For a stratophenetic analysis of Middle Triassic ammonoids from the German Muschelkalk (Anisian, Ladinian), whorl expansion rates, whorl width indexes, umbilical width indexes, maximal conch sizes, ...body chamber lengths, the orientations of the aperture, and a number of sculpture parameters of approximately 500 specimens were identified. 274 of these data sets, sorted according to their stratigraphic age, were evaluated in scatter plots as well as canonical discriminant function analyses. Several of the diagrams that were produced in these analyses reflect more or less steady changes in conch morphology through geological time, except for some intervals with abrupt and rather drastic transformations. These morphological discontinuities are synchronous with immigrations into the Germanic Basin of crinoid and brachiopod taxa. This discovery indicates disturbances in the endemic evolution of the ammonoids caused by such immigrations. At a small scale, this case study demonstrates that a rising sea level may have boosted the faunal exchange between an open marine and a restricted epicontinental basin, causing a minor regional increase in biodiversity. It also demonstrates that the evolution of ‘Germanic’ ceratites happened mainly within the Germanic Basin but partially probably also within the Tethyan Sea. The ecology of the ceratites from this Basin is discussed. Accordingly, they were stenohaline, good backward swimmers with a good manoeuvrability, and able to achieve neutral buoyancy.
Protect, Serve, and Deport exposes the on-the-ground workings of local immigration enforcement in Nashville, Tennessee. Between 2007 and 2012, Nashville’s local jail participated in an immigration ...enforcement program called 287(g), which turned jail employees into immigration officers who identified over ten thousand removable immigrants for deportation. The vast majority of those identified for removal were not serious criminals but Latino residents arrested by local police for minor violations. Protect, Serve, and Deport explains how local politics, state laws, institutional policies, and police practices work together to deliver immigrants into an expanding federal deportation system, conveying powerful messages about race, citizenship, and belonging.
Heaven’s door Borjas, George J; Borjas, George J
1999., 20111128, 2011, 1999, 1999-00-00, 1999-01-01
eBook, Book
The U.S. took in more than a million immigrants per year in the late 1990s, more than at any other time in history. For humanitarian and many other reasons, this may be good news. But as George ...Borjas shows in Heaven's Door, it's decidedly mixed news for the American economy--and positively bad news for the country's poorest citizens. Widely regarded as the country's leading immigration economist, Borjas presents the most comprehensive, accessible, and up-to-date account yet of the economic impact of recent immigration on America. He reveals that the benefits of immigration have been greatly exaggerated and that, if we allow immigration to continue unabated and unmodified, we are supporting an astonishing transfer of wealth from the poorest people in the country, who are disproportionately minorities, to the richest.
This book is intended to fill in a gap in the study of modern ethno-national diasporas. Thus, against the background of current trends - globalization, democratization, the weakening of the ...nation-state and massive transstate migration, it examines the politics of historical, modern and incipient ethno-national diasporas. It argues that unlike the widely accepted view, ethno-national diasporism and diasporas do not constitute a recent phenomenon. Rather, this is a perennial phenomenon whose roots were in antiquity. Some of the existing diasporas were created in antiquity, some during the Middle Ages and some are modern. An essential aspect of this phenomenon is the endless cultural-social-economic and especially political struggle of these dispersed ethnic groups that permanently reside in host countries away from their homelands to maintain their distinctive identities and connections with their homelands and other dispersed groups of the same nation. While describing and analyzing the diaspora phenomenon, the book sheds light on theoretical questions pertaining to current ethnicity and politics.
Discussions about U.S. migration policing have traditionally focused on enforcement along the highly charged U.S.-Mexico boundary. Enforcement practices such as detention policies designed to ...restrict access to asylum also transpire in the Caribbean. Boats, Borders, and Bases tells a missing, racialized history of the U.S. migration detention system that was developed and expanded to deter Haitian and Cuban migrants. Jenna M. Loyd and Alison Mountz argue that the U.S. response to Cold War Caribbean migrations established the legal and institutional basis for contemporary migration detention and border-deterrent practices in the United States. This book will make a significant contribution to a fuller understanding of the history and geography of the United States’s migration detention system.
Migra Hernandez, Kelly Lytle
04/2010, Volume:
29
eBook
This is the untold history of the United States Border Patrol from its beginnings in 1924 as a small peripheral outfit to its emergence as a large professional police force. To tell this story, Kelly ...Lytle Hernández dug through a gold mine of lost and unseen records stored in garages, closets, an abandoned factory, and in U.S. and Mexican archives. Focusing on the daily challenges of policing the borderlands and bringing to light unexpected partners and forgotten dynamics,Migra!reveals how the U.S. Border Patrol translated the mandate for comprehensive migration control into a project of policing Mexicans in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands.
Citizens Abroad Brand, Laurie A.
02/2006, Volume:
v.Series Number 23
eBook
Despite the fact that the majority of emigration today originates in the global south, most research has focused on the receiving states of Europe and North America, while very little attention has ...been paid to the policies of the sending states toward emigration or toward their nationals abroad. Taking the country cases of Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon and Jordan, this work explores the relationship between the government of the sending states, the outmovement of their citizens and the communities of expatriates that have developed. By focusing on the evolution of government institutions charged with various aspects of expatriate affairs, this work breaks new ground in understanding the changing nature of the relationship between expatriates and their home state. Far from suggesting that the state is waning in importance, the conclusions indicate that this relationship provides evidence both of state resilience and of new trends in the practice of sovereignty.
Deported Tanya Maria Golash-Boza
2015, 2015-11-01, Volume:
6
eBook
The United States currently is deporting more people than ever before: 4 million people have been deported since 1997 –twice as many as all people deported prior to 1996. There is a disturbing ...pattern in the population deported: 97% of deportees are sent to Latin America or the Caribbean, and 88% are men, many of whom were originally detained through the U.S. criminal justice system. Weaving together hard-hitting critique and moving first-person testimonials, Deported tells the intimate stories of people caught in an immigration law enforcement dragnet that serves the aims of global capitalism.
Tanya Golash-Boza uses the stories of 147 of these deportees to explore the racialized and gendered dimensions of mass deportation in the United States, showing how this crisis is embedded in economic restructuring, neoliberal reforms, and the disproportionate criminalization of black and Latino men. In the United States, outsourcing creates service sector jobs and more of a need for the unskilled jobs that attract immigrants looking for new opportunities, but it also leads to deindustrialization, decline in urban communities, and, consequently, heavy policing. Many immigrants are exposed to the same racial profiling and policing as native-born blacks and Latinos. Unlike the native-born, though, when immigrants enter the criminal justice system, deportation is often their only way out. Ultimately, Golash-Boza argues that deportation has become a state strategy of social control, both in the United States and in the many countries that receive deportees.
<img src=http://nyupress.org/teachguide/pdf_icon.gif alt= /> <a href=http://nyupress.org/teachguide/nyup_guide_golash-boza_deported.pdf>Instructor's Guide
Few phenomena have been more disruptive to West European politics and society than the accumulative experience of post-WWII immigration. Against this backdrop spring two questions: Why have the ...immigrant-receiving states historically permitted high levels of immigration? To what degree can the social and political fallout precipitated by immigration be politically managed? Utilizing evidence from a variety of sources, this study explores the links between immigration and the surge of popular support for anti-immigrant groups; its implications for state sovereignty; its elevation to the policy agenda of the European Union; and its domestic legacies. It argues that post-WWII migration is primarily an interest-driven phenomenon that has historically served the macroeconomic and political interests of the receiving countries. Moreover, it is the role of politics in adjudicating the claims presented by domestic economic actors, foreign policy commitments, and humanitarian norms that creates a permissive environment for significant migration to Western Europe.
Au cours du XXème siècle, l'étude de la politique répressive en URSS a été menée sans utilisation des sources statistiques et des données des organismes internationaux. Ces documents étaient tenus ...strictement secrets et donc inaccessibles. Avec la chute du mur de Berlin en 1989 et l'effondrement de l'URSS en 1991, le monde se trouve complètement modifié. Ce processus engendre la division de certains états en Europe, la création de nouvelles zones de conflit et aussi la proclamation de l'indépendance de certains pays comme l'Azerbaïdjan en octobre 1991. Ces modifications politiques provoquent des mouvements de population. Essentiellement liée à la sécurité, surtout en raison du conflit arrnéno azerbaïdjanais qui a influencé l'économie, les hommes émigrent et s'installent dans les pays de la CEl, particulièrement en Russie et en Ukraine, mais aussi en Allemagne, en Israël, et ailleurs. Aujourd'hui, les raisons de l'émigration du peuple azerbaïdjanais sont différentes. Notre problématique propose d'étudier, de façon historique et sociologique, l'ensemble des courants migratoires azerbaïdjanais vers la France à l'époque contemporaine, c'est-à-dire de la fin du XIXème siècle. au début du XXIème siècle. Cette question est éclairée par l'étude de mouvements migratoires des pays voisins. L'exemple azerbaïdjanais regroupe différents types d'immigration, c'est pourquoi il nous a paru pertinent et judicieux de l'analyser pour comprendre les enjeux actuels des mouvements de population. De plus, l'étude des flux migratoires azerbaïdjanais est intéressant de par ses caractéristiques culturelles, politiques et surtout économiques et permet d'accéder à une meilleure intelligibilité de nos sociétés.
During the twentieth century, the study of political repression in the USSR was conducted without the use of statistical sources and data from international organizations. These documents were kept strictly secret, and therefore inaccessible. With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the world is in fact completely altered. This process leads to the division of many countries in Europe, which provokes the arousing of new areas of conflict, and also the proclamation of the in dependence of few countries such as Azerbaijan in October 1991. These political changes caused movements of population. Primarily related to security, mainly due to the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, which changed the economy in a significant way, population migrate and settle in the CIS countries, more especially in Russia and in Ukraine, or also in Germany, in Israel and elsewhere. Nowadays, the reasons for the emigration of the Azerbaijani people are different. Our research scrutinizes, sociologically and historically, all Azerbaijani migration flows to France at the contemporary times, thal is to say the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-frrst century. This study is enhanced by analyses of migration of neighbouring countries. The example of Azerbaijan gathers different types of immigration that is the reason why we thought it would be relevant and meaningful to analyze the current issues of population movements. In addition, the study of migration of Azerbaijani is thrilling and stimulating because of ils cultural, political and especially economical, facets for a better understanding of our societies
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