This study analyzed groundwater quality used to supply small communities in the coastal zone of the Brazilian Northeast, identifying the risks from domestic use of water, and potential contaminants ...from domestic effluents. We realized analyses of 24 chemical and physical parameters in 15 samples of water from shallow wells. The data was processed through quality modeling, descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and geoespacialization through kriging. The groundwater used by communities showed some limitations to domestic use. Parameters of Br, hardness, Na+, NO3−, Cl−, SO4−, and turbidity exceed the allowed for Brazilian Health Minister (Ministerial Order n. 888/2021). Furthermore, TDS values present low water quality, predominantly brackish and saltwater, most salinity waters are related to depth and sea proximity. Depth of saturated zone probably is a determinant in nitrate concentrations, comparing the study areas. Water self-supply is considered a risk by health because inferior natural quality of water used and contaminations from domestic sewage determine concentrations of some parameters above of legislation.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a promising tool to monitor species distribution and abundance in aquatic ecosystems. These estimates can be biased in lotic environments by the effects of eDNA ...transport and deposition processes. However, our understanding of eDNA downstream transport dynamics is limited because it can fluctuate greatly depending on target species abundance and eDNA quantity in a source site and the design of aquatic sampling. Furthermore, eDNA deposition into bottom substrates also determines the availability of aqueous eDNA, but knowledge about deposition is much more limited. Consequently, there is little consensus about eDNA downstream transport and deposition, as well as their interactions with hydrogeographic conditions.
In this study, we compiled previous papers concerning riverine eDNA transport and synthesised knowledge about eDNA transport and deposition. A few studies have recently applied a hydrodynamic modelling approach and calculated the average length of eDNA downstream transport (Sw) and velocity of eDNA deposition (Vdep). Referring to those studies, we manually calculated, or directly extracted, Sw and Vdep from the nine eDNA papers and conducted meta‐analyses to reveal the association of these estimates with river discharges. Furthermore, we simulated the mean length of eDNA downstream transport in a channel with given hydrogeographic conditions.
The estimated Sw and Vdep values ranged from 2.6 to 13,187.4 m and 0.003 to 1.900 mm/s, respectively. When log‐transformed, the median Sw and Vdep values were 102.188 (= 154.1) m and 10–1.387 (= 0.041) mm/s. The calculated maximum eDNA transport distances until 95% and 99% of the target eDNA particles are deposited ranged from 334.0 to 1,272.7 m and 513.5 to 1,956.4 m, respectively. Moreover, we found that river discharges were positively associated with Sw, whereas Vdep was lower for natural environments than mesocosms. This trend could be due to other environmental factors, such as bottom substrates.
Our meta‐analysis implied that, under ordinary hydrogeographic conditions, most eDNA particles could travel less than 2 km downstream even when considering the resuspension of eDNA from riverbeds. By contrast, our study did not consider multiple environmental factors that potentially affect eDNA transport and would accordingly introduce a moderate to high degree of heterogeneity across studies. These issues will be addressed in future studies.
To our knowledge, this study is the first to quantitatively synthesise the length of eDNA downstream transport in riverine environments and infer general properties of eDNA downstream transport distance and deposition velocity. According to our results, much of the eDNA released from individuals might have little effect on the detection of target eDNA in the sampling sites more than 2 km downstream. Although further accumulation of empirical studies is necessary, our findings propose the groundwork for optimal eDNA sampling designs in riverine ecosystems to reduce the false‐positive inference of species presence and false‐negative eDNA detection.
Hydrogeological effects of climate change will continue to affect water reservoirs worldwide. Some regions are experiencing and will experience severe decline in their water resources due to ...prolonged periods of drought. Since emergency practices such as the provision of emergency drinking water and forest firefighting depend on regional surface and groundwater resources, the safety of the hydro geosphere's of a region is of fundamental importance, especially in times of crisis. The study uniquely addresses the integration of emergency water management within broader sustainable practices, particularly in the German context where such an analysis has not been previously consolidated. Using the example of emergency drinking water management, the paper elaborates the extent to which measures of emergency response are currently recognised as part of sustainable water management. In an analysis, 79 documents addressing emergency drinking water management of both water supply companies and crisis management authorities in Germany were analysed. The findings revealed a general lack of documents addressing the long-term dependencies between water resources and emergency measures currently applied. Furthermore, the documents do not elaborate on how to implement these measures in a sustainable way recognising the distinctive characteristics of a region. Since response measures can potentially intensify water stress in a region, emergency water management must be consequently included in a holistic water management process to protect landscapes and communities for the future. This paper provides a first comprehensive compilation of essential documents dealing with emergency drinking water management in Germany. It furthermore introduces a new approach to emergency water management and identifies necessary research that could serve as a baseline for future crisis decision making to strengthen national and international initiatives on water resource protection.
•Holistic water management must include water intense measures of emergency response.•Procedures of crisis management can intensify processes of regional water depletion.•Performance of emergency response can decline in times of long-term dryness.•The management of water emergencies requires adaptation to regional hydrogeography.
One of the methods of water resource management is to construct small retention ponds. Within the framework of the “Possible ecological control of flood hazard in the hilly regions of Hungary and ...Slovenia“ project the management of small ponds and their impact on flood prevention were studied in selected catchments. Data on pond management were gathered from interviews with pond owners. In a pilot study, we conducted an inventarisation and classification of all retention ponds. Primarily they were constructed for more specific use: fishing, irrigation, watering livestock. These functions have been gradually replaced by leisure-time activities, aesthetics, and tourism. Spring, stream and rainfall-fed ponds prevail in the pilot area and reduce the flood risk. Due to the increased variability of precipitation patterns ponds are also becoming an important measure to limit drought consequences at a local level.
O presente estudo realizou uma análise do contexto hidrogeográfico do território municipal de Serra do Mel-RN/Nordeste do Brasil, investigando a formação territorial associado a situações históricas ...de escassez, evolução do acesso à água, além de caracterizar condições atuais de abastecimento e qualidade da água subterrânea. realizado levantamento histórico da ocupação do município e a problemática do abastecimento de água local; composição de cadastro de poços; amostragem físico-química da água realizada em 10 poços. Ao todo, foram cadastrados 13 poços dos quais 10 são utilizados como fonte de abastecimento. As águas de 5 poços se mostraram apropriadas para abastecimento doméstico e para potabilidade. Em relação a qualidade para irrigação, alguns poços como o da vila Amazonas, e os poços da vila Pará possuem limitação de uso por conta do excesso de sais, oferecendo riscos a salinização dos solos. A utilização da água subterrânea de maneira sustentável foi considerada condição chave para alavancar o desenvolvimento econômico do município provendo água para irrigação e garantindo segurança hídrica para população.
Historical farm ponds have been designed, maintained, and established as heritage sites or cultural landscapes. Has their gradually evolving function resulted in changes to the landscape influenced ...by their degenerated nature and the new urban fabric? This study aimed to assess the interaction between urban fabrics and eight farm ponds in Taoyuan by determining the demolition ratio of ponds subject to the transit-oriented development (TOD) of infrastructure and to evaluate land cover using historical maps, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted 3D modeling, smartphone augmented reality (AR), and a gaming engine to inspect and compare well-developed or reactivated ponds and peripheries. A 46% reduction in pond area around Daxi Interchange was an important indicator of degeneration in the opposite direction to TOD-based instrumentation. Three-dimensional skyline analysis enabled us to create an urban context matrix to be used in the simulations. Nearly 55 paired AR comparisons were made with 100 AR cloud-accessed models from the Augment® platform, and we produced a customized interface to align ponds with landmark construction or other ponds using Unreal Engine®. Smartphone AR is a valuable tool for situated comparisons and was used to conduct analyses across nine categories, from buildings and infrastructure to the intensity and stage of development. The gaming engine handled large point models with high detail and was supported by a customized blueprint. We found that 3D virtual dynamics highlighted the evolving interstitial space and role substitution of the agricultural fabric. This combination of heterogeneous platforms provides a practical method of preserving heritage and enables conflict resolution through policy and TOD instrumentation.
This article examines various annual trends in climate and hydrological changes in Slovenia's mountain regions between 1961 and 2018. Climate changes are primarily reflected in the increase in ...average annual temperatures and significantly decreased duration of snow cover, and hydrological changes in the decrease in the minimum and mean annual discharge, whereas the maximum discharge is increasing in some places. Among the factors affecting the reduction in the annual water volume in rivers, land-use changes (i.e, increased forest cover) especially stand out. In addition to the water volume, rivers' discharge regimes are also changing. In nearly all locations, the autumn maximum discharge now exceeds the spring maximum discharge, which was once one of the basic characteristics of mountain snow-rain discharge regimes.
Suvremena vodoopskrba riječkog područja Grbac Žiković, Renata; Orešić, Danijel; Čanjevac, Ivan
Geoadria,
01/2017, Volume:
14, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
The area of Rijeka's water supply system belongs to karst which is featured with a significant underground water circulation, as well as with a high sensitivity to external influences such as water ...pollution. Abundant springs are the basis of water supply. The minimal spring abundance exceeds the water consumption for several times. The quality of water is good, supplying more than 200.000 residents of the Rijeka area, and since lately the northern part of Krk Island. The article studies the development of Rijeka's water supply system, with an emphasis on the water consumption and the level of water supply system's development in the last fifteen years. The data shows a high level of development of the water supply system. Lately there has been a decrease in water consumption in the researched area, particularly in economic sector due to many industries being shut down. Today approximately 2/3 of consumption accounts for households. In spite of redistribution of population within the researched area (the process of suburbanization) there was no significant decrease in water supply standard. Moreover, lately there have been considerable advances in reducing the losses in the water supply network.
This paper examines the spatial distribution of frequency of flash floods along with their seasonal distribution. The spatio-temporal analysis of past flash flooding covered 124 flash floods ...affecting areas of Slovenia between 1550 and 2015. Flash floods are most common in the mountainous and hilly area of northern Slovenia, which consists of alpine and a large part of subalpine landscapes. Autumnal flash floods occur across most of the country, while summer flash floods are seen mainly in the east. In most parts of the country autumnal flash floods predominate.
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