Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue to preserve the fertility of girls and young women at high risk of sterility is now widely practiced. Pieces of cryopreserved ovarian cortex can be thawed and ...autografted to restore fertility, but because of the risks of reintroduction of the cancer, transplantation may not be possible for girls and women with blood-borne leukemias or cancers with a high risk of ovarian metastasis. Cryopreserved ovarian tissue contains mainly primordial follicles but also provides access to immature oocytes from small antral follicles, which may be matured in vitro to provide an additional source of mature oocytes. So in cases in which transplantation is contraindicated, fertility restoration could be safely achieved in the laboratory either by in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes aspirated from growing follicles or by the complete in vitro growth (IVG) and maturation (IVM) of primordial follicles to produce fertile metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The development of IVM and IVG methods to support all stages of oocytes available within ovarian tissue will maximize the potential for all patients undergoing fertility preservation.
Human beings have been producing more twins, triplets, and
quadruplets than ever before, due to the expansion of medically
assisted conception. This book analyzes the anticipatory regimes of
making ...multiple babies. With archival documents, participant
observation, in-depth interviews, and registry data, this book
traces the global and local governance of the assisted reproductive
technologies (ARTs) used to tackle multiple pregnancy since the
1970s, highlighting the early promotion of single embryo transfer
in Belgium and Japan and the making of the world's most lenient
guidelines in Taiwan.
The new arab man Inhorn, Marcia C
2012., 20120325, 2012, 2012-03-25, 20120101
eBook
Middle Eastern Muslim men have been widely vilified as terrorists, religious zealots, and brutal oppressors of women.The New Arab Manchallenges these stereotypes with the stories of ordinary Middle ...Eastern men as they struggle to overcome infertility and childlessness through assisted reproduction.
Drawing on two decades of ethnographic research across the Middle East with hundreds of men from a variety of social and religious backgrounds, Marcia Inhorn shows how the new Arab man is self-consciously rethinking the patriarchal masculinity of his forefathers and unseating received wisdoms. This is especially true in childless Middle Eastern marriages where, contrary to popular belief, infertility is more common among men than women. Inhorn captures the marital, moral, and material commitments of couples undergoing assisted reproduction, revealing how new technologies are transforming their lives and religious sensibilities. And she looks at the changing manhood of husbands who undertake transnational "egg quests"--set against the backdrop of war and economic uncertainty--out of devotion to the infertile wives they love.
Trenchant and emotionally gripping,The New Arab Mantraces the emergence of new masculinities in the Middle East in the era of biotechnology.
To investigate the obstetrical, neonatal, and long-term outcomes of in vitro maturation (IVM) compared with conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
...Matched retrospective case-control study.
University fertility clinic.
One hundred eighty-four patients undergoing IVM were compared with 366 patients undergoing conventional IVF. All had PCOS and were matched for patient age, gestational age at birth, and the number of fetuses.
None.
Obstetrics, neonatal outcomes, and childhood medical problems and development.
Women's mean age at oocytes retrieval was 32.6 ± 2.9 years. Children's mean age was 7.5 ± 2.3 years. There were no differences in the frequency of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes between the two groups. No difference was found in birth weights between the two groups. The incidence of congenital anomalies was similar between the groups (4.3% in IVM group vs. 4.1% in IVF group). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the frequency and duration of hospitalization during childhood. Growth developmental status of both groups was within normal range.
In a matched setting between IVM and IVF babies born from women with PCOS, no significant increased risk associated with IVM was been identified after a mean follow-up of 7.5 years.
The pig is an important livestock animal. Biotechnological interest in this species has increased due to its use, among others, in the generation of transgenic animals for use in biomedicine based on ...its greater physiological proximity to the human species than other large domestic animals. This development has paralleled an improvement in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) used for this species. However, the ability to generate animals from embryos produced entirely in vitro is still limited and a wide margin for improvement remains. Here we review the procedures, additives, and devices used during pig in vitro fertilization (IVF), focusing on the main points of each step that have offered the best results in terms of increased efficiency of the system. The lack of standardized protocols and consensus on the parameters to be assessed makes it difficult to compare results across different studies, but some conclusions are drawn from the literature. We anticipate that new physiological protocols will advance the field of swine IVF, including induction of prefertilization ZP hardening with oviductal fluid, sperm preparation by swim-up method, increased viscosity through the addition of inert molecules or reproductive biofluids, and the incorporation of 3D devices. Here we also reflect on the need to expand the variables on which the efficiency of pig IVF is based, providing new parameters that should be considered to supply more objective and quantitative assessment of IVF additives and protocols.
Removal and storage of ovarian cortical tissue is currently offered to young female cancer patients undergoing potentially sterilizing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. For patients at high risk of ...reintroduction of malignancy through auto‐transplantation, the ultimate aim is to achieve complete oocyte development from this tissue in vitro. The ability to develop human oocytes from the earliest follicular stages through to maturation and fertilization in vitro would revolutionize fertility preservation practice. This has been achieved in mice where in vitro grown oocytes from primordial follicles have resulted in the production of live offspring. Systems that support growth and development of oocytes from human ovarian cortex are being developed by several groups. This review focuses on the steps required to recapitulate in vitro the process of human oocyte development from the primordial stage and the systems currently available to support this.
Abstract Challenges to improve toxicological risk assessment to meet the demands of the EU chemical's legislation, REACH, and the EU 7th Amendment of the Cosmetics Directive have accelerated the ...development of non-animal based methods. Unfortunately, uncertainties remain surrounding the power of alternative methods such as in vitro assays to predict in vivo dose–response relationships, which impedes their use in regulatory toxicology. One issue reviewed here, is the lack of a well-defined dose metric for use in concentration-effect relationships obtained from in vitro cell assays. Traditionally, the nominal concentration has been used to define in vitro concentration–effect relationships. However, chemicals may differentially and non-specifically bind to medium constituents, well plate plastic and cells. They may also evaporate, degrade or be metabolized over the exposure period at different rates. Studies have shown that these processes may reduce the bioavailable and biologically effective dose of test chemicals in in vitro assays to levels far below their nominal concentration. This subsequently hampers the interpretation of in vitro data to predict and compare the true toxic potency of test chemicals. Therefore, this review discusses a number of dose metrics and their dependency on in vitro assay setup. Recommendations are given on when to consider alternative dose metrics instead of nominal concentrations, in order to reduce effect concentration variability between in vitro assays and between in vitro and in vivo assays in toxicology.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of unstimulated in vitro maturation (IVM) and routine IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for women with polycystic ovaries (PCO). DESIGN: Retrospective ...case–control study. SETTING: Fertility unit. PATIENT(S): Ninety-seven patients undergoing IVM were compared with 97 patients undergoing IVF. All had PCO and matched for age, infertility diagnosis, and ovulatory status. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro maturation cycles were unstimulated and hCG was administered 35–40 hours before oocyte retrieval. Oocytes were matured in vitro for 24–48 hours before insemination by ICSI. Endometrial priming with E₂ and P was commenced from the day of egg retrieval and one to two embryos were transferred on days 2–5 of development. Standard long protocol IVF/ICSI was used in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Live birth rate per cycle and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rate. RESULT(S): Overall, 65% of IVM eggs matured in vitro in the IVM group. Implantation rates were significantly higher in the IVF group (19.4% vs. 12.9%) as clinical pregnancy rates (50.5% vs. 19.6%) and live birth rates (44.3% vs. 16.5%) than in the IVM group. The OHSS rate was significantly higher in the IVF group (8.2% vs. 0%). CONCLUSION(S): In vitro maturation is a safer and simpler alternative to conventional IVF for women with PCO. It avoids difficulties of gonadotropin stimulation and the risk of OHSS but has a significantly lower live birth rate. Current research projects aim to close the success gap between IVM and IVF.
God’s laboratory Roberts, Elizabeth F. S
2012., 20120425, 2012, 2012-05-25, 20120101
eBook
Assisted reproduction, with its test tubes, injections, and gamete donors, raises concerns about the nature of life and kinship. Yet these concerns do not take the same shape around the world. In ...this innovative ethnography of in vitro fertilization in Ecuador, Elizabeth F.S. Roberts explores how reproduction by way of biotechnological assistance is not only accepted but embraced despite widespread poverty and condemnation from the Catholic Church. Roberts' intimate portrait of IVF practitioners and their patients reveals how technological intervention is folded into an Andean understanding of reproduction as always assisted, whether through kin or God. She argues that the Ecuadorian incarnation of reproductive technology is less about a national desire for modernity than it is a product of colonial racial history, Catholic practice, and kinship configurations. God's Laboratory offers a grounded introduction to critical debates in medical anthropology and science studies, as well as a nuanced ethnography of the interplay between science, religion, race and history in the formation of Andean families.
To provide an updated comparison of pregnancy-related complications and adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancies conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) versus fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET).
...Meta-analysis.
University.
Pregnancies resulting from FET versus fresh ET.
Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Chinese databases, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, and Chinese Scientific Journals Full-Text Database were searched by two independent reviewers from January 1980 to September 2017. The results were expressed as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
Pregnancy-related complications and perinatal outcomes.
Our search retrieved 1,397 articles, of which 31 studies were included. Pregnancies resulting from FET were associated with lower relative risks of placenta previa, placental abruption, low birth weight, very low birth weight, very preterm birth, small for gestational age, and perinatal mortality compared with fresh ET. Pregnancies occurring from FET were associated with increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, and large for gestational age compared with fresh ET. The risks of gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, and preterm birth (PTB) showed no differences between the two groups.
Our analysis demonstrated that FET results in lower risks of placenta previa, placental abruption, low birth weight, very low birth weight, very preterm birth, small for gestational age, and perinatal mortality than fresh ET, some differences that are attributed to the increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, large for gestational age, and postpartum hemorrhage. Although cryotechnology keeps improving, for comprehensive consideration, individual approaches remain appropriate to balance the options of FET or fresh ET at present.
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