This study aims to determine the quality of the Biology instrument items on the digestive system material with the Rasch model for analyzing critical thinking skills. The research employed a ...quantitative descriptive method involving 63 students of senior high schools in Yogyakarta. The data were collected using a critical thinking skills description test and processed using the Rasch model with the Winstep 5.0.3.4 program. The study shows that the overall validity is acceptable. The item validity did not require improvement in items 14, 3, 8, 13, 12, 1, 4, 10, 6, 2, 7, 11, 15, and 9, and required improvement or replaced of item 5 because it did not fit. The analysis result using Cronbach's alpha shows that the overall reliability is very good, and the item reliability is good. Rating scale analysis using partial credit ratings and probability curves shows that respondents need help understanding the five-point Likert scale. The analysis of the item difficulty based on Logit and Wright maps shows that the most difficult item to work on is item 14. Items with moderate categories are items 13, 12, 1, 4, 10, 6, 2, 5, and 7. Items easy to work on are items 11, 15, and 9. The bias results show item 14 gender-biased. The results of the interaction between the item and the person through the ICC plot image show that all items are on the curve of the outfit confidence space and follow the Rasch modeling.
Learning biology needs to seek the formation of students who have scientific literacy skills. This ability is closely related to understanding science in everyday life. This study aims to analyze the ...increase in scientific literacy skills by implementing inquiry lesson-based worksheets on the material of the human digestive system. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a non-randomized control group pre-test and post-test research design. Participants are two classes XI MIPA. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. That is, two classes XI MIPA were randomly selected. Classes XI MIPA 5 and XI MIPA 6, each consisting of 32 students, where one was the control class and the other was the experimental class. Data were obtained using 10 PISA frameworks scientific literacy questions in the form of valid and reliable multiple choice questions. The results showed a significant difference, as evidenced by the results of hypothesis testing with Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, then H0 rejected and Ha accepted. There is a difference in t-count experimental class and t-count where is the control class t-count the experimental class is greater than t-count the control class is 53.82 > 21.997 so that the scientific literacy abilities of students from the two classes have significant differences.Abstrak Pembelajaran biologi perlu mengupayakan terbentuknya peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan literasi sains. Kemampuan ini erat hubungannya dengan pemahaman sains di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan literasi sains melalui implementasi LKPD berbasis Inquiry Lesson pada materi sistem pencernaan manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Pre-test and Post-test Non-randomized Control Group. Partisipan merupakan dua kelas XI MIPA. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling, yaitu dipilih secara acak dua kelas XI MIPA. Kelas XI MIPA 5 dan XI MIPA 6 yang masing-masing terdiri dari 32 peserta didik, dimana salah satu sebagai kelas kontrol dan yang lain sebagai kelas eksperimen. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan soal literasi sains berframework PISA berjumlah 10 dengan bentuk soal pilihan ganda yang telah valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dibuktikan melalui hasil uji hipotesis dengan Sig. (2 tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Terdapat perbedaan pada t-hitung kelas eksperimen dan t-hitung kelas kontrol dimana t-hitung kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari t-hitung kelas kontrol yaitu 53,82 > 21,997, sehingga kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik dari kedua kelas tersebut memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan.
Food is one of the major sources of arsenic (As) exposure in humans. The objectives of this study were to determine the bioaccessible concentration of As in rice grain sold in Bangkok and to evaluate ...the potential health risks associated with rice consumption. Polished (n = 32) and husked (n = 17) jasmine rice were collected from local markets. In vitro digestion was performed to determine the bioaccessible As concentrations, which were used for probabilistic health risk assessments in different age groups of the population. Approximately 43.0% and 44.4% of the total As in the grain of polished and husked rice, respectively, was in the form of bioaccessible As. Significantly higher bioaccessible As concentrations were found in husked rice than in polished rice (1.5–3.8 times greater). The concentrations of bioaccessible As in polished and husked rice were lower than the Codex standard for As in rice. The average daily dose of As via rice consumption is equivalent to the daily ingestion of 2 L of water containing approximately 3.2–7.2 μg L−1 of As. Approximately 0.2%–13.7% and 10.7%–55.3% of the population may experience non-carcinogenic effects from polished and husked rice consumption, respectively. Approximately 1%–11.6% of children and 74.1%–99.8% of adults were at risk of cancer. The maximum cancer probabilities were 3 children and 6 adults in 10,000 individuals. The probabilistic risk results indicated that children and adults were at risk of both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects from both types of rice consumption.
•Approximately 44% of total As in rice was bioaccessible for human body absorption.•Bioaccessible As contents in husked rice were higher than those in polished rice.•Bioaccessible concentrations in all samples were lower than Codex rice standards.•Children and adults were susceptible to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects.•Approximately 3 children and 6 adults in 10,000 adults could experience cancer.
This study aims to produce teaching materials in Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) based on STEM in an Islamic context to improve creative thinking skills in the human digestive system. The ...development process involved validity testing by six experts, readability testing by 18 students, and field trials by one biology teacher and 36 students. The study results indicate that the developed E-LKPD is highly valid and effective. The E-LKPD achieved an average validity rating of 90.87%, classified as feasible. Regarding readability, it scored an average of 98.84%, indicating it is highly appropriate for users. Furthermore, field trials revealed positive feedback from teachers and students, with feasibility ratings of 91.26% and 98.49%, respectively, confirming that the E-LKPD is very well-received and effective in practical use. There is an increase in the average ability to think creatively as measured through test instruments. The study significantly enhances students' creative thinking abilities by implementing E-LKPD. Before using E-LKPD, the average creative thinking score was 34.86, which increased to 72.08 after implementation, with an N-Gain of 0.55, categorized as medium. These results demonstrate that E-LKPD is highly suitable for learning activities and effectively improves students' creative thinking skills.
The purpose of this research was to analyze students’ scientific explanation on the human digestive systems topic using explanation-oriented lesson-design model. This research was conducted with a ...descriptive research design, a total of 29 eighth grade students from a junior high school in Tasikmalaya were involved in this research. Samples were taken using a convenience sampling technique. The scientific explanation observed was written causal explanation. This research data was collected using test, observation and interview method. The result of this research indicates that the number of students who have scientific explanation ability in intermediate category was 66% (n = 19), basic category was 31% (n = 9), and the advanced category was 3% (n = 1). Therefore, it can be concluded that most of the abilitiy of eighth grade students’ scientific explanation were intermediate category. Overall, students could make the components of scientific explanataion referred to this research. However, the components explaining a phenomenon, most students can only explain a phenomenon using patterns that are commonly observed. In addition, the components explain the patterns in the data and processes that support the occurence of a phenomenon, most students explain the patterns and processes that support the occurence of the phenomenon with spesific, but not detailed. In addition, the components connect data patterns and processes using principles, theories, or disciplinary core ideas, most student connect data patterns and processes using principles by including relevant concepts that are logically, specific, but not detailed.
Learning media is everything that is used to distribute information in learning. The use of appropriate and varied media can overcome the passive nature of students in the teaching and learning ...process. The results of the analysis of observational questionnaires on students and teachers, it is known that the media that tend to be used are textbooks and modules. Therefore, teachers and students still want other learning media that are able to attract interest in reading and can easily be used anytime and anywhere by students. Based on this, a digital booklet on the material of the human digestive system was developed as a valid learning medium for class XI SMA/MA students. This research was conducted at the Department of Biology, FMIPA UNP and SMAN 1 Rao, using a 4D development model (define, design, develop and disseminate) which is abbreviated at the develop (3D) stage. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The average value of validation is 90.95% with a very valid category. This criterion was obtained from four aspects tested, namely aspects of the feasibility of content, language, presentation and graphics. Digital booklets with very valid criteria are appropriate for use in the student learning process.Abstrak Media pembelajaran merupakan segala sesuatu yang digunakan untuk menyalurkan informasi dalam pembelajaran. Penggunaan media yang tepat dan bervariasi dapat mengatasi sifat pasif perserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar. Hasil analisis angket observasi terhadap peserta didik dan guru, diketahui media yang cenderung digunakan adalah buku teks dan modul. Oleh karena itu guru dan peserta didik masih menginginkan media pembelajaran lain yang mampu menarik minat baca dan dengan mudah dapat digunakan kapan dan dimana saja oleh peserta didik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dikembangkanlah booklet digital pada materi sistem pencernaan manusia sebagai media pembelajaran yang dilengkapi dengan gambar dan video yang interaktif untuk peserta didik kelas XI SMA/MA yang valid. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Departemen Biologi FMIPA UNP dan SMAN 1 Rao, dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (define, design, develop dan disseminate) yang disingkat pada tahap develop (3D). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif. Nilai rata-rata validasi 90,95% dengan kategori sangat valid. Kriteria ini diperoleh dari empat aspek yang diuji yaitu aspek kelayakan isi, kebahasaan, penyajian dan kegrafikaan. Booklet digital dengan kriteria sangat valid layak digunakan dalam proses belajar oleh siswa.
The learning process is an activity that aims to transfer knowledges, including students in junior high school. With the existence of augmented reality-based interactive learning media that enables a ...more interesting learning process to make students being motivated, excited, and interested in the learning process, especially in humans who use mobile devices. The process of making this application using software Unity 3D is intended for mobile devices with the Android operating system. This medium learning application has features in the form of three dimensional models of every organ in humans and also contains the information about the selected process. Application development in this application is Luther Calculation. With this research, students are expected to be able to consolidate the existing material in three dimensional forms well. And also, reducing the students' boredom and increasing the students' learning interest.
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