage to land resources based on the use of free space images and free geoinformation software.
Methods. Space images of the Planet Scope apparatus were taken as the information basis. Viewing, uploading and analysis of images took place in the free geographic information system (GIS) QGIS 3.12
Results. The research was conducted on the territory of Rohan settlement united territorial community (SOTG), which is located in the Kharkiv district of the Kharkiv region. According to the method of monitoring natural and agricultural land, deciphering data from space images shows that in 2022, 916 explosions were formed as a result of shelling of the territory of Rohansk SOTG. A set of maps related to the explosive danger and chemical contamination of the territory of the Rohansk SOTG was created, the decoding of space images of the territory of the Rogansk SOTG in different periods of time was carried out. Following the monitoring of agricultural lands, traces of bomb-trubbing were recorded. Maps of the results of recording the effects of bombing, a thermal map of the density of eddies, a map of the hydrological analysis of the territory that may be polluted as a result of bombing have been created.
Conclusions. The methodology for monitoring natural and agricultural lands based on space survey data was developed. The created set of maps related to the explosive danger and chemical pollution of the territory of Rohansk SOTG can be used for planning further studies of the state of the environment and rationalization of economic activity.
Even though there is an extensive body of literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have experienced armed conflict, there are still many grey areas, especially in ...relation to civilian participants in hostilities. This article evaluates how socio-demographic factors and the interactions between them have influenced PTSD among civilians involved in the recent war in Ukraine.
This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 314 adults, 74 women, and 235 men. The mean age was 34.08 years. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C).
Our findings show that predictors of posttraumatic stress are loss of a loved one, place of residence, gender, continuation of education, and health insurance. We demonstrated that PTSD produced by the loss of a loved one as a result of war is determined by participation in the education system, whatever the level of education. The literature emphasises the importance of social support, e.g., from the family. We demonstrated that having children is associated with a risk of more severe PTSD, causing serious mental strain among participants of hostilities. We discovered that material security lowers PTSD, but only among people who have no children.
PTSD is the result of not only the violence and damage caused by war but also of other stressful circumstances associated with the social and financial conditions of life. Further research needs to focus on identifying modifiable risk factors and protective factors that could be embraced by intervention strategies. Our findings can inform the goals behind therapeutic support for civilian participants of hostilities, and implications for social work. Social work professionals are encouraged to engage in direct questioning and to maintain a supportive and safe environment for participants in hostilities, e.g., in the area of education. Trauma-affected people need to be given opportunities to build up their strengths and increase their psychological resources towards well-being. Social security (health insurance, savings, material security) should be taken into account when working with people affected by PTSD.
Extremophiles are well-known to flourish in hostile extreme habitats. For instance, extremes of temperatures, acidic or alkaline environments, high pressure, UV irradiation, salinity and even ...presence of heavy metal concentrations. While extremophiles can survive in an individual extreme, polyextremophiles can survive in combinations of such extreme environmental niches. Polyextremophily mainly exists in two dimensional matrices of extreme conditions such as temperature and pH, temperature and salinity etc. It provides the potential to delineate from the habitability envelope by putting constraints on biological processes, and dislocating them from their natural niche. Microbial biofilm, which is an assemblage of microbes in extracellular polymeric substances, secreted by the microbes themselves not only play a huge role in microbial colonization, nutrient sequestration and quorum sensing but also protects the microbes from the aforementioned array of environmental hostilities.
This paper deals with, a novel polyextremophilic strain of Bacillus isolated from the waters of The Ganges, at Gangotri situated in Uttarakhand, at an altitude of 3,415 m from sea level, on the Greater Himalayan range. The strain Bacillus subtilis BRAM_G1 (Accession Number: MW006633), was found to be tolerant to a huge plethora of extreme conditions ranging from temperature (from −20 °C to 110 °C), ultraviolet radiation (79200 μW/cm2), pH (1–12), salinity (8%) to heavy metal concentrations (arsenic, silver, iron etc.). On further investigation, the strains were found to produce enormous amounts of biofilm and a control laboratory strain of Bacillus sp. which did not produce biofilm was also found to be sensitive to the array of extreme conditions the novel strains survived. Thus, providing a conclusive proof about the role played by microbial biofilm formation as one of the survival strategies for inhabiting such extreme niches.
Social protests were crucial to the election of Colombia's progressive government in 2022. However, it's role in the violence against Venezuelan migrants that preceded it is still unclear. This ...paper examines racial bias in media responses to Venezuelan migrants during Colombia's 2019-2021 social protests. Theorists suggest that structural changes like migration can normalize hostility against vulnerable groups when specific conditions increase hostile perceptions. Colombia's press has not been scrutinized for misanthropic and hostile views, focusing on xenophobic urban riots that occurred alongside social protests in November 2019. We conducted a content analysis of Colombian newspapers, linking migration, violence, and protests, along with public migration data from Venezuela. Our findings reveal that social movements in Colombia intersect with contemporary Venezuelan migration, highlighting the ambivalence of social protests. While protests may have shifted attention away from racist attributions toward Venezuelan migrants, they do not signify a new perception of vulnerable populations.
This report examines the involvement of the population of the occupied territories of Ukraine of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the invasion of the territory of Ukraine in 2022 by the armed forces of ...the Russian Federation. It focuses on the body of evidence for the forced mobilization of the student youth population in these two regions in the lead up to invasion and assesses the implications of this mobilization effort.
The war in Ukraine dealt a crushing blow to the country’s economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the marketing ability to be an effective tool for restoring and developing business in Ukraine. ...The paper aims to define the state and prospects for developing business and its marketing component during the war in Ukraine. The research analysis demonstrates that the share of business representatives who completely or partially ceased their activities during the first three months of the war decreased from 75.3% in March to 49.0% in May (compared to February 24, 2022), which is indicative of the gradual resumption of business in Ukraine. At the same time, it was found that in May 2022, the food retail, non-food retail, household appliances, and electronics sectors partially resumed their work. The best renewal rates are observed in the jewelry sector, and the worst – in the entertainment sector. A study of marketing activities in Ukraine shows that the most positive changes regarding gradual renewal are observed in digital marketing. The paper highlights the key consequences of hostilities for Ukrainian business and its marketing activities: supply chain disruption, reduced purchasing power, changes in consumer demand, stockpiling, and a state of uncertainty among business representatives. In addition, the study offers general approaches to adapting marketing and SMM during the war to preserve, restore, and further develop business in Ukraine.
Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book raises new questions and provides different perspectives on the roles, responsibilities, ethics and protection of interpreters in war while ...investigating the substance and agents of Japanese war crimes and legal aspects of interpreters’ taking part in war crimes. Informed by studies on interpreter ethics in conflict, historical studies of Japanese war crimes and legal discussion on individual liability in war crimes, Takeda provides a detailed description and analysis of the 39 interpreter defendants and interpreters as witnesses of war crimes at British military trials against the Japanese in the aftermath of the Pacific War, and tackles ethical and legal issues of various risks faced by interpreters in violent conflict.The book first discusses the backgrounds, recruitment and wartime activities of the accused interpreters at British military trials in addition to the charges they faced, the defence arguments and the verdicts they received at the trials, with attention to why so many of the accused were Taiwanese and foreign-born Japanese. Takeda provides a contextualized discussion, focusing on the Japanese military’s specific linguistic needs in its occupied areas in Southeast Asia and the attributes of interpreters who could meet such needs. In the theoretical examination of the issues that emerge, the focus is placed on interpreters’ proximity to danger, visibility and perceived authorship of speech, legal responsibility in war crimes and ethical issues in testifying as eyewitnesses of criminal acts in violent hostilities. Takeda critically examines prior literature on the roles of interpreters in conflict and ethical concerns such as interpreter neutrality and confidentiality, drawing on legal discussion of the ineffectiveness of the superior orders defence and modes of individual liability in war crimes. The book seeks to promote intersectoral discussion on how interpreters can be protected from exposure to manifestly unlawful acts such as torture.
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