El futsal es un deporte conocido y practicado por millones de personas en todo el mundo. No obstante, existen escasas referencias cientícas acerca de la personalidad, y concretamente de los rasgos de ...impulsividad de estos deportistas, que puedan ayudar a los entrenadores a optimizar su rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las variables relacionadas con la impulsividad en jugadores de élite de futsal, en función de su posición de juego. Participaron voluntariamente en este estudio 111 futbolistas de élite (edad M = 25.44, DT = 4.62) de la Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala de la temporada 2014/2015. Se utilizó la adaptación del cuestionario de impulsividad UPPS-P y se llevó a cabo un test de ANOVA atendiendo a la posición de juego (porteros, cierres, alas y ala-cierres, pívots y ala-pívots y, universales). Los resultados muestran una menor puntuación en los rasgos de impulsividad, concretamente en la variable de búsqueda de sensaciones, en los jugadores con un perl o rol defensivo, y particularmente en los porteros con respecto a los universales (p < .05). Además, se observa un perl de mayor impulsividad general en los pívots, ala pívots y universales. Como conclusión, este estudio ha permitido comprobar indicios de ciertas dimensiones relacionadas con la impulsividad diferenciados entre los jugadores de futsal de élite en función del rol de juego desempeñado. Aunque debemos ser cautos a la espera de una conrmación en futuros estudios, estos hallazgos podrían señalar la conveniencia de considerar los rasgos de la personalidad como predictores del rendimiento en los programas de detección y desarrollo del talento en este deporte.
•Impulsivity is not a unitary construct and instead comprises dissociable subtypes.•Reflection-impulsivity is a distinct and well-defined facet of impulsivity.•Additional characterisations of ...motor-impulsivity are required.•Several tasks purported to index impulsivity should be treated with caution.•Researchers should employ multiple measures of types of impulsivity simultaneously.
‘Impulsivity’ refers to a range of behaviours including preference for immediate reward (temporal-impulsivity) and the tendency to make premature decisions (reflection-impulsivity) and responses (motor-impulsivity). The current study aimed to examine how different behavioural and self-report measurements of impulsivity can be categorised into distinct subtypes.
Exploratory factor analysis using full information maximum likelihood was conducted on 10 behavioural and 1 self-report measure of impulsivity.
Four factors of impulsivity were indicated, with Factor 1 having a high loading of the Stop Signal Task, which measures motor-impulsivity, factor 2 representing reflection-impulsivity with loadings of the Information Sampling Task and Matching Familiar Figures Task, factor 3 representing the Immediate Memory Task, and finally factor 4 which represents the Delay Discounting Questionnaire and The Monetary Choice Questionnaire, measurements of temporal-impulsivity.
These findings indicated that impulsivity is not a unitary construct, and instead represents a series of independent subtypes. There was evidence of a distinct reflection-impulsivity factor, providing the first factor analysis support for this subtype. There was also support for additional factors of motor- and temporal-impulsivity. The present findings indicated that a number of currently accepted tasks cannot be considered as indexing motor- and temporal-impulsivity suggesting that additional characterisations of impulsivity may be required.
Medidas relacionadas a impulsividad se han obtenido mediante tareas de condicionamiento operante. Aunque se ha sugerido que índices de impulsividad pueden ser también obtenidos usando el laberinto en ...cruz elevado (LCE), una prueba animal relacionada con ansiedad, ningún estudio ha examinado la relación entre las variables de ansiedad en el LCE e índices de impulsividad obtenidos durante condicionamiento operante. En este estudio se establecieron correlaciones entre medidas del LCE y el desempeño en un programa de reforzamiento de intervalo fijo 60-s (IF 60-s). Diecisiete ratas hembras fueron expuestas la LCE antes de iniciar el entrenamiento en el programa de IF 60-s. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre el porcentaje de tiempo de permanencia en el área central del LCE y tanto el índice de eficiencia como los tiempos entre respuestas en IF. Adicionalmente, estas tres medidas correlacionaron de forma positiva dentro del Factor 1 del análisis factorial. No se observaron correlaciones entre las medidas de los brazos abiertos del LCE y la ejecución operante. Los resultados sugieren que el tiempo en el área central del LCE podría ser un índice útil de impulsividad en roedores sin un perfil predeterminado de impulsividad.
Controversy abounds regarding the symptom dimensions of attention problems, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, developmentally extreme and impairing levels of which compose the diagnostic category of ...attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). I highlight causal factors, underlying mechanisms, developmental trajectories, and female manifestations of ADHD, integrating the psychobiological underpinnings of this syndrome with contextual factors related to its clinical presentation, impairments, and soaring increases in diagnosed prevalence. Indeed, despite strong heritability, ADHD is expressed via transactional patterns of influence linked to family-, school-, peer-, neighborhood-, and policy-related factors. Moreover, intervention strategies must take into account both pharmacologic and behavioral modalities if the goal is to enhance competencies, rather than symptom reduction per se. A comprehensive understanding of ADHD mandates multiple levels of analysis-spanning genes, neurotransmission, brain pathways, individual skill levels, family socialization, peer relationships, and educational and cultural forces-which must be integrated and synthesized to surpass reductionist accounts, reduce stigma, and maximize the impact of prevention- and intervention-related efforts.
Empirical research suggested that individuals with anxiety and/or depression exhibited action on the spur of the moment, with little consideration for the consequences of their actions. However, it ...remains unclear whether the precise mechanisms underlying the impacts of anxiety and depression on impulsivity. The present study examined how anxiety and depression influence impulsivity, as well as the mediating and moderating role of cognitive flexibility. A sample of 477 Chinese university students was recruited. All participants finished self-report measures of anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility. No significant gender difference was found in anxiety, depression, cognitive flexibility, and three subscale scores of impulsivity. Greater scores of anxiety and depression were associated with lower scores of cognitive flexibility and higher levels of impulsivity. Depression and cognitive flexibility could predict attention impulsivity and nonplanning impulsivity, while anxiety and cognitive flexibility could predict motor impulsivity. Cognitive flexibility served as a mediator in the links of anxiety and three subscales of impulsivity. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility moderated the impact of anxiety on motor impulsivity.
Background: Impulsivity has been implicated in refractory obesity. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may counterbalance overactive brain reward by enhancing executive function (EF), ...including impulse control, mitigating loss-of-control eating. Galioto found that EF predicted weight-1 oss in structured medical weightloss programs (Galioto 2016). Cognitive training (CT) monotherapy for EF improvement has not shown sufficient therapeutic promise nor has DLPFC-directed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), but coupled, they may enhance EF. The aim of this study was to determine if tDCS coupled with computerized CT decreased impulsivity in individuals with obesity. Methods: In this pilot randomized double-blind study of sham vs. active tDCS (five days, 25 minutes, 2mA); 17 participants completed stimulation initially and NIH Examiner tasks (flanker, set shifting, dot counting and unstructured planning) four times during the 4-month study. Results: The active group (8 men/1 woman) had age (mean +/- standard deviation SD) of 56.5 years (+/-13.2); sham (6 men/3 women) was 58.8 (+/-12.4). The NIH Flanker measures the inhibitory control domain of EF, related to impulsivity. Flanker total mean reaction time, (p = .057, t-test, and p = .006, median difference test from quantile regression), was higher with treatment, indicating less impulsivity. Stratified by baseline weight, set shifting score, especially with higher weight, was greater with treatment compared to sham (p = 0.043) at end-study, reflective of greater treatment-related cognitive flexibility. In this pandemic-shortened pilot, we did not see treatment effects on weight, dot counting or unstructured planning. Conclusions: DLPFC-directed-tDCS coupled with CT may decrease impulsivity and enhance cognitive flexibility in individuals with obesity. Our preliminary impulsivity and brain reward-related work has transdiagnostic application; it may inform understanding and management of other addictive, impulsive behaviors.
Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) is an increasingly popular diet that involves short-term fasting and/or caloric restriction. Hardly any research has examined possible associations between IF ...and psychological factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine group differences in impulsivity, binge eating, and intuitive eating among university students who reported currently engaging in IF (Current-IF), fasted in the past (Past-IF), or never fasted (No-IF). Methods: The sample consisted of undergraduate students (n = 299; 57.9% female; 82.6% White; BMI: 24.36 ± 4.55), at a large public university. The Current- I F (n = 70), Past-IF (n = 48), and No-IF groups (n = 180) filled out questions and validated surveys online. One-way ANOVAs were conducted with Tukey post-hoc analyses to determine group differences in each of the primary study variables. Results: The Current-IF group (6.16 ± 1.87) reported greater perseverance than individuals in both the No- I F group (6.94 ± 1.85, p = .01) and Past-IF group (7.06 ± 2.15, p = .03). Additionally, the Current- I F group (3.14 ± 0.49) reported less intuitive eating than the No-IF group (3.44 ± 0.54, p < .001). However, the difference was not statistically significant between the Current-IF and Past-IF groups (3.10 ± 0.55, p = .90). The Past-IF group (3.17 ± 3.76) reported significantly more binge episodes than the No-IF group (1.80 ± 2.99, p = .02). The mean number of binge episodes was also greater in the Current-IF group (2.78 ± 3.15) than the No-IF group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .08). Conclusions: Individuals who were participating in IF reported significantly less intuitive eating and greater perseverance than individuals who were not fasting. Those who had fasted in the past reported significantly more binge episodes than students who had never fasted. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the temporal relationship between IF and impulsivity, binge eating, and intuitive eating.
Excessive Internet use has demonstrated comorbidity with other psychological symptoms and psychiatric disorders, as well as impairments in the management of daily life, relationships and emotional ...stability. Recent findings in the literature have consistently supported the relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction. The present study hypothesized that, in addition to impulsivity, a further predictor of Internet addiction might be relational co-dependency, which is also associated in the literature with addiction phenomena, but mainly substance addiction. This paper investigates the role and predictive weight of impulsivity and codependency on Internet addiction on a sample of young adult university students (n = 481) by using a hierarchical regression analysis. The participants were administered the UADI-2, the BIS-11 and the SFCDS. In terms of percentage distribution, 38 % of the participants were in the dependency range, while 37.7 % demonstrated Internet abuse behavior. The results confirmed the role of impulsiveness (β = 0.312) and added to the literature by showing the significant role of relational codependency (β = 0.275), gender (β = 0.174) and age (β = 0.196). Thus, male participants were more dependent, more impulsive and more co-dependent, with increasing age in the given range (18–30). The present study shed light to the presence of this issue among young adults and that, as a preventive and restraining measure, there is a need not only for targeted awareness-raising programmes but also for interventions to promote greater emotional control and a more balanced management of personal relationships.
Introduction
In the past few years, there has been a considerable amount of evidence that cannabis use can cause structural and functional brain abnormalities.Structural imaging studies of cannabis ...users have revealed reduced prefrontal cortex volumes and white matter damage that may be involved with impulsivity.
Objectives:
To Determine the level of dependence on cannabis among cannabis users consulting the detoxification center of Sfax, Tunisia To assess in addition the impact of cannabis on impulsivity and motor control.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that was conducted over a period of 13 months between September 15, 2020 and October 1, 2021 among cannabis users consulting the detoxification center of Sfax, Tunisia.A short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (the BIS-15) and a Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) were used to assess impulsivity and to determine cannabis abuse.
Results:
Thirty Eight cannabis users agreed to participate in this study. The distribution of CAST scores showed that 36 users (94.7%) had problematic cannabis use at the time of the study. The mean BIS 15 score was 38.2. In our sample, The level of impulsivity was highest in people with a high level of cannabis dependence. A higher level of impulsivity was found in younger subjects. However, a greater level of impulsivity was found in subjects with a lower socio-economic level. Concerning employment status, unemployment was significantly correlated with a higher level of impulsivity.
Conclusions
Impulsivity is often associated with a variety of problematic behaviors such as aggressive behavior, smoking, drug abuse, pathological gambling or compulsive buying.
A higher frequency of cannabis use and earlier age of onset use have been shown to be associated with the highest rates of impulsivity.
Therefore, cannabis addiction represents a real public health problem, both because of the serious complications and heavy repercussions that it causes.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
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